积极心理学课件-05-change.ppt

积极心理学课件-05-change.ppt

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ChangeTheNatureofChangeChangeishardTwinresearch（Lykken&Tellegan,1996）Affectiveforecasting（Gilbert,1998）Cambridge-SomervillestudyChangeispossibleErroroftheaverageTheexceptionprovestheruleTheAnatomyofChangeNeuroplasticity（Davidson,2000）Neuralpathways（channels）Self-reinforcingHabitsasfortifiedpathwaysHealthyandUnhealthyPathwaysNegativechannelsPositivechannelsSametrigger,differentresponseTrans-formingthebrainTwoTypesofChangeGradualapproachAcuteapproachNeitherisquick-fix“Thebeliefthatwecanrelyonshortcutstogratificationandbypasstheexerciseofpersonalstrengthsandvirtuesisfolly.Itleads.tolegionsofhumanitywhoaredepressedinthemiddleofgreatwealthandarestarvingtodeathspiritually.”MartinSeligmanButdoIreallywanttochange?

（Langer&Thompson1989）RigidityGullibilityGrimnessPerfectionismWorry/anxietyGuiltSimplifyFault-findingHappinessConsistencyTrustworthinessSeriousnessDrive/ambitionResponsibilityEmpathy/sensitivityLoseedgeRealismNopainnogainAmorenuancedunderstandingofwhatchangeLearning（andapplying）YourABCsAffectBehaviorCognitionNeedallthreeHappiness=Geneticsetrange+Externalcircumstances+Intentionalactivities（ABC）Affect:

OurEmotionsGradualChange:

MindfulnessMeditation“Cultivatingmindfulnesscanleadtothediscoveryofdeeprealmsofrelaxation,calmness,andinsightwithinyourself.Thepathtoitinanymomentliesnofartherthanyourownbodyandmindandyourownbreathing.”JonKabatt-Zin“Allofushavethecapacitytobemindful.Allitinvolvesiscultivatingourabilitytopayattentioninthepresentmoment.”JonKabatt-Zin“Mindfulnessmeansseeingthingsastheyare,withouttryingtochangethem.Thepointistodissolveourreactionstodisturbingemotions,beingcarefulnottorejecttheemotionitself.”TaraBennett-GolemanAcuteChangePostTraumaticStressDisorder（PTSD）Widespread（SocietyforNeuroscience）Creatingnewpathways（shocktreatment）Posttraumaticgrowth（Tedeschi&Calhoun）Isthereapositiveequivalenttotrauma?

Canasinglepositiveexperiencecreateapositivechannelthatwillleadtoapermanentincreaseinwell-being,calm,andpositivememories?

AcuteChangeThroughPeakExperienceAcuteChangeThroughPeakExperience“Thetermpeakexperiencesisageneralizationforthebestmomentsofthehumanbeing,forthehappiestmomentsoflife,forexperiencesofecstasy,rapture,bliss,ofthegreatestjoy.Ifoundthatsuchexperiencescamefromprofoundaestheticexperiencessuchascreativeecstasies,momentsofmaturelove,perfectsexualexperiences,parentallove,experiencesofnaturalchildbirth,andmanyothers.”AbrahamMaslowPeakexperienceaspositivetraumaPostPeakExperienceOrder（PPEO）“Peakexperiencesoftenhaveconsequences.Theycandothesamethereaspsychotherapy,ifonekeepshisgoalsright,andifoneknowsjustwhatheisabout,andifoneisconsciousofwhatheisgoingtoward.Wecancertainlytalk,ontheonehand,ofthebreakingupofsymptoms,likethebreakingupofcliches,ofanxieties,orthelike;orontheotherhand,wecantalkaboutthedevelopmentofspontaneity,andofcourage,andofOlympianorGodlikehumorandsuchness,sensoryawareness,bodyawareness,andthelike.”AbrahamMaslowPeakexperiencescanleadtoanewbrainorderEnhancingthelikelihoodofPEacceptancemindfulnessmusicanddancemeaningfulgoaltakingtimeEnhancingthelikelihoodofPPEOreplayingandimaginingjournaling（describing）takingtimetakingactionMakingtheMostofPeakExperiencesBehavior:

TakingActionPermanentChangeAttitudeBehaviorBehaviorChangingAttitudesPOWsinKorea（Schein,1956）CognitiveDissonance（Festinger,1959）Self-perceptiontheory（Bem,1967）Facialfeedbackhypothesis（Ekman,1983）“Whistlingtokeepupcourageisnomerefigureofspeech.Ontheotherhand,sitalldayinamopingposture,sigh,andreplytoeverythingwithadismalvoice,andyourmelancholylingers.Smooththebrow,brightentheeye,contractthedorsalratherthantheventralaspectoftheframe,andspeakinamajorkey,passthegenialcompliment,andyourheartmustbefrigidindeedifitdoesnotgraduallythaw.”WilliamJamesBehaviorChangingAttitudesPOWsinKorea（Schein,1956）CognitiveDissonance（Festinger,1959）Self-perceptiontheory（Bem,1967）Facialfeedbackhypothesis（Ekman,1983）BodyfeedbackhypothesisOvercomingshyness（Haemmerlie,1987）Fakeittillyoumakeit（Myers,1992）“Thosewhosedeedsexceedtheirwisdom,theirwisdomshallendure;butthosewhosewisdomexceedstheirdeeds,theirwisdomshallnotendure.”ChaptersoftheFathersDanMillmansAdviceonChangeTochangethecourseofyourlife,chooseoneoftwobasicmethods:

1.Youcandirectyourenergyandattentiontowardtryingtofixyourmind,findyourfocus,affirmyourpower,freeyouremotionsandvisualizepositiveoutcomessothatyoucanfinallydeveloptheconfidencetodisplaythecouragetodiscoverthedeterminationtomakethecommitmenttofeelsufficientlymotivatedtodowhatitisyou