中考语法定语从句的用法归纳Word文档格式.docx
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1.定语从句:
_____________________________________
3.关系词:
♥Attention♥
如何选择关系代词?
关系代词的作用是什么?
二、关系代词
1.定语从句关系代词:
先行词是人
先行词是物
作主语
who/that
which/that
作宾语
(who/whom/that)
(which/that)
作定语
whose
★小试身手★
1)Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeyesterday.
⇨who在定语从句中作_________
2)Theteacher(who/whom/that)youwanttoseeiscoming.
3)Imetaboywhosefatherwasanastronaut.
⇨whose在定语从句中作_________
4)Hereisthecoatwhich/thatwillbemadeforyou.
⇨which在定语从句中作_________
5)Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastyear.
6)Hehasabookwhosecover(=thecoverofwhich)isverybeautiful.
2.关系代词的作用
1)________________________________________
2)________________________________________
3)________________________________________
(1)用关系代词who,whom,that或whose填空。
1)Theman__________youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.
2)Theman__________iswalkingontheplaygroundismyoldfriend.
3)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof__________Ihadevermetbefore.
4)That'
sthenewmachine__________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.
(2)用who/whom/which/that将下列句子两句并一句。
1)Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
2)Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.
(3)用whose将下列句子两句并一句。
1)Themangavemeareward.Ifoundandreturnedhiswallet.
2)Parentsareusuallyveryproud.Theirchildrengraduatefromcollege.
3)TheteacherwenttoJapantoteachEnglish.Itookhisclasslastsemester.
whose后面一定要加一个名词,然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语。
3.只能使用that作关系代词的情况:
a.先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代词时。
Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.
b.先行词前有last,next,only,very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。
Thisisthemostinterestingfilm(that)wasshownlastweek.
Thisisthesecondcomputer(that)myfatherhasjustbought.
c.当先行词既有人,又有物时。
Theytalkedofthingsandpeoplethatthetremembered.
d.当主语是who的疑问句:
Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames?
以下情况时,who不与that通用。
a)先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who。
b)当先行词有较长定语时用who。
ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.
c)一个句子中带有两个定语从句,一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个用who。
Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.
d)在therebe开头的句中用who。
Thereisaprettygirloutsidewhowantstoseeyou.
(1)填空
1)Thereisnothingintheworld______canfrightenhim.
2)Theonlygames______Iplayarefootballandtennis.
3)Heistheonlystudent______understandsEnglish.
(2)翻译
1)他们唯一能做的事就是等待。
2)这正是你昨天买的笔。
三、关系副词
1.定语从句关系副词
表示时间
when
表示地点
where
表示原因
why
判断关系词是使用代词还是副词时,取决于定语从句的完整性。
如果定语从句不缺主语和宾语,那么关系词就应该使用关系副词。
a.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.
Iwillneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.
b.where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.
Iwouldliketoliveinacountrythatisfullofnaturalbeauty.
c.why指原因,在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
Thereasonthathetoldussurprisedusverymuch.
1)Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?
2)Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?
3)Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.
4)Idon’tknowthereason______hecamesolate.
5)Wearelivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.
6)Icanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'
twriteagoodessay.
7)Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.
8)Theyhavereachedthepoint_____theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.
四、关系代词和关系副词之间的关系
试观察下列句子:
Thisisthedaywhenwemet.
Thisistheday_____wemet.
Youshouldremembertoputthebookbacktotheplacewhereitbelongs.
Youshouldremembertoputthebookbacktotheplace_______itbelongs.
总结:
关系副词=介词+关系代词
连词成句
1)gowerewantbacktotheIplacebornmywheregrandparentsto.
2)refusedhelpreasonwhytheheusisthisto?
(forwhich)
1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
a.直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom,构成介词+which(指物);
介词+whom(指人)两种结构。
Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousrunner.
Theservicethestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.
HeisalibraryassistantIborrowedsomebooks.
b.直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略,但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时,关系代词可省。
Theman(who/that/whom)youtalktojustnowisafamousrunner.
Themanyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.
Heisalibraryassistant(whom/that/who)Iborrowedsomebooksfrom.
HeisalibrarianIborrowedsomebooks.
c.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不可以拆开,一般还是放在动语之后,不提前:
Heisthestudent(who/whom/that)theteachersarelookingfor.
Thenumberofthechildren(who/whom/that)shetakescareofis30.
2.关系代词whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为the+名词+of+which/whom或of+which/whom+the+名词结构;
of表所属关系。
Iliveinaroomareallbroken.
=Iliveinaroomareallbroken.
1.填入“介词+关系代词(即介词+which/whom):
1)Theship,________theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent,wascalled
theMayflower.
2)Thefamily____IstayedinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.
3)Hehaswrittenabook,thename_______Ihavecompletelyforgotten.
4)Itisafamilyof8children,all__arestudyingmusic.
5)Thetown,_________theycame,wasinthenorthoftheprovince.
2.介词填空:
1)Thespeed____whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’ttoohigh.
2)Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolor_____whichisbrightandnice.
3)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_____whichtherearemanypictures.
4)Whatwerethethings_______whichhewasnottoosure?
5)Theyheldameeting,____whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.
6)Thebook,_____whichhepaid6Yuan,isworthreading.
五、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
1.辨析下列句子
1)Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.
2)Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.
3)Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.
4)Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.
2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句用法上的区别
a.引导限制性定语从句时,关系代词which可以与that互换;
但引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which。
1)Sheheardaterriblenoise,____frightenedher.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
2)Sheheardaterriblenoise____frightenedher.(A)
A.thatB./C.whatD.who
b.先行词为reason时,限制性定语可以用why或forwhich来引导;
非限制性定语从句则只能用forwhich来引导。
1)Ihadtoldthemthereason,____Ididn’tattendthemeeting.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.forwhomD.why
2)Ihadtoldthemthereason_____Ididn’tattendthemeeting.
A.whenB.whichC.whyD.forthat
c.引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中担任宾语时可以被省略;
但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词即使作宾语也不能省略。
(1)Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother,helovedandrespectedashisownmother.
A.asB.whichC./D.whom
d.引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词whom可以用who来代替;
但在非限制性定语从句中,whom就不能用who替换。
(1)DoyouknowTom,____wetalkedabout?
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
(2)TheAmericanjournalist______theannouncermentionedinthebroadcastissaidtohavebeenkilled.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./
e.当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时,which引导的从句不能放在主句前,而as引导的从句既可以放主句前,也可以放主句后。
As意为正如……,which无此含义。
(1)____Iexpected,hedidn’tbelieveme.
A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.When
(2)Marywaslateforschool,_____oftenhappened.
A.asB.forwhichC.thatD.why
f.由“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词指代整个主句时,不能用as,只能用which。
(1)Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,__hisfatherwasangry.
A.aboutthatB.withasC.whenD.withwhich
g.一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首,已形成了固定的说法。
1)asisknowntoall这是众所周知的
2)ashasbeensaidbefore如前所说
3)asisoftenthecase情况常常如此
4)asmaybeimagined这可以想象得出
5)ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的那样
6)asoftenhappens这种情况常常发生
IIIReview
一、填入合适的关系代词或者关系副词
●Amy,________ismyfriend,likeseverything____looksbeautiful,becausesheisanactress.Iknowsomepeopleandstories_____wereabouther.Onceshetookweight-losspills,________werepopularamongyoungwomen.Shebecameslimmerandslimmer,soshewasverysatisfied.However,hermother,_______youmetlastyear,stoppedherfromtakingthem,sincetheycoulddamagehealth.Asamatteroffact,Amyisinhospital,in______sheissufferingliverfailure!
Luckily,sheisrecoveringandsheiswillingtofollowthedoctor’sadvice,______makesallofushappy.
二、选择正确的选项
1)ThestorytookplaceinEuropeinthedaysbeforeautomobiles___everyoneused
horses.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
2)Greentea,_____manyexpertssuggest,shouldbedrunkregularlytoimprovehealth.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
3)Thepartinthefilm_____themanbrokedownthedoormadetheaudiencegiveacry.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom
4)“Drive-ins”havelargeparkinglots____customersareservedintheircarsbywaitresses.
A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where
5)Intimewereachedastage____wehadmoreyoungreadersthanoldones.
A.whereB.howC.whoD.what
6)Thisarticlemayshocksomesensitivereaders,_____Ioffermyapologiesinadvance.
A.fromwhomB.forwhomC.towhomD.towardswhom
7)Thisisnottheonlyexampleofaplanecrash_____everyonebutachilddied.
A.wh