01 英文写作入门文档格式.docx
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接收动作者
Helikesme.
2)用名词就要想到可数性和冠词
a)可数、不可数
可数:
单数、复数
可数名词必须指出是一个(a,an),还是多个(+s)
Ihavesomewater.Water是不可数,没有复数
Ihavethreerulers.Ruler是可数名词,多余一个+s
b)冠词:
后面必须跟名词
不定冠词:
不是特定的一个,元音前用an;
辅音前用a。
Ihavearuler.Ihaveaneraser.※
※注意:
不是aeiou,而是元音前加an。
错:
anusefuldictionary(‘ju:
sful)
定冠词:
the
特指。
Thepenismine.
乐器前。
Ioftenplaythepiano.
最高级前。
Sheisthemostbeautifulgirl.
零冠词
可数名词复数表示一类。
Elephantsareourfriends.※
体育项目前:
Ilikeplayingfootball.
2.代词:
作用跟名词相同。
1)主格:
Ilikecats.
2)宾格:
Theylikeme.
3)形容性物主代词:
Mypenisonthedesk.
4)名词性物主代词:
That’smine.
3.形容词:
“的”
1)修饰名词
Heisastrongboy.
2)表语:
be+adj.(主系表)
Heisstrong.
注意:
形容词不能做谓语,be+adj做谓语
错:
Istrong.
对:
Iamstrong.
Wehavetoquietinthelibrary.
wemustbequietinthelibrary.
Wehavetobeontime.
4.副词:
“地”
1)修饰动词:
Herunfast.
2)修饰副词:
Herunveryfast
3)修饰形容词:
Sheisverybeautiful.
5.介词(时间/地点)
1)时间:
At:
几点钟Igetupatsix.
In:
大时间Iwasbornin1990.
On:
某一天IwenttoBeijingonSunday.
2)地点:
小地方Istudyhardatschool.
大地方IworkinBeijing.
楼层与街.Iliveonthesecondfloor.※
时间、地点放句末或句首。
※
Sixo’clockgetup.对:
Igetupatsixo’clock.
错theparkhasmanyflowers.对:
Therearemanyflowersinthepark.
Thismorningisverycold.对:
It’scoldinthemorning.
二、作用
1.主语:
注:
材料中没有明显主语时,找出主语
1)增加We,students,people作主语
Weshouldprotectenvironment.
2)用it代替时间、地点、距离、天气作主语
It’scoldtoday.对:
What’stheweatherliketoday?
3)用therebe句型
Thereisabigparkinourcity.
2.谓语:
动作本身
Helikescats
所有谓语必须考虑:
1.主谓一致。
2.时态。
1)主谓一致:
主语是第三人称单数,谓语用单数形式
1.Is/am/are:
Heisaboy.
2.动词+s:
Helikescats.
3.do/does:
Doesshelikecat?
4.have/hasHehasapen.
2)时态
a)一般时
一般现在:
v./v.+s。
Igetupatseven.
一般过去时:
v.ed。
IwenttotheparklastSunday.
一般将来时:
will/begoingto+do。
Hewillgotoschoolnextyear.
b)进行时
现在进行时:
is/am/are+doing。
Look,heisreadingbooks.
过去进行时:
was/were+doing。
Whenhecamein,Iwasreadingabook.
c)完成时:
。
现在完成时:
have+done。
Ihavedonemyhomework.
过去完成时:
had+done。
Ihaddonemyhomeworkbytheendoflastweek.
3.宾语:
4.表语。
系动词(Be等)后面的是表语
Heisateacher.
be+doSheiswalkonthestreet.※
纠正:
改成Be(是):
Sheispretty.
去掉be:
Shewalkedonthestreet.
bedoing:
Sheiswalkingonthestreet.
三、句型
1.Therebe/have※
Therebe:
表示存在。
Have:
个人拥有
墙上有一幅画。
Thewallhasapicture
Thereisapictureonthewall.
2.主谓(宾)
1)主语:
发出动作者,名词或代词充当。
2)谓语:
3)宾语:
动作作用对象,名词或代词充当。
注意
1)及物动词vt:
有宾语
Ilikehim.
2)不及物动词vi:
没有宾语
Thesunrisesinthemorning.
3.主系表
1)主+系+名词:
表主语=表语
Iamateacher.
2)主+系+形容词:
表语形容主语的状态
尽量用be以外的系动词,包括be,go,turn,look,sound等。
Itsoundsgreat.
四、动词原形※
1.Do/does/did+动词原形:
Doyoulikeswimming?
Doesshelikemusic?
DidhegotoBeijing?
2.情态动词+动词原形:
can,could,may.might,shall,should,must,haveto
Icanswim.
3.不定式to+动词原形
Iwanttoswim.
4.Letsbdo
Let’sgotoschool.
一.句型变化※
1.It作主语:
句子很长
2.非谓语动词todo/doing:
动词做主语
3.主语从句:
句子作主语
4.被动语态:
主动语态的宾语作主语
5.Therebe:
二.系动词
1.用法
1)普通系动词+adj.
2)感官系动词:
系动词+adj./like+n.
2.分类
1)状态系动词:
be
Heispretty.
2)变化系动词:
become,get,grow,turn
Gamesaregettingpopularamongyoungstudents.
3)似乎系动词:
look,seem
Theproblemseemsserious.
4)保持系动词:
keep/stay/remain
Studentsshoulddomoreexercisetokeephealthy.
5)感官系动词:
feel/smell/sound/look/taste
Hisideaofseeingafilmsoundsgreat.
3.系动词的进行时※
普通系动词没有进行时,除了:
1)位移系动词:
表将要
Thetrainisarriving.
2)渐变系动词:
变得…
It’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.
三.普通动词V1+V2(todo/doing)
Ienjoyreadingbooks
Hewantstoswim.
v1是特定动词时,v2为ing形式。
四.感官动词see/notice/hear/watch使役动词Makehave
用法:
感官动词感官动词+V(do经常发生/doing正在进行/done被动)
Ioftenwatchmyclassmatesplayvolleyballafterschool.
Thedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.
ImadethiscarrepairedlastSunday.
五.时态
1.完成时:
have/had+done
延续性动词:
+一段时间,for/since.
HehasstayedinBeijingfor10years.
非延续性动词:
1)已经:
already(肯定句)/yet(否定、疑问句)。
2)次数。
Hehavealreadyreadthisbook.
2.完成进行时:
have/had+been+doing
Sowe’vebeenspendingmoretimetogetherlately.9全11p82
Shehasbeendoingthisforafewyearsnow.9全13p102
六.比较级、比较句
1.同级:
倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+(名词)+as※
Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,theproductionofcarsthisyearistwiceasmuchasthatoflastyear.
2.比较级※
the+比较级...,the+比较级..:
越…越…
Thelesstheteacherdoes,themorethestudentsdoandthemoretheywilllearn.
比较级+比较级:
越……,就越……
Theairpollutionisgettingworseandworse.比较级
比较级+than+any(other)+名词单数...:
比任何其他的都……
Mikeismorehardworkingthananyotherstudentintheclass.
3.最高级
Ofalltheproblems,pollutionisobviouslythemostseriousone.最高级
4.比较句※
Prefertodo1thando2/prefern.ton....喜欢……胜过……
Asforwildreleaseandcontrolledrelease,Ipreferthelatteronetotheformerone.
Hepreferstodancethanreadbooks.
besenior/juniorto比……年长/年龄小;
(地位或级别等)比……高/低
Mr.Liuisthreeyearsseniortome,andheisalsoseniortomeinourcompany.
七.感叹句
1.How+adj.主谓
Howfantasticthedragonboatteamwas!
2.What+(adj.)n.+主谓
Whatafantasticdragonboatteamitwas!
八.状语从句
状语从句
连词
时间
when,whenever,as,while,(ever)since,before,after,till,until,assoonas,hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,scarcely...when...,eachtime,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theday,immediately
地点
where,wherever
条件
if,unless,providing/provided(that),supposing/suppose(that),given(that),aslongas,solongas,oncondition(that),incase,onlyif
原因
because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat
让步
though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,while,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however,nomatter+疑问词,whether...or...,whether...ornot
比较
as,than,thesameas,notso...as...,as...as...
方式
asif,asthough,as
目的
that,inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfear(that),lest
结果
sothat,so...that...,such...that...,that
AssoonasIenteredtheclassroom,myteacheraskedmewhyIwassolate.
九.名词性从句
1.引导词
1)That:
无意义
2)Whether/if:
是否
3)特殊疑问词:
2.主语从句
Itis/wasnosurprise/wonderthat...……不足为怪※
Sheiswarmhearted,soitisnosurprise/wonderthatshealwayshelpsthosewhoareintrouble.
3.宾语从句
Iwonderwhether/if...我想知道是否……※
Iamwonderingifyoucouldtellmemoreaboutthisactivity.
Anadvantageof...isthat...……的优点是……
Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwon'
tcreate/produceanypollution.
4.表语从句
Whatimpresses/surprises/shockssb.mostisthat...最令某人印象深刻/吃惊/震惊的是……※
Inaddition,whatmayinterestyoumostisthatIamreallynervousandupsetwhentakingtheexam.
That/This/Itiswhy/because...那/这就是为什么/因为……※
IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper,andthat'
swhyI'
mwritingtovoicemyopinion.
Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……※
Thereasonwhyhewasn'
tadmittedintoakeyuniversitywasthathisgradesweretoolow.
Thechancesare(that)...很可能……
Ifyougointoaschooloruniversityeverywhere,thechancesare(that)youwillseestudentsinLiNingtracksuitswiththefamiliarlogo.
5.同位语从句(高中)
Sb.holdsthebelief/viewthat...某人(坚定地)持有某种观点……
Mostpeopleholdthebeliefthateducationcanchangeone'
sfate.
Noonecandenythefactthat...谁也不可否认的事实是……
Noonecandenythefactthattheenvironmentisgettingpollutedmoreandmoreseriously.
一十.定语从句
1.关系代词:
that/which/who/whom/whose(初中)
Thosewhohaveworkexperiencecanfindajobeasily.
2.关系副词:
when/where/why(高中)
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
一十一.被动语态
1.一般时的被动语态:
be+done
be+过去分词
Luckilyshewasnotbadlyinjuredandwesenthertothenearesthospital.
情态动词+be+过去分词
Ascanbeseenfromthechart,moreandmorepeopleownmobilephonesinChinanow.
(3)get+过去分词※
Theentrancetotheparkingplacewastoosmallandoftengotblocked.
2.完成时的被动语态:
have/had+beendone
Thebuildinghasbeensetupforseveralyears.
一十二.非谓语动词:
(从句和主句逻辑主语要一致)
1.todo不定式
easy/difficult...todo...
Somebadhabitssuchassmokinganddrinkingaren'
teasytogetridof.
疑问词+todo
Whattodotocopewiththerisingcostoflivingbecomesadailydiscussiontopic.
prefertodo...ratherthando.../wouldratherdo...thando.../woulddo...ratherthando...宁愿做……,而不愿做……
Nowadayssometeenagersprefertochatwithstrangersonlineratherthantalkwiththeirparentsfacetoface.
onlytodo/tobedone结果却(被)……
Ifhecontinueslikethis,hewillendupliftingastoneonlytohaveitdroponhisownfoot,justastheoldsayinggoes.
remaintobedone有待于被……
Manyquestionshavetobesettledandmuchremainstobedoneinoureducationalwork.
2.Doing现在分词(高中)
bydoing...通过做……
Undertheenvironmentoffiercecompetition,theonlywayhecouldimaginetohandlestresswast