高级英语第一册Unit The Trial That Rocked the World.pptx

高级英语第一册Unit The Trial That Rocked the World.pptx

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AdvancedEnglish,BookOneUnit4TheTrialThatRockedtheWorldByJohnScopes,QUESTIONSFORDISCUSSION,WhatdoyouknowaboutChristianity?

WhatdoyouknowabouttheBible?

WhatdoyouknowaboutAmericanreligion?

（threeprinciplereligions）WhatdoyouknowaboutDarwinandhisOntheOriginofSpecies?

WhatdoyouknowaboutUnitedStatesLaw/AmericanJudicialsystem?

Christianity,withanestimatednumberofadherentsthatrangesbetween1.5billionand2.1billion，splitintoaround34,000separatedenominationstheworldslargestreligionthepredominantreligioninEurope,theAmericas,thePhilippines,andSouthernAfrica,beliefinGodtheFather,JesusChristastheSonofGodandtheHolySpiritthedeath,descentintohell,resurrection,andascensionofChristtheholinessoftheChurchandthecommunionofsaintsChristssecondcoming,theDayofJudgementandsalvationofthefaithful.,TheoriginofChristianity（1stcentury）,Christianityoriginatedin1stcenturyPalestineJewishlifeandfaithADen3vyeiarros,nJemwselivnintginPalestinewereconqueredbyRome,Sincethefailureofmanyuprisings,peopleplacedtheirhopesinreligionandlookforwardtotheemergenceofasavior,tosave,them.,InAsiaMinor（小亚细亚）therewasasectwhichspreadedthatasavior“wastocome.Christianityisactuallycomingfromtheevolutionofthissect.,BecamethestatereligionofRome（391）,313,ConstantineIMagnus（君士坦丁大帝）decreedEdictumMediolanensium（米兰诏书）,whichannouncedChristianitybecameareligionallowedbyRome.,391,theRomanemperorTheodosiusI（狄奥多西一世）announcedthatChristianitywasthestatereligion.,ThesplitofChristianity（1054）,whyBecauseoftheDivisionoftheRomanEmpire（395）After395,theRomanempirewaspermanentlydividedintoEast（theByzantineEmpire）andWest.,Catholic（天主教）,Orthodox（东正教）,Orthodox（东正教）,ConstantinewasthecentreofOrthodox;thehighestpowerbelongedtotheemperoroftheEastRomanEmpire.Theemperorcouldappointanddeposethearchbishop,convenecouncils,approvethecouncilsdecisionsandexplainthedoctrine.,Catholic（天主教）,Curia（罗马教廷）wasthecentreofCatholic;powerallconcentratedonthearchbishop.1096-1291,Catholiccarriedout8religiouswar（theCrusade十字军东征）underthecloakofsafeguardingChristianity,ThereformofChristianity（16thcentury）,In16thcentury,religiousreformstookplaceinGermany,Switzerland,NetherlandsandNorthernEurope;Protestantism（新教）wascreated.MartinLuther（马丁.路德）andCalvin（加尔文）werethemostfamousleaders.,Protestantism（新教）,majorcountrieswhichbelieveinProtestantism（USA,UK,Germany,Canada）ThedifferencefromOrthodoxandCatholic（varioussects,nouniformandstrictorganizations）,ModernChristianity,Catholic,Orthodox,Protestantism,Christianityhasthelargestnumberofdisciples,spreadthemostwidelyandinfluencedeepestofotherreligions.,Powerdistribution,FranceSpain,Portugal,Austria,Italy,Poland,Catholic,Powerdistribution,Britain,Denmark,Sweden,ProtestantismNorwayFinland,PresentdayChristiandivisionsRomanCatholic:

morethanonebillionOrthodoxEasternChurch:

withover200millionadherentsProtestant:

EstimatesofthetotalnumberofProtestantsareveryuncertain,partlybecauseofthedifficultyindeterminingwhichdenominationsshouldbeplacedinthesecategories.,TheRomanCatholicChurchaverystrictorganization,withPopeasitssupremeleader,andcardinal,archbishop,bishopandpriest（catholicfather）underhimsuccessively.Theseclergiesarenotallowedtogetmarriedalltheirlives.PeoplewhobelongtoRomanCatholicChurchhaveatraditionofgoingtochurchserviceseveryweek.,ForProtestants,thingsarenotsorigorous.TheycanworshipGodathome.Pastors,ministersandclergymencangetmarried.TheydonthaveasupremegoverningbodyastheRomanCatholicsdo.ForRomanCatholics,youcanonlytalktoGodbywayofachurch,confessingyoursinsintheconfessionaltoapriestwhograntsyouabsolutioninthenameofGod,buttheProtestantbelievetheycantalkdirectlytoGod.DenominationsofProtestantsareAnglican（英国国教）,Baptist（浸信会）,OrthodoxEasternChurchhasanotherdivinecreaturetoworship,theBlessedVirginMary.RomanCatholicandOrthodoxEasternmembersdrawcrossontheirchests,whileProtestantsdonot.,TheBibleisacollectionofreligiouswritingscomprisingtwoparts:

theOldTestament旧约andtheNewTestament新约.TheOldTestamentisaboutGodandLawsofGod.TheNewTestamentisaboutthedoctrine（教义）ofJesusChrist.,TwopartsoftheBible,ThecontentofBible,OldTestamentNewTestamentHistory17Poetry5Prophets17,TheOldTestament,TheHistoricalBooksBookofJoshua约书亚记BookofJudges士师记BooksofSamuel（IandII）撒母耳记BooksofKings（IandII）列王记BooksoftheChronicles历代记BookofEzra以斯拉书BookofNehemiah尼希米记,ThePoeticalBooksBookofJob约伯书BookofPsalms诗篇Proverbs箴言Ecclesiastes传道书SongofSolomon雅歌TheProphetsAmos阿摩司书Jeremiah耶利米书TheBookofDaniel但以理书,HowtheOldTestamentcameintobeing?

WhileinBabylon（巴比伦）inthe6thcenturyB.C.,theHebrews,nowknownasJews,formedsynagogues（犹太教堂）topracticetheirreligion.AstheJewsvaluedtheirownheritageandlearning,someofthembegantoworkonHebrewslaws,sayingsandstoriesofthepast.Andthestudyofthesesacred（宗教的）writingsgrewtobeacommunalactivityfortheJewsinexile（流亡）.,WhentheJewswereatlastallowedtoreturntotheirhomelandafter70years,thereturneesstartedatoncetorebuil