雅思入门基础 GRAMMAR 字体缩小版文档格式.docx
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主语+do/does+not+动词
Hedoesnotgoshopping.
（2）主语+be
Sheisgorgeous.
否定：
主语+be+not
Sheisnotgorgeous.
一般将来
IwillgotoShanghaiforbusinesstomorrow.
主语+will+not+动词
IwillnotgotoShanghaiforbusinesstomorrow.
一般过去：
Hefailedintheexam.
Iwasillyesterday.
否定形式：
主+didnot+动词
Hedidnotfallintheexam.
主+was/werenot+动词
Iwasnotillyesterday.
现在进行：
Thespringiscoming.
Thespringisnotcoming
现在完成：
Ihavefixedthecomputerforthegirl.
Ihavenotbeenabroad.
语态：
被动语态：
谓语体现时态上的差别
（被动语态，不突出动作的发出者，更加客观，更加简洁）
（谓语的形式：
be+done）
寺庙始建于1863年。
Thetemplewasbuiltin1863.
ParentalDiscretionisadvised
事故中200人丧生。
200peoplewerekilledintheaccident.
MissLeelovesherstudentsandislovedbyherstudents.
名词性句子：
目的：
完整具体的表达句子意义（不通过改变谓语）
句子====名词
中文：
凤姐很美是不可能的。
A:
Sisterphoenixisbeautiful.
B:
sthisimpossible.
Sisterphoenixisbeautiful.（句子）
thatsisterphoenixisbeautiful（名词）
Thatsisterphoenixisbeautifulisimpossible.
完整的句子前+that（语法上：
名词化/意义上：
无意义）
价格上涨让我难受。
Thepricewillrise.
Thatthepricewillrisemakesmerestless.
（*Itmakesmesadthatthepricewillrise.）
ThatDanielwumarriedLisa.
ThatDanielwumarriedLisabrokemyheart.
ItbrokemyheartthatDanielwumarriedlisa.
（that,when,how,why,where,if,whether）
Wherepricesroseisuncertain.
Idonotknowsth.
Idonotknowwhetheryouloveme.
ThisplaceiswhereImetheryesterday.
杭州是我邂逅林志玲的地方。
HangzhouiswhereIbrieflyencounteredLinZhilin.
ThisiswhyIwillspendallmylifeinlovingyou.
Sheislivingahappylife.
Sth.Makessb.Content.
Thatsheislivingahappylifemakeshimcontent.
Itmakeshimcontentthatsheislivingahappylife.
Heaskedifhisoperationwassuccessful.
HowBillwonthepriceisunknown.
Idonotknowwhyhedidnotgotoschool.
Ithinkthatyoushouldreadthisbook.
Hesaidthathecouldfinishhisworkbeforesupper.
Hesuggestedthatweshouldcleanthewindow.
Hetoldmethathewouldleavetomorrow.
Nooneknowshowheheardthenews.
IhavenotdecidedwhetherIwillgoabroad.
Thepoliceaskedmehowtheaccidenthappened.
Hedidn'
ttellmewhenwewouldmeetthegirl.
Pleasetellmewhereyoureadthenews.
Noneofusknowswherewecanbuythis.
Scientistspointoutthattheearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.
TellmewhentheshipsailsforNewYork.
Thatyoudidnotfinishedtheworkmademeunhappy.
Iknewwherehelivesandthatheislivingahappylife.
杭州是人们将之称为人间天堂的地方。
（what,who）的句子名词化
what，who先替换，后提前
Helikesgirls.
Idonotknowwholikesgirls.
whohelikes（名词性）
whatisinthebox（名词性）
Iwanttoknowwholikesgirls.
Billaskedwholikesgirls.
Iwanttoknowwhatisinthebox.
pleaseputthemedicineontheshelf.It’s__where__ourchildrencan’treachit.
Itcouldbejudgedfromhereyes__that____shewasterriblysorryfor__what___shehaddone.
—Wouldyoupleaseexplaintomeaboutthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?
—I’msorry,butthat’s___what___I'
mpuzzledabout.
______What__surprisesusisthatshedoesn’tevenknowthedifferencebetweenthetwoopinions
Youshouldbelieveyourcourageis__what____makesadifference.
Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate___what___willbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.
我把青春献给你。
Idevotemyyouthtoyou.
王菲是我将我的青春献出来的人。
WangfeiiswhoIwilldevotemyyouthto.
ProfessorBackmantookupscientificresearchfordecades,andthisis___what__hedevotedallhislifeto.
我们在网络上看到的很多东西都是扯淡的。
Muchofwhatwereadontheinternetisgroundless.
Wereadinformationontheinternet.
Hangzhouiswhatpeoplecallparadiseonearth.
ThewestlakeiswhereIbrieflyencounteredLinZhilin.
我们没有的东西总比我们有的东西要好。
Whatwedonothaveisalwaysbetterthanwhatwehave.
你得记住该记住的，忘记该忘记的。
Youshouldrememberwhatshouldberememberedandforgetwhatshouldbeforgotten.
紫禁城是人们将之描绘为传奇的地方。
TheForbiddenCityiswhatpeopledescribeasalegend.
Themanagerintheenddecidedtogivethechanceto__who_hadagoodcommandofEnglish.
I’dliketoofferthisjobto______isresponsibleforit.
Canyouexplain____why__mostdesertsarelocatednearthewestcoastofthecontinents?
CouldIspeakto__who____isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?
（beinchargeof....掌管）
名词性句子中的例外。
When/where/how/+N+BE
Idonotknowwhereheis.
（2）How+adj+N+BE
Idonotknowhowfarforeveris.
Idonotknowhowbeautifulsheis.
名词性句子表达的宽度：
人人都是自私的，都不愿意去关心不属于他们的东西。
Everyoneisselfishanddoesnotshowconcerntowhatdoesnotbelongtohimorher.
定语：
形式：
形容词，副词，todo,介宾，定语从句,doing,done
thegirlonthebalconyinasix-floorbuildingbetweentwostreetsismysister
theinfluenceofAIDS
theinfluenceonchildren
N+n个（介宾）
theinfluenceofAIDSonchildrenunder7inthewestpartofAfrica
theexpectationofhowbothchildrenandteachersshouldbehave
ThegraphbelowshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinaEuropeancountryin1979and2004.
Thechartbelowshowsthemainreasonsofstudyamongstudentsofdifferentagegroups.
Todo
thedesiretogoabroad
thehopetotravelinAfrica
theabilitytospeakEnglishandFrench
定从：
（主句的名词的被另一个从句“定”住，被“具体化”）
昨天给我苹果的男人是tommy的爸爸。
Themanwhogavemeanappleyesterdayistommy’sfather.
男人（这个男人昨天给我苹果）是tommy的爸爸。
Theman（whogavemeanappleyesterday）isTommy’sfather.
超人是会飞的人。
Asupermanisapersonwhocanfly.
我喜欢喝闻起来香的茶。
Iliketeawhichsmellsgood.
站在街角的那两个女孩是我的女朋友。
Thetwogirlswhoarestandingatthecorneraremygirlfriends.
王大川是个对爱情专一的男人。
WangBigwaterisamanwhoisconsistentinlove.
（主语）
他给我的苹果好吃。
Theappletastesgood.
Hegavemeanapple.
TheapplewhichHegavemetastesgood.
我朋友带我去看了我并不觉得有趣的展览。
Myfriendstookmetotheexhibition（which）Ididnotconsiderinteresting.
指代人：
who/whom/that
指代物：
which/that
从句的完整性：
关于省略：
从句中that，which，whom作宾语可省略
Theapple（that）Iboughtisgood.
Thestory（that）hetoldisgood.
Thegirl（whom）Imettoldmeastorythatwasreallyhorrible.
Thestory（that）Itoldyesterdaywasinteresting.
另一种定语从句
Iwentbackhomeatseven.Atseventheclasswasover.
Iwentbackhomeatseven__atwhich_theclasswasover.
Istillrecalltheday___which__Ispentwithyangmi.
IspentonedaywithXXX.
介词+which表时间=when
Manyfarmerswereworkingonthefarm__onwhich____thereweremanybirds.
Manyfarmerswereworkingonthefarm___which___looksbeautifulinsummer.
世界上有一些地方人们认为女孩子不能嫁给外村人。
（翻译：
语法精确，意思的完整）
Therearesomeareasintheworldwheresomethinkthatagirlcannotmarryaboyfromanothervillage.
带介词的定从
我喜欢跟我一起去学校的女孩。
Iamobsessedwiththegirlwithwhom
Igotoschool.
他用来写字的笔坏了。
Thepenwithwhichhewriteswasbroken.
他造了用来研究天空的望远镜。
Hebuiltatelescopewithwhichhestudiesthesky.
Thewolf__by__whichthesheepwaskilledwasshot.
Thewoman,____from__whomIlearnedthenews,isanurse.
Shehasthreechildren,oneof__whom____isatschool.
Shehasthreechildrenwhowenttothearmy.（她有三个当兵的孩子）（有可能不止三个孩子。
）
Shehasthreechildren,whowenttothearmy.（她有三个孩子，这三个孩子当兵）
Myglasses,___without____whichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.
在漆黑的夜晚，没有一个他能够寻求帮助的人。
Inthepitchdarknight,therewasnotapersontowhomhecouldturnforhelp.
Theage____after___whichchildrencangotoschoolisseven.
我用来上班的自行车被偷了。
Mybikewith/bywhichIgotoworkwasstolen.
他买了一本作者是一位老师的书。
Heboughtabook,theauthorofwhichisateacher.
（带介词定语从句中指代人介词后只能用whom）
有关whose的定语从句
HisparentswouldnotlethimmarryLily,thefamilyofwhomwaspoor．
HisparentswouldnotlethimmarryLily,whosefamilywaspoor．
Isoldthecar,thetireofwhichwasflat.
Isoldthecarwhosetirewasflat.
定语从句的例外：
Way方式……的方式
我不喜欢你对待你母亲的方式。
Idonotliketheway（inwhich）youtreatyourmother.
Way的定语从句inwhich经常省略
Idonotliketheway（inwhich）youtreated/yourmother.
Idonotlikethewayyoutreatedyourmother.
（注意定语从句名词性从句的区别）
Iwouldliketospeaktowhoisinchargeofthemeeting.
Iwouldliketospeaktothepersonwhoisinchargeofthemeeting.
Youcantakewhatyoulike.
Youcantakethestuffwhichyoulike.
aboybeatenbyhisfather
同位语
MyuncleJohnwenttoshanghai.
三鹿有毒的报道是真的。
Thereportthatlululuispoisonousistrue.
（that起连接作用）
ThereportthatIheardyesterdayistrue.
爱因斯坦提出一个理论------物质和能量是相同的。
AlbertEinsteinputforwardatheorythatmaterandqualityarethesame.
Thebeliefthatthecompanywillmakeagreatsuccessissharedbyeveryone.
我们得到中国男足战胜巴西男足的消息.
Weheard/got/had/receivedanewsthatChinesefootballteamhadbeatenBrazilianfootballteam.
NewscametousthatChinesefootballteamhadbeatenBrazilianfootballteam.
NewsarrivedthatChinesefootballteamhadbeatenBrazilianfootballteam.（物化的主语）
环境被全世界人所共有的事实使得每个人对它漠不关心。
Sthmakessbdosth.
Thefacthasmadepeopletodosth.
Thefacthasmadepeopletoshowindifferencetotheworld
Thefactthattheworldissharedbyeveryonehasmadepeopleshowindifferencetoit.
非谓语：
动词变化（doing，todo做名词充当主语，宾语）
Sth.ismyresponsibility.
Tospendtherestofmylifeinlovingyouismyresponsibility.
出国是我的目标。
Togoabroadismytarget.
看见杨幂让我开心。
SeeingYan
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