英语专业四级阅读新题型Word格式文档下载.docx

英语专业四级阅读新题型Word格式文档下载.docx

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Takingaparagraphandchangingwords，I'

vedonethatbefore;

itwasn'

tabigdeal，"

hedecidedfinally."

AslongasIcanmanipulateittobemywords，changeafew,it'

snotcheating."

　　UnderthehonourcodehesignedwhenheenteredDukeUniversitylastyear，itis.Butformanycollegestudents，theonce-clearlinesthatdefinecheatinghavefaded.Somecollegesanduniversitieshaveresortedtosophisticatedsearchenginestoferretoutcheats.Butanincreasingnumberisturningtosomethingdecidedlymorelow-tech:

theirhonourcodes.Somecampusesareadoptingcodesforthefirsttime.Others，amongthemDuke，acknowledgingthattheircodeshaveexistedmostlyinnameonly，arerewritingandmoreaggressivelyenforcingthem.

　　Cheatinghasbecomesocommon，expertssay，thatitoftengoesunreportedandunpunished.Surveysshownotonlythatthereismorecheatingthesedaysbutalsothatstudentsandteachersalikehavebecomemoreacceptingofsomepracticesonceconsideredoutofbounds.OnesuchsurveywasperformedfortheCentreforAcademicIntegrity,anorganizationbasedatDukethathelpscreatehonourcodes.Inthatsurvey，27percentofstudentsquestionedduringthe2001-2academicyearsaidthatfalsifyinglaboratorydatahappened"

oftenorveryoften"

oncampus.

　　Thenewhonourcodesaimtopunishmorewhilealsoforcingstudentsandfacultymemberstothinkaboutthekindsofoffensesthatconstitutecheating.Atlargeuniversitiesandsmallliberalartscollegesalike,educatorstalkaboutrestoringa"

cultureofhonour."

　　"

It'

sapsychologicaleffect:

ifpeopleexpectyoutobehonourable，youaremorelikelytorespondwithhonourablebehavior，"

saidNannerlO.Keohane，thepresidentofDuke.

　　AtDuke，anew"

communitystandard"

foracademicintegritywilltakeeffectnextfall.

　　Underit，thefacultywillnolongerhavetoproctorexams，butstudentswillfacepunishmentiftheyseecheatinganddonotreportit.Facultymemberswillhavegreaterpowertodisciplinefirst-timecheats，authoritythattheuniversityhopeswillencouragethemtoconfrontoffenders.

　　Questions:

　　1.Howtofindstudentcheats?

　　2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoneofthestudents'

honourcodesmightbe"

__________"

.

　　3.Thephrase"

outofbounds"

probablymeans__________.

　　4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Policemen,bothinBritainandtheUnitedStates,hardlyrecognizeanylikenessbetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.

Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'

sreallifecentersroundthelaw.Mostofhistrainingisincriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,runningdownasalleyaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.

　　Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyornotofstupid,pettycrimes.

　　Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutthecriminal.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackwherefailuretoproduceresultsreflectsonthestandingofthepolice—littleeffortisspentonsearching.Thepolicehaveawell-designedmachinerywhicheventuallyshowsupmostwantedmen.

　　Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.Muchofthishastobegivenbypeoplewhodon'

twanttogetinvolvedinacourtcase.So,aswellasbeingoverworked,adetectivehastobeoutatallhoursofthedayandnightinterviewinghiswitnessesandpersuadingthemtohelphim.

　　Athirdbigdifferenceistheunpleasantmoraltwilightinwhichtherealonelives.Detectivesaresubjecttotwoopposingpressures:

firstly,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehavewithabsolutelegality:

secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.

　　Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindednessasheseesit,ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,lawmakers,andjudges,whoinsteadofstampingoutcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatninetenthsoftheirworkisrecatchingpeoplewhohavestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical.

1.Itisessentialforapolicemantobetrainedincriminallawbecause___

　　2.Theeverydaylifeofapolicemanordetectiveis___

　　3.Whenmurdersandterroristattackoccurthepolice____

　　4.Therealdetectivelivesin“anunpleasantmoraltwilight"

because___

　　5.Detectivesarerathercynicalbecause__

　（3）　Shoppingforclothesisnotthesameexperienceforamanasitisforawoman.Amangoesshoppingbecauseheneedssomething.Hispurposeissettledanddecidedinadvance.Heknowswhathewants,andhisobjectiveistofinditandbuyit;

thepriceisasecondaryconsideration.Allmensimplywalkintoashopandasktheassistantforwhattheywant.Iftheshophasitinstock,thesalesmanpromptlyproducesit,andthebusinessoftryingitonproceedsatonce.Allbeingwell,thedealcanbeandofteniscompletedinlessthanfiveminutes,withhardlyanychatandtoeveryone'

ssatisfaction.Foraman,slightproblemsmaybeginwhentheshopdoesnothavewhathewants,ordoesnothaveexactlywhathewants.Inthatcasethesalesman,asthenameimplies,triestosellthecustomersomethingelse,heoffersthenearesthecantothearticlerequired.Nogoodsalesmanbringsoutsuchasubstitutewithoutleastconsideration;

hedoessowithskillandpolish:

“Iknowthisjacketisnotthestyleyouwant,sir,butwouldyouliketotryitforsize.Ithappenstobethecoloryoumentioned."

Fewmenhavepatiencewiththistreatment,andtheusualresponseis:

“ThisistherightcolorandmaybetherightsizebutIshouldbewastingmytimeandyoursbytryingiton.

　　Nowhowdoesawomengoaboutbuyingclothes?

Inalmosteveryrespectshedoessointheoppositeway.Hershoppingisnotoftenbasedonneed.Shehasneverfullymadeuphermindwhatshewants,andsheisonly“havingalookround"

.Sheisalwaysopentopersuasion:

indeedshesetsgreatstorebywhatthesaleswomantellsher,evenbywhatcompanionstellher.Shewilltryonanynumberofthings.Uppermostinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthateveryonethinkssuitsher.Contrarytoalotofjokes,mostwomenhaveanexcellentsenseofvaluewhentheybuyclothes.Theyarealwaysonthelookoutfortheunexpectedbargain.Facedwitharoomfulofdresses,awomanmayeasilyspendanhourgoingfromonerailtoanother,toandfrooftenretracinghersteps,beforeselectingthedressesshewantstotryon.Itisatiresomeprocess,butapparentlyanenjoyableone.Mostdressshopsprovidechairsforthewaitinghusbands.

　　1.Whatdoesamanusuallydowhenheisbuyingclothes?

　　2.Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutwomenshoppersforclothes?

　　3.Whatdoesamandowhenhecannotgetexactlywhathewants?

　　4.Manyjokesmakefunofwomenshoppersbysayingthat

　　5.Whatisthemostobviousdifferencebetweenmenandwomenshoppers?

　（4）Formanywomenchoosingwhethertoworkornottoworkoutsidetheirhomeisaluxury:

theymustworktosurvive.Othersfaceaharddecision.

　　Perhapstheeasiestchoicehastodowitheconomics.Onehusbandsaid,MargeandIdecidedaftercarefulconsiderationthatforhertogobacktoworkatthismomentwasanextravagancewecouldn’tafford.Withtwopreschoolchildren,itsoonbecameclearintheirfiguringthatwithbabysitters,transportation,andincreasedtaxes,ratherthanhavingmoremoney,theymightactuallyendupwithless.

　　Economicfactorsareusuallythefirsttobeconsidered,buttheyarenotthemostimportant.Themostimportantaspectsofthedecisionhavetodowiththeemotionalneedsofeachmemberofthefamily.Itisinthisareathathusbandsandwivesfindthemselveshavingtofacemanyconfusingandconflictingfeelings.

　　Therearemanywomenwhofindthathomemakingisboringorwhofeelimprisonediftheyhavetostayhomewithayoungchildorseveralchildren.Ontheotherhand,therearewomenwhothinkthathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction.

　　Frommyownexperience.Iwouldliketosuggestthatsometimethedecisiontogobacktoworkismadeintoomuchhaste.TherearefewdecisionsthatInowregretmore.Iwasn’tmatureenoughtoseehowmuchIcouldhavegainedathome.Iregretmyimpatiencetogetonwithmycareer.IwishIhadallowedmyselftheluxuryofwatchingtheworldthroughmylittlegirl’seyes.

　　71.Whichwordinthefirsttowparagraphsbestexplainswhymanywomenhavetowork?

　　72.WhydidMargeandherhusbandthinkitanextravaganceforMargetogobacktowork?

　　73.Whatarethetwomajorconsiderationsindecidingwhetherwomenshouldgoouttowork?

　　74.Somewomenwouldratherdohouseworkandtakecareoftheirchildrenthanpursueacareerbecausetheyfeel________.

　　75.Ifgivenasecondchance,thewriterwouldprobablychooseto________.

（5）Would-belanguageteacherseverywherehaveonethingincommon:

theyallwantsomerecognition