备考高考高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目附答案Word文件下载.docx

备考高考高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目附答案Word文件下载.docx

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NationalWildlifeFederation（NWF）

Foundedofficiallyin1937,theNationalWildlifeFederationtriestoprotectwildlifeatallcosts.Infact,theybelievethathavingthepubliceducatedisthebestwaytohelptheenvironment—-themoreyouknow,themoreyoucanprotecttheworldwelivein.DonationstotheNWFcanbemadethroughtheirwebsitenwf.orgorthroughotheroptions,likematchinggifts,workplacegiving,ormemorialdonations.

EcologyFund,com

Setupin1976，EcologyFund,comisrunonuserclicks.Advertisersbuyadspaceonthesiteeverytimesomeoneclicks.Themoneygoestobuyendangeredwildernesslandtoprotectitfromcompaniesthatwoulddestroyit.Sofar,EcologyFund,comhasboughtlandinmanyareas.Thebestthingaboutthissiteisthatyouneedn'

tdonateanymoney—allyouhavetodoisclick.

（1）Whichenvironmentalorganizationhasthelongesthistory?

A. 

EcologyF. 

B. 

WorldWildlifeFund.

C. 

NationalGeographicSociety. 

D. 

NationalWildlifeFederation.

（2）WhatdoesNWFthinkisthemostimportantinenvironmentalprotection?

Knowledge. 

Management. 

Money. 

Patience.

（3）InwhatwaydoesEcologyFdifferfromtheotherthreeorganizations?

Thesizeofnetworks. 

Thewayofoperation.

Thestrengthofinfluence. 

Thedegreeofpopularity.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个著名的环保组织。

（1）考查细节理解。

纵观全文可知，WWF有45年以上的历史；

NGS从1888年就开始存在，迄今已有超过100年的历史；

NWF成立于1937年；

EcologyF成立于1976年，因此NGS时间最长。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据 

NationalWildlifeFederation（NWF）部分中的“Infact,theybelievethathavingthepubliceducatedisthebestwaytohelptheenvironment—-themoreyouknow,themoreyoucanprotecttheworldwelivein.”可知，NWF认为，让公众受教育是帮助环境的最佳方式——你知道得越多，就越能保护我们所生活的这个世界。

可知，NWF认为知识在环保中是最重要的。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

EcologyFund,com部分中的“Thebestthingaboutthissiteisthatyouneedn'

tdonateanymoney—allyouhavetodoisclick.”可知，EcologyF是靠用户的点击率获得广告收入的方式运营的，用户无需捐钱，他们只需要点击即可，而其它三个环保组织都接受包括捐款在内的多种方式的支持。

可知，EcologyF与其它3个环保组织的运营方式不同。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:

hecouldn'

tfindthepark'

svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'

swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'

tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.

Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone（圆锥体）shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma（岩浆）pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlesknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'

tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'

tfindthecalderaanywhere.

JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'

centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera;

almostthewholepark-2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.

（1）WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?

Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures. 

Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.

Themysterioushistoryofthepark. 

Theexactlocationofthevolcano.

（2）Whatdoesthesecond-paragraphmainlytalkabout?

Theshapesofvolcanoes. 

Theimpactsofvolcanoes.

Theactivitiesofvolcanoes. 

Theheightsofvolcanoes.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"

blow-up"

inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?

Hot-airballoon. 

Digitalcamera. 

Bigphotograph. 

Bird'

sview.

【答案】

（1）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，二十世纪六十年代BobChristiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“ButChristiansencouldn'

tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.”可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。

故选D。

（2）段落大意题。

本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。

（3）词义猜测题。

根据第三段中的“JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'

centers.”可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。

一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。

故可知，此处意为将照片放大。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．（2019•天津）阅读理解

Howdoesanecosystem（生态系统）work?

Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?

Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?

Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.

Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator（掠食动物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（猎物）,thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;

whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction（灭绝）ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.

Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies---includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.

Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.

Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint（临界点）,itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.

（1）Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs？

Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.

Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.

Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.

Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.

（2）Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator______.

hasawidefoodchoice 

caneasilyfindnewprey

stickstoonepreyspecies 

canquicklymovetoanotherplace

（3）Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline？

Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.

Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.

Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremai