MBA联考英语二5docWord下载.docx

MBA联考英语二5docWord下载.docx

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（6）,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe（7）,studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter（8）muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp（9）theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof（10）feedback,thatimproveanindividual'

semotionalstate.（11）oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted（12）physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry（13）theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso（14）tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow（15）muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWü

rzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto（16）apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile-orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）（17）expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles（18）moreexuberantlytofunnycartonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,（19）thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround（20）,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

（分数：

（1）.A.amongB.exceptC.despiteD.like（分数：

0.50）

A.

B.

C.

D.

（2）.A.reflectB.demandC.indicateD.produce（分数：

（3）.A.stabilizingB.boostingC.impairingD.determining（分数：

（4）.A.transmitB.sustainC.evaluateD.observe（分数：

（5）.A.measurableB.manageableC.affordableD.renewable（分数：

（6）.A.InturnB.InfactC.InadditionD.Inbrief（分数：

（7）.A.oppositeB.impossibleC.averageD.expected（分数：

（8）.A.hardensB.weakensC.tightensD.relaxes（分数：

（9）.A.aggravateB.generateC.moderateD.enhance（分数：

（10）.A.physicalB.mentalC.subconsciousD.internal（分数：

（11）.A.ExceptforB.AccordingtoC.DuetoD.Asfor（分数：

（12）.A.withB.onC.inD.at（分数：

（13）.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.because（分数：

（14）.A.exhaustsB.followsC.precedesD.suppresses（分数：

（15）.A.intoB.fromC.towardsD.beyond（分数：

（16）.A.fetchB.biteC.pickD.hold（分数：

（17）.A.disappointedB.excitedC.joyfulD.indifferent（分数：

（18）.A.adaptedtoB.cateredtoC.turnedtoD.reactedto（分数：

（19）.A.suggestingB.requiringC.mentioningD.supposing（分数：

（20）.A.EventuallyB.ConsequentlyC.SimilarlyD.Conversely（分数：

二、SectionⅡReadingCo（总题数：

0，分数：

0.00）

三、PartA（总题数：

四、Text1（总题数：

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:

areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?

TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'

rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'

impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'

sfearsandinsecurities.There'

ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'

tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'

sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'

simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'

low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'

savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?

Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldrop-outsby9%between1980-2000.

Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal（财政的）burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:

thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'

accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'

tallthatdramatic."

Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"

saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."

Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."

Toobadmostpeopledon'

trealizeit.

（1）.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'

sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.（分数：

2.00）

（2）.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.（分数：

（3）.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.（分数：

（4）.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.（分数：

（5）.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'

treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.（分数：

五、Text2（总题数：

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving"

topursuemygoalofrunningacompany"

.Broadcastinghisambitionwas"

verymuchmydecision."

McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn'

talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'

tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached