英语常见词缀总结.doc
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英语常见词缀总结
1.名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:
做某件事情或职业的人或物:
worker,debtor
2)-acy,表示“性质,状态,境遇”democracy,accuracy,diplomacy
3)-ance,-ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience
4)-ancy,-ency,表示“性质,状态,行为,过程”frequency,urgency,efficiency,
5)-bility,表示“动作,性质,状态”possibility,flexibility,feasibility,
6)-dom,表示“等级,领域,状态”freedom,kingdom,wisdom
7)-hood,表示"资格,身份,年纪,状态"childhood,manhood,
8)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示“行为的过程,结果,状况”action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction
9)-ism,表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为”socialism,criticism,,heroism
10)-ity,表示“性质,状态,程度”purity,reality,ability
11)-ment,表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果”treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument
12)-ness,表示“性质,状态,程度”goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness
13)-ship,表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship,membership,friendship
14)-th,表示“动作,性质,过程,状态”depth,wealth,truth,length,growth
15)-tude,表示“性质,状态,程度”latitude,altitude(海拔)
16)-ure,表示“行为,结果”exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续),
17-grapy,表示“……学,写法”biography,calligraphy,geography
18)-ic,ics,表示“……学……法”logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics
19)-ology,表示“……学……论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy,表示“……学……术”astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)
2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able,-ible,visible,flexible
2)-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish是动词)
3)-ive,active,sensitive,productive
4)-like,manlike,childlike
5)-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly
6)-some,troublesome,handsome
7)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful
8)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various
9)-ent,violent
10)-most,foremost,topmost顶端的
11)-alnaturalnational
11)less,表示否定,countless,stainless,wireless
3.动词后缀
1)-ize,ise,表示“做成,变成,……化”modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize使系统化
2)-en,表示“使成为,引起,使有”quicken,weaken,soften,harden
3)-fy,表示“使……化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify
4)-ish,表示“使,令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish
5)-ate,表示“成为……,处理,作用”separate,operate,indicate
4.副词后缀
(形容词)-ly:
bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wise:
clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地
-wards:
out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地
5.否定前缀
dis-主要加在名词、形容词,动词之前,dis-为否定前缀的词有:
disadvantage缺点、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意,dislike,
in-常加在形容词,名词之前,如incorrect不正确的、inability无能无力、inaccurate不准确的等;
im-加在字母m,b,p之前,这样的词有impossible不顺能的、impolite不礼貌的
il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边,比如:
illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的没有文化的、illogical不合逻辑的;
ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面,比如:
irregular不稳定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的不能解决的;
un-主要放于名词,形容词,副词前面,常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业;unfriendly
non-加在形容词、名词前,这样以non-为否定前缀的词有non-existence不存在;non-smoking禁止吸烟的
而mis-加在动词、名词前,例词misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune不幸;
dis-加在动词之前,例词有disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系;disagree不同意,disappear,discover
anti-加在名词、形容词前边。
最常见的是anti-Japanese抗日战争、anti-social厌恶社会的反社--会的,anti-black