北京科技大学硕士研究生入学考试初试专业课240单独考试英语试题Word文档格式.docx

北京科技大学硕士研究生入学考试初试专业课240单独考试英语试题Word文档格式.docx

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PartI:

Vocabulary（20minutes,10points,0.5pointeach）

SectionA

Directions:

Thereare10incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

1.Ifyouyourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.

A.lessenB.moderateC.dismissD.overcome

2.Theprofessor'

sargumentwasreasonable,buttheaudiencedidnotagreewithhisconclusion.

A.suspiciouslyB.seeminglyC.criticallyD.theoretically

3.IsupposeI'

llhavetolookforajob；

I'

lleitherhavetofindarichwifeorstarve.

A．otherwiseB.that'

swhyC.elseD.ontheotherhand

4.Manyphotographersprefertotakepictureswhentheycantakeadvantageofthespecialeffectsofthesettingsun.

A．attwilightB.atnoonC.inthemorningD.inthefall

5.Thefinancequestionmustbeansweredwithinordertorelievetheinvestors'

fearsoffraud.

A．accuracyB.exactnessC.precisionD.correction

6.Thesurvivalofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.

A．ratioB.proportionC.rateD.scale

7.Sofarashecould，JohnhadalwaystriedtotheexamplehesawinLincoln.

A．liveuptoB.setforthC.callforD.cutout

8.Thestudentsgraduallyaknowledgeofthesubject.

A．acquiredB.attainedC.achievedD.obtained

9.Hedidn'

topenlyattacktheplan,buthisoppositionwasinhisfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

A.explicitB.implicitC.decisiveD.obvious

10.Thenewly-builtbridgethattheriverisconvenienttothepeoplelivinginthisarea.

A．traversesB.spansC.protectsD.overlooks

SectionB

Inthissection,therearetensentenceswithonewordorphraseunderlinedeach.ChooseoneofthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedword.

11.Shedidn'

topenlyattacktheplan，butheroppositionwasimplicitinherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

A．explicitB.obviousC.decisiveD.underlying

12.Whenhewasveryyoung，hewasafflictedwithparalysis.

A．troubledB.botheredC.influencedD.stricken

13.Shewasstillwritingawayfuriouslywhenthebellwent.

A．continuallyB.hardC.easilyD.continuously

14.AgooddictionaryisindispensableforlearningEnglish.

A.indifferentB.indivisibleC.essentialD.elective

15.Thesevereearthquakedamagedbuildingsaswellaspublicorpersonalpropertyinthem.

A．materialsB.substancesC.possessionsD.qualities

16.AtfirstIwasn'

tabletoidentifymybrotherinthecrowdashehadchangedsomuchsincehisdeparture.

A．makeupB.makeoutC.makeforD.makein

17.Somepeoplepersistinthepracticeofsomeveryoldcustomsortraditionsjustbecausetheyenjoydoingso.

A．endureB.supportC.sticktoD.continuein

18.TheteachertoldstoriesaboutWashingtonandLincolninrespecttotheimportanceofbeinghonest.

A．inconnectionwithB.incaseof

C．alongwithD.togetherwith

19.Beinginfamousforhisdishonestyinbusinessmatters，themanhadfewfriends.

A．freshB.immediateC.notoriousD.famous

20.Hewasverycarefulinwhateverhedidlestsomethingunfavourablemightbewrittenintohisrecord.

A．ifonlyB.forfearthatC.unlessD.otherwise

PartIIClozeTest（20minutes,10points,1pointeach）

Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthechoicesgivenbelow.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetbydrawingwithapencilashortbaracrossthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.

Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebases__21__thedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobe__22__inourpastexperience,whicharebroughtintothepresent__23__memory.

Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeep__24__availableforlateruse.Itincludesnotonly"

remembering"

thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryis__25__whenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedsomethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.Memoryisalsoinvolvedwhenasix-year-olechildlearnstoswingabaseballbat.

Memory__26__notonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememory-storagecapacityofacomputer__27__thatofahumanbeing.Theinstant-accessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100000"

words"

--readyfor__28__use.AnaverageAmericanteenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningsofabout100000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotal__29__ofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffactsandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblem-solvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson'

smemoryisintermsofwordsand__30__ofwords.

21.A.ofB.toC.forD.on

22.A.keepB.foundC.soughtD.stored

23.A.byB.fromC.withD.in

24.A.experiencesB.basesC.observationsD.information

25.A.calledB.takenC.involvedD.included

26.A.existsB.appearsC.affectsD.seems

27.A.toB.withC.againstD.for

28.A.progressiveB.instructiveC.instantD.protective

29.A.dealB.numberC.mountD.amount

30.A.combinationsB.connectionsC.co-ordinationsD.collections

PartIIIReadingComprehension（60minutes,40points）

SectionA（30points,1.5pointseach）

Inthisparttherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswers.ChoosetheoneyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyourchoiceontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Questions31-35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Allalongthechainofbiologicalevolution,theextinctionofspeciesappearstohavebeenastageintheprocessofadaptinggeneticlineagestochangingenvironmentalconditions.Althoughsomecatastrophicextinctionoccurrednaturally,producingtotallossofageneticline,suchcatastropheswerecomparativelyrare.Inmoderntimes,however,humanactivitieshavealteredthefundamentalnatureofthisprocess,resultinginnearlytotalgeneticlosses.

Itisnotdifficulttogaingeneralagreementthatman-inducedincreasesintheendangermentandextinctionofwildlife-whetherduetohabitatalterationorloss,pollution,insufficientlyregulatedhunting,orotherfactors-areundesirable.Itis,however,moredifficulttoobtainconsensuswhenconsiderationisgiventotheeconomiccostsofcorrectingsuchtrends,includingnaturalhabitatpreservation,regulationofpesticidesandothertoxicsubstances,andwildlifeandparkmanagement.Endangeredspeciesoftenare,ineffect,competitorswithhumansforhabitatandotherresourceswhichalsoprovideotherkindsofhumanusesandneeds.

Measuresneededtoprotectendangeredspeciesvaryconsiderablyindifficultyandcost.Oftheapproximately400invertebratespecieswhichatpresentappeartobethreatened,forexample,aboutone-thirdcouldprobablyberestoredbysuchinexpensivemeansasmodifyingtheboundariesofdesignatednaturalareas,acquiringandprotectingcavesandothersmallareaswhichcontaintheparticularspecies,andadditionalmanagementofparksandrefuges.

Anotherone-thirdoftheendangeredloweranimalspeciesarethreatenedprincipallybywaterpollutionandcouldbeprotectedbyimprovedcontrol,particularlyoffivesouthernrivers.

Theremainingone-thirdofthe400endangeredshellfishspecieswouldbeconsiderablymoredifficulttoprotect.Thesearethreatenedbycomplexfactors,suchasovercorrecting,channelization,highwayandhousingdevelopment,dams,introducedspeciessuchastheAsiansnail,dredging,quarrywashing,poorerosioncontrol,andloweringofwatertables.

Theidentificationofthreatenedspeciesandothersignificantwildlifetrendsmustprecedeanycorrectivemeasures,andourknowledgebaseformakingsuchidentificationisdeficientinmanyrespects.Ourpresentlistsofthreatenedspeciesandsubspeciesareknowntobeincomplete,exceptinthosegeographicalareaswhichcontainhabitatsofspeciesthathaveimportantcommercialorsportsharvestvalue.

31.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing________.

A.thecatastrophesinhistorywhichcausedtheextinctionoftotalspecies

B.thewaystoprotectendangeredspecies

C.thecharacteristicsofthreatenedspecies

D.thesignificanceofprotectingthreatenedspecies

32.What'

stheauthor'

sattitudetowardtheviewthatitiscatastrophesthatresultinthetotalgeneticlosses?

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Enthusiastic.

33.Withwhichifthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

A.Peoplehaven'

trealizedtheimpactofhumanactivitiesontheextinctionofwildlife.

B.Itisdifficultforpeopletoagreetoprotectendangeredspeciesatconsiderableecono