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化硫断路器 和真空断路器。
他们的参数有电压等级、
current,
insulation
level
breaking
capacity,
instantaneous
voltage
off
ti
开断容量的电流、绝缘等级 开断时间的瞬时电压恢复和
me
recovery
and
bombing.
Breaker
plate
usually
include:
1
maxi
轰炸时间。
断路器的铭牌通常包括:
1.最大可承
mum
tolerable
current;
2
the
maximum
current
is
interrupted;
3
largest
受电流;
2.最大中断电流;
3.最大线
line
voltage;
4
interrupt
cycle
number.
In
the
60hHZ
system,
interrupt
路电压;
4.中断周期数量。
在60hHZ的系统中,中断
may
last
from
3-
to
8
cycle,
in
order
quickly
break
up
to
load
curre
可能持续3-至8个周期,为了快速中断达负荷电流,
nt,
we
have
ensure
continued
to
cool
it,
high-speed,
breaking
limit
我们不得不确保它的持续冷却,高速 开断能限制
on
transmission
line
damage,
it
equally
important
help
system
mai
对传输线路的损害, 这一点是同等重要的它帮助系统
ntain
stable
operation
at
any
time
accident,
the
main
circuit
breaker
在任何事故发生时维持稳定运行, 断路器主要
by
operating
mechanism,
actuator
quenching
chamber.
由操作机构、执行机构和灭弧室组成。
When
a
trigger
current
or
voltage,
spring
operation
mechanism
of
isol
当有触发电流或者电压时,空气隔离开关的弹簧操作机构
ation
switch
moves
quickly
reduce
contact
loss,
special
shape
and
u
迅速动作以用来减少触点的烧损,主触点的特殊形
se
material
contact
completely
fit
for
arc
contact,
air
is
状和使用材料完全适合电弧的接触, 空气
olation
further
improvement
due
quenching
performan
隔离开关更进一步的改进是由于灭弧性能
ce,
insulating
baffle
plates
shield,
with
arc
function
these
specia
绝缘隔板组成的灭弧罩, 带灭弧功能的触头等这些特殊性
l
properties,
it
used
in
low
voltage
DC
circuit
breaker.
质,所以仍被应用于低电压等级和直流断路器中。
Oil
circuit
breaker
in
around
1900,
mainly
meet
new,
breaking
capa
多油断路器出现于1900前后,主要用来满足新的开断容量的要求,
city
requirements,
AC
switch
immersed
an
cylinder,
oil
交流开关被浸入一个油缸之中, 油在
quenching
zero
set
off
function
very
effective
the
current,
arc
熄灭电弧和在电流过零时建立开断功能是十分有效,
gate,
nozzle,
pear,
new
operation
mechanism
variety
c
灭弧栅、喷油嘴、鸭梨锄头、新的操作机构和多种新的断路功能
ircuit
function
recent
decades
to
introduce
use
oil
breaker
在近几十年引进使用多油断路器能够适应362kV。
can
adapt
362kV.
Types
Construction
Transformer
变压器的类型和结构
A
transformer
device
that
alternating
current
electric
energy
at
one
vo
变压器是一个通过磁场作用将一个交流电压值变成另一个电压值的
ltage
level
into
alternating
electric
energy
another
voltage
level
设备。
through
action
magnetic
field.It
consists
two
more
coils
wir
它由2条或更多的金属丝缠绕在
e
wrapped
around
common
ferromagnetic
core.These
coils
are
(usually)
一个核心磁铁上组成的。
这些绕线(一般)不直
not
directly
connected.
The
only
connection
between
coils
com
接接触。
绕线之间唯一的联系是它们共有的存在于磁芯
mon
magnectic
flux
presen
within
core.
的磁通量。
One
transformer
windings
connected
source
ac
electric
po
一组变压器绕组连接到一个交流电源上,
wer,and
second(and
perhaps
third)
transformer
winding
supplies
elect
同时第二组(或许第三组)变压器绕组作为电源提供给负载。
ric
power
loads.
transformer
winding
connected
power
souce
连接到电源上的变压器绕组叫做一次绕组,或者输
called
primary
winding
or
input
winding.and
winding
connecte
入绕组。
连接负载的绕组叫做二次
d
loads
called
secondary
winding
input
winding.If
there
绕组或者输出绕组。
如果电压
third
on
transformer,it
called
tertiary
winding.
Powe
器上有第三绕组,它叫做三次绕组。
电力变
r
constructed
one
types
cores.one
type
con
压器由一两种磁芯中的一种构成。
一种构造是由
struction
consists
simple
rectangular
laminated
piece
steel
with
the
一种简单的变压器绕组缠绕在矩形两边的矩形薄钢片组成。
transformer
windings
wrapped
around
sides
rectangle.This
typ
这种构
e
construction
know
as
coreform
.The
other
type
consists
three-le
造类型被认为是核心形式。
另一种类型是由绕组缠绕在中心
gged
laminated
core
with
windings
around
center
leg
.Th
引脚的3引脚叠片铁心构成。
construction
shell
form.In
either
case,the
core
con
这种构造类型贝壳形式。
其中任意一种类型,磁心都
structed
thin
laminations
electrically
isolated
form
each
order
是由排列整齐的彼此之间电气隔离的薄迭片构成,n
order
reduce
eddy
currents
minimum.
primary
secondary
windings
physical
transformer
are
wrapp
一个物理变压器的一次绕组和二次绕组被缠绕成一个在内部的另一
ed
one
top
with
low-voltage
winding
innermost.Such
个低压绕组的上面。
这样安
arrangement
severs
two
purposes:
1.It
simplifies
problem
insulati
排达到了两个目的:
1.它简化了从磁芯到高压绕组的绝
ng
high-
voltage
winding
from
core.2.It
results
much
less
leaka
缘问题。
2.
与过去将两个绕组在磁心上
ge
than
would
be
two
windings
were
separated
distance
t
隔离一定距离比起来,它导致更少的漏通量。
he
core.
Power
transformer
given
variety
different
names,
depending
th
电力变压器被赋予了很多不同的名字, 取决于它们在
eir
use
power
systems.Atransformer
connected
output
gener
当前系统中的作用。
一变压器连接到一个发电机的输出端,
ator
used
step
its
voltage
up
transformer
levels
sometimes
call
并且用于步调它的电压达到变压器值有时被叫做单位变压器。
ed
unit
transformer.
ai
other
end
transformer
li
变压器一个排在另一个后面——将电压从传送值
ne,which
steps
voltage
down
from
transmission
levls
distribution
le
步降到分布值,
vels,is
called
substation
transformer.Finally,the
transformer
that
takes
th
被叫做变电站。
最后,变压器将分布电压和步幅
distribution
voltage
steps
down
final
voltage
which
p
降到最后的实际使用的电能被叫做发送变压器。
ower
actually
used
called
distribution
transformer.All
these
devices
所有这些设备本
are
essentially
same-the
difference
among
them
their
intended
质上都是相同的——它们之间唯一不同的是它们的特定用途。
use.
In
addition
various
power
transformer,
special-purpose
trans
除了各种电力变压器 两个专用变压器使用电
formers
are
electric
machinery
power
systems.The
first
动机械和电力系统 这些特殊
hese
special
transformers
device
specially
designed
sample
high
变压器中的第一个是一个专门简化高电压产生较低的二次电压而设voltage
produce
low
secondary
voltage
directly
proportional
it.S
计的装置
uch
transformer
is
potential
transformer.A
transformer
al
例如一个变压器叫做电压互感器 一个电力变压器也产
so
produces
secondary
directly
proportional
its
primary
volta
生二次电压直接与它的初级电压成正比
ge;
difference
between
potential
power
transforme
之间差异的一个潜在功率变压器和一个变压器,是潜在的变压器
potential
transformer
designed
handle
only
very
small
c
是设计来处理只有一个很电流。
urrent.The
second
type
special
transformer
device
designed
prov
在第二种类型的变压器是一个特殊装置设计为提供一个二次侧
ide
secondary
current.much
smaller
than
but
directly
proportional
its
电流。
多小但比比例对其直接初级电流。
primary
current.This
device
called
transformer.
这个装置叫做电流互感器
Lingting
protection
防雷保护
thunder
lightning
protects
connect
ground;
Connect
gr
雷电保护接地是避雷技术最重要的环节, 不管是直击雷、
ound
avoid
thunder
most
important
link
technique,
ignore
感应雷或其他形式的雷, 避
shot
thunder,
respond
thunder
thunder
other
form,
a
雷
工作的最终都是把雷电流送入大地。
void
thunder
work
most
all
send
into
earth
thunder
electric
current.
Store
thunder
energy
behave
build
,
current
储存雷能量为人类造福, 目前科技
echnology
still
reach
arrive,
therefore
have
no
reasonabl
还达不到,因此没
有合理而良好的接地装置是不可能谈及防雷的。
good
connect
ground
equip
impossible
speak
about
defend
thunder.Therefore
say
design,
construction
very
high
st
所以说设计、施工好高标准的接地系统是
防雷工作
andard
connect
ground
system
heavy
inside
that
defend
thunder
的重中之重。
'
s
work
heavy.
High
electric
potential
For
long
time,
people
have
an
长期以来,人们有一个错
illusion,
think
that
connect
ground
electric
resistance
more
small
觉, 认为接地电阻越小避雷效果就越好,被保护的对
象就安全。
avoid
thunder
result
then
like,
quilt
object
that
protect
safety.
Certainly
electric
resistance
more
small
more
quick,
strike
当然电阻越小散流越快, 雷击的
by
lightning
reserve
time
short,
risk
more
small,
electric
vo
高电位保留时间越短, 危险性越小,其跨步电
压、
ltage
its
stride,
get
touch
electric
voltage
produce
m
接触电压产生的机遇也就越小。
achine
too
more
?
But,
construction
fulfillment
proof
ne
但是,近十几年来的实践证明,
ar
than
ten
yearses,
say
connect
wort
与其说接地电阻值重
要,
h
importance
ground
electric
resistance,
equal
say
connect
不如说接地装置的结构更合
he
ground
equip
reasonable,
importance electricity
equipments,
d
理、重要。
emand
variety
now'
s
city,
there
lots
building
inside
not
现在的城市,在一座建筑物内有许多不同性质的电气设
ongeniality
connect
ground
device,
if
avoid
thunder
the
备,需要多种接地装置
如避雷接地、电气安全接地、交
ground,
electricity
safety
connect
ground,
AC
power
work
流电源工作接地、通信及计算机系统接地,
o
connect
ground,
correspondence
calculator
system
connect
ground,
according
fulfillment
proof,
totally
use
conne