01 英文写作入门文档格式.docx

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01 英文写作入门文档格式.docx

接收动作者

Helikesme.

2)用名词就要想到可数性和冠词

a)可数、不可数

可数:

单数、复数

可数名词必须指出是一个(a,an),还是多个(+s)

Ihavesomewater.Water是不可数,没有复数

Ihavethreerulers.Ruler是可数名词,多余一个+s

b)冠词:

后面必须跟名词

不定冠词:

不是特定的一个,元音前用an;

辅音前用a。

Ihavearuler.Ihaveaneraser.※

※注意:

不是aeiou,而是元音前加an。

错:

anusefuldictionary(‘ju:

sful)

定冠词:

the

特指。

Thepenismine.

乐器前。

Ioftenplaythepiano.

最高级前。

Sheisthemostbeautifulgirl.

零冠词

可数名词复数表示一类。

Elephantsareourfriends.※

体育项目前:

Ilikeplayingfootball.

2.代词:

作用跟名词相同。

1)主格:

Ilikecats.

2)宾格:

Theylikeme.

3)形容性物主代词:

Mypenisonthedesk.

4)名词性物主代词:

That’smine.

3.形容词:

“的”

1)修饰名词

Heisastrongboy.

2)表语:

be+adj.(主系表)

Heisstrong.

注意:

形容词不能做谓语,be+adj做谓语

错:

Istrong.

对:

Iamstrong.

Wehavetoquietinthelibrary.

wemustbequietinthelibrary.

Wehavetobeontime.

4.副词:

“地”

1)修饰动词:

Herunfast.

2)修饰副词:

Herunveryfast

3)修饰形容词:

Sheisverybeautiful.

5.介词(时间/地点)

1)时间:

At:

几点钟Igetupatsix.

In:

大时间Iwasbornin1990.

On:

某一天IwenttoBeijingonSunday.

2)地点:

小地方Istudyhardatschool.

大地方IworkinBeijing.

楼层与街.Iliveonthesecondfloor.※

时间、地点放句末或句首。

Sixo’clockgetup.对:

Igetupatsixo’clock.

错theparkhasmanyflowers.对:

Therearemanyflowersinthepark.

Thismorningisverycold.对:

It’scoldinthemorning.

二、作用

1.主语:

注:

材料中没有明显主语时,找出主语

1)增加We,students,people作主语

Weshouldprotectenvironment.

2)用it代替时间、地点、距离、天气作主语

It’scoldtoday.对:

What’stheweatherliketoday?

3)用therebe句型

Thereisabigparkinourcity.

2.谓语:

动作本身

Helikescats

所有谓语必须考虑:

1.主谓一致。

2.时态。

1)主谓一致:

主语是第三人称单数,谓语用单数形式

1.Is/am/are:

Heisaboy.

2.动词+s:

Helikescats.

3.do/does:

Doesshelikecat?

4.have/hasHehasapen.

2)时态

a)一般时

一般现在:

v./v.+s。

Igetupatseven.

一般过去时:

v.ed。

IwenttotheparklastSunday.

一般将来时:

will/begoingto+do。

Hewillgotoschoolnextyear.

b)进行时

现在进行时:

is/am/are+doing。

Look,heisreadingbooks.

过去进行时:

was/were+doing。

Whenhecamein,Iwasreadingabook.

c)完成时:

现在完成时:

have+done。

Ihavedonemyhomework.

过去完成时:

had+done。

Ihaddonemyhomeworkbytheendoflastweek.

3.宾语:

4.表语。

系动词(Be等)后面的是表语

Heisateacher.

be+doSheiswalkonthestreet.※

纠正:

改成Be(是):

Sheispretty.

去掉be:

Shewalkedonthestreet.

bedoing:

Sheiswalkingonthestreet.

三、句型

1.Therebe/have※

Therebe:

表示存在。

Have:

个人拥有

墙上有一幅画。

Thewallhasapicture

Thereisapictureonthewall.

2.主谓(宾)

1)主语:

发出动作者,名词或代词充当。

2)谓语:

3)宾语:

动作作用对象,名词或代词充当。

注意

1)及物动词vt:

有宾语

Ilikehim.

2)不及物动词vi:

没有宾语

Thesunrisesinthemorning.

3.主系表

1)主+系+名词:

表主语=表语

Iamateacher.

2)主+系+形容词:

表语形容主语的状态

尽量用be以外的系动词,包括be,go,turn,look,sound等。

Itsoundsgreat.

四、动词原形※

1.Do/does/did+动词原形:

Doyoulikeswimming?

Doesshelikemusic?

DidhegotoBeijing?

2.情态动词+动词原形:

can,could,may.might,shall,should,must,haveto

Icanswim.

3.不定式to+动词原形

Iwanttoswim.

4.Letsbdo

Let’sgotoschool.

一.句型变化※

1.It作主语:

句子很长

2.非谓语动词todo/doing:

动词做主语

3.主语从句:

句子作主语

4.被动语态:

主动语态的宾语作主语

5.Therebe:

二.系动词

1.用法

1)普通系动词+adj.

2)感官系动词:

系动词+adj./like+n.

2.分类

1)状态系动词:

be

Heispretty.

2)变化系动词:

become,get,grow,turn

Gamesaregettingpopularamongyoungstudents.

3)似乎系动词:

look,seem

Theproblemseemsserious.

4)保持系动词:

keep/stay/remain

Studentsshoulddomoreexercisetokeephealthy.

5)感官系动词:

feel/smell/sound/look/taste

Hisideaofseeingafilmsoundsgreat.

3.系动词的进行时※

普通系动词没有进行时,除了:

1)位移系动词:

表将要

Thetrainisarriving.

2)渐变系动词:

变得…

It’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.

三.普通动词V1+V2(todo/doing)

Ienjoyreadingbooks

Hewantstoswim.

v1是特定动词时,v2为ing形式。

四.感官动词see/notice/hear/watch使役动词Makehave

用法:

感官动词感官动词+V(do经常发生/doing正在进行/done被动)

Ioftenwatchmyclassmatesplayvolleyballafterschool.

Thedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.

ImadethiscarrepairedlastSunday.

五.时态

1.完成时:

have/had+done

延续性动词:

+一段时间,for/since.

HehasstayedinBeijingfor10years.

非延续性动词:

1)已经:

already(肯定句)/yet(否定、疑问句)。

2)次数。

Hehavealreadyreadthisbook.

2.完成进行时:

have/had+been+doing

Sowe’vebeenspendingmoretimetogetherlately.9全11p82

Shehasbeendoingthisforafewyearsnow.9全13p102

六.比较级、比较句

1.同级:

倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+(名词)+as※

Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,theproductionofcarsthisyearistwiceasmuchasthatoflastyear.

2.比较级※

the+比较级...,the+比较级..:

越…越…

Thelesstheteacherdoes,themorethestudentsdoandthemoretheywilllearn.

比较级+比较级:

越……,就越……

Theairpollutionisgettingworseandworse.比较级

比较级+than+any(other)+名词单数...:

比任何其他的都……

Mikeismorehardworkingthananyotherstudentintheclass.

3.最高级

Ofalltheproblems,pollutionisobviouslythemostseriousone.最高级

4.比较句※

Prefertodo1thando2/prefern.ton....喜欢……胜过……

Asforwildreleaseandcontrolledrelease,Ipreferthelatteronetotheformerone.

Hepreferstodancethanreadbooks.

besenior/juniorto比……年长/年龄小;

(地位或级别等)比……高/低

Mr.Liuisthreeyearsseniortome,andheisalsoseniortomeinourcompany.

七.感叹句

1.How+adj.主谓

Howfantasticthedragonboatteamwas!

2.What+(adj.)n.+主谓

Whatafantasticdragonboatteamitwas!

八.状语从句

状语从句

连词

时间

when,whenever,as,while,(ever)since,before,after,till,until,assoonas,hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,scarcely...when...,eachtime,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theday,immediately

地点

where,wherever

条件

if,unless,providing/provided(that),supposing/suppose(that),given(that),aslongas,solongas,oncondition(that),incase,onlyif

原因

because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat

让步

though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,while,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however,nomatter+疑问词,whether...or...,whether...ornot

比较

as,than,thesameas,notso...as...,as...as...

方式

asif,asthough,as

目的

that,inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfear(that),lest

结果

sothat,so...that...,such...that...,that

AssoonasIenteredtheclassroom,myteacheraskedmewhyIwassolate.

九.名词性从句

1.引导词

1)That:

无意义

2)Whether/if:

是否

3)特殊疑问词:

2.主语从句

Itis/wasnosurprise/wonderthat...……不足为怪※

Sheiswarmhearted,soitisnosurprise/wonderthatshealwayshelpsthosewhoareintrouble.

3.宾语从句

Iwonderwhether/if...我想知道是否……※

Iamwonderingifyoucouldtellmemoreaboutthisactivity.

Anadvantageof...isthat...……的优点是……

Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwon'

tcreate/produceanypollution.

4.表语从句

Whatimpresses/surprises/shockssb.mostisthat...最令某人印象深刻/吃惊/震惊的是……※

Inaddition,whatmayinterestyoumostisthatIamreallynervousandupsetwhentakingtheexam.

That/This/Itiswhy/because...那/这就是为什么/因为……※

IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper,andthat'

swhyI'

mwritingtovoicemyopinion.

Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……※

Thereasonwhyhewasn'

tadmittedintoakeyuniversitywasthathisgradesweretoolow.

Thechancesare(that)...很可能……

Ifyougointoaschooloruniversityeverywhere,thechancesare(that)youwillseestudentsinLiNingtracksuitswiththefamiliarlogo.

5.同位语从句(高中)

Sb.holdsthebelief/viewthat...某人(坚定地)持有某种观点……

Mostpeopleholdthebeliefthateducationcanchangeone'

sfate.

Noonecandenythefactthat...谁也不可否认的事实是……

Noonecandenythefactthattheenvironmentisgettingpollutedmoreandmoreseriously.

一十.定语从句

1.关系代词:

that/which/who/whom/whose(初中)

Thosewhohaveworkexperiencecanfindajobeasily.

2.关系副词:

when/where/why(高中)

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

一十一.被动语态

1.一般时的被动语态:

be+done

be+过去分词

Luckilyshewasnotbadlyinjuredandwesenthertothenearesthospital.

情态动词+be+过去分词

Ascanbeseenfromthechart,moreandmorepeopleownmobilephonesinChinanow.

(3)get+过去分词※

Theentrancetotheparkingplacewastoosmallandoftengotblocked.

2.完成时的被动语态:

have/had+beendone

Thebuildinghasbeensetupforseveralyears.

一十二.非谓语动词:

(从句和主句逻辑主语要一致)

1.todo不定式

easy/difficult...todo...

Somebadhabitssuchassmokinganddrinkingaren'

teasytogetridof.

疑问词+todo

Whattodotocopewiththerisingcostoflivingbecomesadailydiscussiontopic.

prefertodo...ratherthando.../wouldratherdo...thando.../woulddo...ratherthando...宁愿做……,而不愿做……

Nowadayssometeenagersprefertochatwithstrangersonlineratherthantalkwiththeirparentsfacetoface.

onlytodo/tobedone结果却(被)……

Ifhecontinueslikethis,hewillendupliftingastoneonlytohaveitdroponhisownfoot,justastheoldsayinggoes.

remaintobedone有待于被……

Manyquestionshavetobesettledandmuchremainstobedoneinoureducationalwork.

2.Doing现在分词(高中)

bydoing...通过做……

Undertheenvironmentoffiercecompetition,theonlywayhecouldimaginetohandlestresswast

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