大学英语跨文化交际所有CASE答案文档格式.docx

大学英语跨文化交际所有CASE答案文档格式.docx

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WhiteDress

TheIndianwomenmightthinktheweddingceremonyisafuneraliftheysee

thewesternbrideinwhitegown.Thecasereflectsthesimilesandmetaphorsinthetext.Cultureis

likeaniceberg:

wecanidentifythecolorofthedresswornbywomenindifferentcultures,butwe

donotknowthevaluesunderneath.Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin:

peopleweardressof

differentcolorsfordifferentcontextbuttheyusuallytakeitforgrantedandneveraskwhy.

Case3:

TheFrenchinNorthAmerica

TheFrenchwereabletoseeIndianbehavioronlyinthelightoftheirown

hierarchicalsocialsystem,whereitisnaturalforthefewtocommandandthemanytoobey.

Socialsystemsthatworkedonotherprincipleswereliterallyunimaginable.

Case4:

Coconut-skating

Thecasereflectsthecharacteristicsofculture.Wecantellfromthecasethat

cultureispervasiveandit’slearned.Peoplemayinventdifferentwaysforthingsevenassimpleas

theissueoffloormoping.ThePhilippinewomanmusthavelearnedthiswayofmoppingfromher

ownculture.

Case5:

ABlackGirl’sIdentity

Althoughwemaysaythatidentitiesareconstitutedbyourcommunication,it

isobviousfromthecasethatwecannotsimplychooseatanymomentwhatouridentitywillbe

regardlessofthecontext.First,weoftendonotsharetherecipeforcertainidentitieswithothers

evenifwebelongtothesameethnicity,gender,ornationality.Understandingthiscanhelpus

avoidsomeofthebroadassumptionsmadeaboutgroupsofpeoplebasedonthereflectivewayof

thinking.Second,aswelearnedintheveryfirstchapter,allmeaningincommunicationistosome

extentsituational.Thus,thecontextmediateswhatidentitieswecanchoose.Sometimesthings

onemayhavenocontrolover,suchasageorskincolor,areseenasessentialpartsofhowone

communicatesanidentity.

Case6

Hippies

Hippiescouldbedefinedasasubgroup,asthehippiesculturetendstobe

temporary.InmodernAmericansociety,hippiesculturecouldalsofindtraits,butithaswide

spreadinfluenceonAmericanvaluesystem.

Case7

CleanuptheBathroom!

Culturaldifferencesdecidethetwostudentsaregoingtocommunicatein

differentways.TheChinesestudentwantstheAmericanstudenttounderstandtheunderlying

meansofhiswords,buttheAmericanstudentisusedtothedirectstyleofcommunication.Thisis

decidedbyculture.InChineseculture,peoplewanttosavefaceofboththemselvesandothers,so

theywouldnotexpresstheirideasdirectly.However,intheUnitedStates,unlessyouexpress

yourselfclearlyanddirectly,theotherscannotunderstandyou.

Case8:

SheHasThreeHands

ThiscasecanreflectthedifferentcommunicationstylesbetweenChineseandCanadians.In

westerncultures,communicationisthemeansoftransmittingideas.Westernpeopleusually

communicatedirectlywitheachother.ThatiswhytheCanadianinthiscasesayswhatisinhis

minddirectlyinfrontoftheChinesewomanwithouthidinganything.WhileChineseculture

stressesharmonyandemphasizestherelationshipsbetweenthecommunicators.Chinesepeople

viewcommunicationasaprocesswhereallpartiesaresearchingtodevelopandmaintainasocial

relationship.SotheChinesewomaninthiscasetriesnottoarguewiththeCanadianfacetofaceto

keepthe“harmoniousrelationship”betweenthem.

Case9:

APieceofCake

Thiscasewantsustorecognizesomecomponentsofcommunication.Sender/sourcerefersto

thepersonwhotransmitsamessage.Receiverisanypersonwhonoticesandgivessomemeaning

toamessage.Contextreferstoasettingorsituationwithinwhichcommunicationtakesplace.In

thiscase,MarilynandRichardaresimultaneouslythesendersandreceivers.Andtheirroom,

wherethecommunicationeventhappensandwhichmakesthecouplefeelcomfortableand

relaxed,isjustthecontext.

Case10:

ThePlacetoHaveLunch

Thiscasereflectsthatcommunicationiscontextual,whichmeansthatcommunicationdoes

nothappeninisolationanditmusthappenwithinasettingorcontext.Whetherthiscontextis

quietornoisyisimportanttothesmoothnessofcommunication.Whenthecommunicationevent

isdisturbedbynoise,thecommunicationcannotgosmoothly.Inthiscase,

Case11:

MakinganAppointment

Thiscasecanreflecthowcultureaffectsitscommunicationstyle.Eachcultureencouragesa

particularcommunicationstyleexpectedwithinit.Thisimpliesnotonlyusingcorrectsymbols,

butalsoapplyingtheappropriatecommunicationstylefortheoccasion.Communicationstyles

includemannerisms,phrases,rituals,andcommunicationcustomsappropriateforvarious

situationsinaculture.Inthiscase,knowingthecommunicationstyleoftheAmericanswhichis

characterizedbydirect,exactingandinstrumental,theexportermanagerfulfillshisjob

successfully.

Case12:

WhyDon’tYouEatthePizza?

Thiscasecanreflecttheproblemsappearingduringinterculturalcommunicationandhow

ignoringculturaldifferencescanaffectcommunication.InMalaysia,wheremostpeopleare

Muslims,peoplethinkthelefthandisusedonlyforcleaningthebodyandthusitisdirtyandcan

notbeusedtopassfood.Knowingnothingabouttheculturaldifference,theAmericanstudent

putshimselfinanembarrassingsituation.

Case13:

WeandThey?

Thiscasereflectsthatininterculturalcommunication,peoplealwaysregardthemselvesasthe

bestgroupintheworld.Thisisactuallyinappropriateandshouldbeavoided.

Case14:

PerceptionofWar

Thiscasecanreflectdifferentculturescangivedifferentinfluencesonhumanperception.

Peoplecanhaveverydifferentperceptionsevenonthesameobjectorphenomenonbecausethey

havedifferentculturesandarelivinginthedifferentsocialrealities.Inthiscase,JimandOlga

haveverydifferentattitudesandperceptionstowardshistoricaleventsbecausetheirnations’

differentexperiencesandhistories.

Case15:

ObservationsonaSoldier

Thiscasecanreflectthebasicmodelofhumanperception.Humanbeingisequippedtosense

theoutsidestimuliandperceivetheoutsideworld.Andtheperceptionfollowsacertain

model—afterbeinggainedthroughthefivebasicsenses,informationisprocessedthrough

selection,organizationandinterpretation.Inthiscase,SherlockHolmesandMycroftdid

observationsonthesoldieraccordingtothebasicmodelofhumanperception.Theyselectedsome

usefulinformationwhichtheygainedfromoutsideworldthroughtheirfivebasicsenses,

organizeditinareasonablelogicandthenattachedmeaningstoit.

Case16:

DifferentResponsestoNoise

Thiscasecanreflectdifferentculturecangivedifferentinfluencesonhumansensation.Notwoof

peoplecanassumethattheirsensationsarethesame,especiallywhentheycomefromdifferentcultures.

Differentsocialrealityandlivingconditionscanequipthemwithdifferentwaytosensetheworld.Soitis

verycommonforthemtohavetotallydifferentsensationseventowardsthesamecondition.Inthiscase,

theGermanprofessorandJapaneseprofessorhaveverydifferentresponsetothenoiseproduced

bythesamemotorfortheheatingsystembecauseoftheirculturesandlivinghabits.

Case17:

WhatIsBlack?

Thiscasecanreflectwehavesomebarrierstoaccurateperceptioninintercultural

communication.Wehavetheabilitytoperceivetheoutsideworld,butwecannotalwaysgetthe

accurateperceptions,especiallywhenwedotheperceptiononothercultures,weoftengivethe

inaccurateandnegativeperceptions.Inthiscase,ondiscussingtheimpersonalcolor“black”,we

givesomanybadandnegativemeaningswhileblackpupilscangivesomeobjectivedescriptions

andassociationsaboutthecolor.Thebarrierscanincludeignoringdetails,over-generalizing,

holdingontopreconceptionsandstereotypesimposingconsistency,preconnectingcausesandeffects,

preferringsimpleexplanations,ignoringcircumstances,creditingirrelevantinformationandfocusingon

thenegative.

Case18:

ArePerceptionsAlwaysRight?

Thiscasecanreflectourperceptionsonoutsideworldarenotalwaysright,especiallywhen

wedoperceptionsonothercultures.Weusuallyperceiveothersaccordingtoourownculture.

Thiscanleadtoineffectiveinterculturalcommunication.InthiscasePatandChrisgave

inaccurateandnegativeperceptionsonAkiraandMichikojustbecauseoftheir

IrresponsiblejudgmentandtheyalsogavecompletelypositiveperceptionsonMariejustbecause

oftheirsimpleexpectations.Inordertoavoidtheinaccurateperceptions,weneedsomeskills,

includingincreaseyourunderstandingoftheperceptualprocess;

increaseyourobservationalacuity;

recognizetheelementstowhichyouattributemeaning;

checkyourperceptions;

increaseyourAwareness

ofperceptualinaccuraciesandcompensateforthem;

increaseyourawarenessofothers’perceptions

ofyou;

anddevelopsocialdecentering,empathy,andother-orientation.

Case20:

ChineseHospitality—Ove