博士生考试考博英语写作指导附范文35篇Word下载.docx
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符合英语表达的习惯、语法错误较少、语言基本功扎实,最终避免中式英语。
二作文的评分标准及样卷介绍
14分:
内容符合要求,包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容;
语言流畅;
层次分明,句式有变化。
词汇丰富,句子结构和用词准确,文章长度符合要求。
11分:
内容符合要求,包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容;
文字连贯,句式有一定变化,句子结构和用词无重大错误,文章长度符合要求。
8分:
内容符合要求,包括了标题或提纲中多数内容;
基本清楚表达的主题的内涵;
句子结构和用词有少量错误,个别是大错。
文章长度符合要求。
5分:
内容基本切题,基本表达了标题或提纲中的内容;
文字连贯,语言可以理解,但有较多的结构和用词错误,且大错较多。
文章长度基本符合要求。
2分:
基本切题,但语句支离破碎,只有少数句子可以理解。
0分:
文不切题。
只将预先背诵的某篇文章默写下来,或语句混乱,无法理解。
附:
14分样卷
Topic:
WithherentryintoWTO,Chinaisbeingplungedintoaninternationalcompetitionfortalents,andinparticular,forhigher-leveltalents.Tofacethisnewchallenge,Chinamustdosomething,amongotherthings,toreformhergraduate(postgraduate)educationsystem.Stateyouropinionaobutthisreform,andgivethesolidsupportingdetailstoyourviewpoint.
WithChina’sentryintoWTO,sheisfacingalotofchancesandchallengesinmanyaspects.Asfarastalentsareconcerned,Chinaisbeingplungedintoaninternationalcompetitionfortalents,especiallyforhigher-leveltalents.Inordertoadaptthisnewchallenge,Chinamustdosomething,amongotherthings,toreformhergraduateeducationsystem.
Inmyopinion,wemustmakesomereformandadjustmentingraduateeducationsysteminmanyaspectsasfollows.Firstofall,fromtheviewofthegovernment,itmustadjustitspolicyofusingtalents,especiallyhigher-leveltalents.Forexample,itmayprovidemanyprivilegesforthem.
Secondly,fortheviewpointoftheuniversities,theyshouldadjusttheirconstructureofcurriculum.Theyshouldpaymoreattentiontothecultivationofgraduate’scapability.Theyshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestodirecttheireducationalgoalfromexam-orientededucationtoeducationforall-rounddevelopment.Finally,asfaraspersonnelisconcerned,astudentshouldpaymoreattentiontothelearningofallkindsofknowledgetomeettheneedsofsociety.
Inaword,itishightimethatwereformedthegraduateeducationsystem.Ifwedonotmakesomechangesinthegraduateeducationsystem,wemaybefailureintheinternationalcompetition.Sowemustreformourgraduateeducationsystem.(219words)
点评:
该文紧扣主题,结构严谨,内容充实,语言流畅,句式变化多样。
虽有个别小错,但英语表达能力较强,长度符合要求。
万能框架
Asisimpliedinthetable(orcartoon)andwellknowntoallofus,…Take…inthetable(cartoon)forexample,it’s…forthe…to…Butwhen…
Ontheotherhand,theredoexistsome…that…Theyaremakingallpossiblemeansto…andtryingtheirbestto…Comparedwithwhatthose…,It’sapitythat…Andwhat’smore,withthedeepeningandfurtheringofourcountry’sopeningandreforming,more…areallowedto…WithChinaenteringtheWTO,…arealsopermittedto…Ifstillblindtothis,the…issureto…So,it’surgentandessentialfor…toanalyze…morerationallyandmustkeepinmindthat…shouldneverbeunheard.
Althoughtheconditionisunsatisfactorynow,withtheawarenessofthe…inthetable(orcartoon)andallthesocietyefforts,improvementandanevenbrighterfuturearenotonlypossiblebutalsoinevitable.
三历年考试中存在的典型问题分析
1.不会审题,偏离主题。
2.汉语思维,逐字翻译。
常见考生用汉语构思文章,同时将汉语句子硬译成英语。
3.用词搭配不当。
4.词汇量小,表达困难,拼写错误。
5.句法逻辑关系混乱。
例如:
OurEnglishclassoftentoldstories.正确的应是:
StoriesareoftentoldonourEnglishclass.
6.不会用关联词转承上下句和段落。
关联词即过渡词,使用过渡词,可使上下句子和段落合理衔接,承上启下,使表达合乎逻辑,常见过渡词如asfaras,however,well,though,inspiteof。
7.语法错误。
主要表现为:
(1)分不清及物与不及物动词,例如:
rise,raise;
hear,listen
(2)被动语态和主动语态的误用,例如:
interesting和interested
(3)词类混淆,将动词或形容词误用作名词,将名词或动词误用作形容词,例如:
benefit和beneficial;
difficult和difficulty;
pleasure和pleased等。
(4)混淆可数名词和不可数名词,例如:
help,practice等。
(5)冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误,例如:
aEnglishbook,shoulddid,mustdone等。
四.如何写出漂亮的文章
文章要内容切题,表达清楚,意思连贯,语言比较规范。
这就要求考生在写作时,把握如下方面:
1.统一性(Unity)
内容切题,实际上就是要求文章统一性。
所谓统一性,就是指短文必须围绕着主题扩展,不能多中心。
统一性表现在句子、段落和篇章三个层次上。
我们写汉语文章的要求是首先不能跑题,实际上就是对统一性的要求。
2.连贯性(Coherence)
指句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的衔接要自然通畅,主要体现在文章的逻辑发展顺序和过渡词语的运用上。
1)逻辑顺序
按照时间先后,或空间位置的相互关系,我们可以写出眉目清晰、符合逻辑的段落或文章。
叙述文体多采用时间顺序,描写文体中空间顺序更常见。
高潮形成系指按照其重要性或严重性安排各个发展点(指段落)或发展段(指文章)的顺序,这种语篇发展方法在描写、叙述、说明和议论文中均常出现。
英语语篇的逻辑顺序安排一般是先谈最次要的内容,继而谈较为重要的内容,最后再谈最重要的内容,从而形成文章高潮。
2)过渡词语的运用——语篇的外在连贯手段
有时,单靠逻辑上的连贯对英语语篇来说是很不够的,因而过渡词语的运用必不可少。
汉语的连贯属于“意合”,英语的连贯属“形合”,而借助过渡词语取得语篇的连贯是形合法最突出的特点。
所以,在英语文章内,诸如等过渡词语特别多。
它们的运用挑明了句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的关系,使文章更加显得连贯。
由于受汉语“意合”的影响,中国学生常忽略过渡词语的运用。
所以中国学生在进行英语写作时必须对此给以足够的重视。
3.语言规范
语言的规范涉及面广。
小至遣词造句,大到语篇结构,无不体现语言使用的质量。
根据近年博士生入学英语考试的作文试卷统计,许多考生未熟练掌握造句技能甚至不能保证单词拼写正确、句子无重大语法错误。
因此要多读多看英语报刊和原著,从中学习语言用法,没有仔细阅读过、理解过的东西千万不要在作文中使用,切忌中国式英语。
第二部分考博英语35篇范文
ProgramandTheirEffectonchildren
Televisionprogramsregularlyentertain,educate,effectandevenfrightenthemajorityofourchildren.Mostchildrenareallowedtowatchwhateverprogramison,withlittlethoughtontheeffectthatparticularshowwillhaveonachild.Mostprogramscanbeclassedasbeneficialorharmful,accordingtowhateffecttheprogrammighthaveonachild.
Thebeneficialtelevisionprogramsaremainlythousethateducatetheyoung.Thereareoftenspecialsonanimallife.Afewregularchildren’sprogramsdevelopthechild’sinterestinschool-typelearningbystressingnumbersandthealphablt,andthatencourageshimorhertobecreative.Thebeneficialcommercials,suchasthoseonanti-smoking,anti-litter,andhealth,shouldbeincludedinthiscategory.
Ontheoppositesidearetheshows,whicharegenerallyharmfultochildren.Manycommercials,especiallythosesponsoringthechildren’sprograms,aredeliberatelywrittentocreateadesireforanunnecessaryproductsuchassugarcoatedcerealsandcandy.Alladultprogramsthatincludeviolenceorsexscenescanatbestfillachild’smindwithconfusingormisleadingideas,andcouldpossiblyhardenthechildtoviolence.
Thoughtfulparentswilldefinitelynotallowtheirchildrentoviewthebadprograms.Achild’sviewingtimeshouldbelimitedtowatchingeducationllybeneficalprograms.
2.HowtoSolvetheHousingProbleminBigCities
Withthedevelopmentofmodernindustryu,moreandmorepeopleareflowingintobigcities.Accordingly,thehousingprobleminbigcitiesisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.
Peoplehaveofferedmanysolutionstothisproblem.Ithinkbuildingsatellitecitiesinthesuburbsismorepractical.Thefreshairandbeautifulsecneryinthesuburbswillbeappealingtothecitycitizens,whosufferfromairpollution,noises,etc.intheovercrowdedcity.Withmorepeopleleavingthecity,morespacewillbeavailableforthoseremaining.Thehousinmgprobleminbigcitieswillthusbesolved.
3.“Theyoungergeneratonknowsbest”
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentsismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthantiistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheideasoftheirelders.Events,whichtheoldergenerationremembersvividly,arenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheoneprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.
Theoldalwaysassumethatytheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Theytakeleavetodoubtthattheoldergenerationhascreatedthebestofallpossibleworlds.Whattheyrejectmorethananythingisconformity.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibilityAndwhataboutclothingWhosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircutsIfweturnourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeansWhosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeansWhosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeansWhyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolventheirproblemsWhyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessionsCananythingberightwiththerat—raceHaven’ttheoldlosttouchwithallthatisimportantinlife
Therearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguilance.Today,thesituationmightreversed.Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisuretoshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpressedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb:
theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisedthattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanityofthegenerationthatbequeathedit
4.PublicTransportation
Aspartofdomesticmodernization,publictransportationneeds