大学四级6Word下载.docx

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应试教育、缺少发挥机会等等3．采取有效措施，鼓励大学生创新

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正确答案：

（{{B}}SampleWritingDevelopCollegeStudents'

CreativeThinkingAbility{{/B}}Asweailknow,theabilitytothinkcreativelyplaysacrucialroleinbothindividualandsocialdevelopment.However,whenwecasuallypickupanewspaper,orturnontheTV,allkindsofcriticismofcollegestudents'

lackofinnovationalideascomefloodingtooureyesandears.Itissaidthatcollegestudentsaregoodatlearningknowledgefromtextbooks,buttheyareratherweakingeneratingtheirownideastosolvetheproblems.Whatcausesthisphenomenon?

Ithinktheanswerliesinthewaythatoureducationoperates.Foronething,thetest-orientededucationmodelistheprimarycause.Inthismodel,ourcollegestudentsareaccustomedtosolvingtheproblemsofwhichthestandardanswerisknown,buttheyarehardlytaughttotrytheirownideas.Theultimategoalofthiseducationistogaingoodtestresults,nottodevelopone'

screativewayofthinking.Foranother,schoolsandsocietyhavenotprovidedenoughopportunitiesforcommonstudentstotrytheirownideas.Whenastudentthinksupanewideaoneday,hewillfinditisnotsoeasytotryitout.Somewonderfulideasarewoefullylaidwasted.Theeducationalauthoritiesshouldattachgreaterimportancetodevelopingthestudents'

creativethinkingability.Wemightstartbyraisingthestudents'

awarenessoftheissue,andthentakeeffectivemeasurestoadjustthegoalofcollegeeducation,toprovidemoreopportunities,andsetuparewardsystemtoencouragecreativethinkingonthepartofstudents.）

解析：

二、{{B}}PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）{{/B}}（总题数：

70.00）

{{B}}Directions:

{{/B}}{{I}}Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.{{/I}}

{{B}}DaretoDream{{/B}}

Ourdreamsmayaffectourlives（andviceversa）morethanweeverrealized,saysgroundbreakingnewresearch.For11years,a58-year-oldanthropologist（人类学家）keptajournalofnearly5,000dreams.Byanalyzingcolorpatternsinthedreams,Arizona-basedresearcherRobertHosscouldaccuratelypredictcertainthingsabouttheman'

semotionalstate.Hosscorrectlyidentifiedtwoseparateyearswhenthemanexperiencedcrisesinhislife.Theanthropologistconfirmedthatin1997heclashedwithacolleagueoveramanagementissue,andin2003hehadafalling-outwithafriendthatleftdeepemotionalscars.

Hossisamongagrowinggroupofresearcherswho,thankstoadvancedpsychoiogicalresearchandcutting-edgemedicaltechnology,arebeginningtorevealthesecrets.hiddeninourdreamsandtheroledreamingplaysinourlives.Alookatsomeoftheirlatestdiscoveriescangiveusnewinsightsintothelanguageofdreamsandhelpusmakethemostofourtimeasleep.

{{B}}WhyDoWeDream?

{{/B}}

Dreamsareawayforthesubconscioustocommunicatewiththeconsciousmind.Dreamingofsomethingyouareworriedabout,researcherssay,isthebrain'

swayofhelpingyougetpreparedforadisasterincaseitoccurs.Dreamingofachallenge,forexample,givingapresentationatworkorplayingsports,canenhanceyourperformance.Andcognitive（认知的）neuroscientistshavediscoveredthatdreamsandtherapideyemovement（REM）thathappenswhileyouaredreamingarelinkedtoourabilitytolearnandremember.

Dreamingisa"

moodregulatorysystem,"

saysDr.Cartwright,chairmanofthepsychologydepartmentatRushUniversityMedicalCenterinChicago.Shehasfoundthatdreamshelppeopleworkthroughtheday'

semotionalupsanddowns.It'

slikehavingabuilt-intherapist.Whilewesleep,dreamscomparenewemotionalexperiencetooldmemories.Assheputsit,"

youmaywakeupandthink,'

whatwasuncleHarrydoinginmydream?

Ihaven'

tseenhimfor50years.'

Buttheoldandnewimagesareemotionallyrelated."

It'

sthejoboftheconsciousmindtofigureouttherelationship.

Infact,dreamemotionscarhelprealtherapiststreatpatientsundergoingtraumatic（创伤性的）lifeevents.Inanewstudyof30recentlydivorcedadults,Cartwrighttrackedtheirdreamsovera5-monthperiod,measuringtheirfeelingstowardtheirex-spouses.Shediscoveredthatthosewhowereangriestatthespousewhiledreaminghadthebestchanceofsuccessfullycopingwithdivorce.Iftheirdreamswerecalm,theyhadn'

tstartedtoworkthroughtheiremotionsanddealwiththedivorce.Fortherapists,thisfindingwillhelpdeterminewhetherdivorcedmenorwomenneedcounselingorhavealreadydreamedtheirtroublesaway.

{{B}}OneInterpretationDoesn'

tFitAll{{/B}}

Nodeviceletsresearchersreadthecontentofdreamswhilewesleep,butscientistsarefindingnewwaystointerpretoncewehaveawakened.ForgetSigmundFreud'

snotionthatdreamscontainimageswithuniversalmeaningsforallhisundeniableauthorityinthefieldofdreaminterpretation.Anewgenerationofpsychologistsinsiststhatdreamsymbolsdifferdependingonthedreamer.Inarecentstudy,JosephKoninck,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofOttawainCanada,asked13volunteerstomaketwofists:

oneofdetailsrecalledfromrecentdreams,andanotherofrecenteventsintheirwakingfives.Whenanalystswereaskedtomatchwhichvolunteerexperiencedwhichdream,theyfailed.Koninck'

sconclusion:

Eachpersonunderstandshisorherdreamsbetterthananyoneelse--includingtraditionalpsychoanalysts.

"

There'

sjustnoevidenceofuniversaldreamsymbols,"

saysKoninck."

Myadviceistothrowawayyourdreamdictionaryifyoureallywanttointerpretyourdreams."

{{B}}YourBrainonDreams{{/B}}

AcenturyaftertheFreudera,scientistsareonlynowdecodingthebiologyofhowwemanufacturedreams.AttheSleepResearchProgramattheUniversityofPittsburghMedicalCenter,Dr.Nofzinger"

looksinto"

thebrainsofsleepingsubjectsusingPETscansnormallyemployedtodetectcancerandotherdiseases.Byinjectingsubjectswithamildlyradioactivesubstance,hehastracedthesourceofthebrainthatcontrolsemotions.Duringdreaming,thelimbicsystemexplodeslikefireworkswithneural（神经的）activity,fillingourdreamswithdrama.

That'

swhysomanydreamsareaboutemotionalstates,"

saysNofzinger,"

wherewearerunningfromdangerorfacingananxioussituation.Thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsdreamsalsomanagesourinstincts,drives,sexualbehaviorandfight-or-flightresponse."

That'

swhydreamsareoftenstrangecombinationsofeventsandpeople.

{{B}}DecodingtheMeanings{{/B}}

Today,psychologistsareapplyingmodemtechnologytoprobethecontentofdreams.Hossusesacomputer-basedapproachcalledcontentanalysistointerpretthecolorsindreams.Morethan80percentofpeopledreamincolor,hesays,thoughonlyaquarterofthemrecalltheshadesthenextmorning.Tocollectdata,heanalyzednearly24,000dreams,cataloguedintwodatabases.Hisstudysuggestedthatspecificcolorsrepresentparticularemotions.Forexample,redmeansaction,excitementanddesire;

blueequalscalmnessandharmony;

blackhintsfear,anxietyandintimidation.

Thecluesareinthecolors.Hosshasbeentryingtodeterminetheemotionalstatesofadreamerbasedonhis/herdreamcolors.But,aswithsymbolsandaction,onesizedoesn'

tfitallwhenitcomestointerpretation.Usingcolorisyourbrain'

swayofpaintingdreamswithyouremotion,anddifferentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofusingcolor.

{{B}}WhatDreamsCanDoforYou{{/B}}

Psychologistshavelongknownthatpeoplecansolvetheirproblemsatworkandhomeby"

sleepingonit"

.Thechallengehasalwaysbeentotrainyourselftodreamupthesolutions.Dr.Barret,editorofthejournalDreaming,advisesindividualstoconsiderquestionsjustbeforefallingasleep（ShouldItakethisjob?

ShouldImarrythisguy?

）,andthenletthesubconsciousprovidetheanswers."

I'

veknownartistslookingforinspirationwhosimplydreamupafutureshowoftheirartandwakeupwithplentyofnewpaintingideas,"

saysBarrett."

Moreandmorepeoplearelearningthesetechniquestocontroltheirdreams."

Someresearchersbelieveyoucanguideyourdreamswhileyouaresleeping.Inrecentyears,StephenLaBerge,PhD,haspioneeredawayofdirectingthesleepingmindthrough"

luciddreaming"

inwhichasleepingpersonrealizeshe/sheisdreamingwhileitishappening.Luciddreamerscanexperiencefantasyadventures--likeflyingtothemoon,travelingthroughtimeormakingloveonabeach--whilefullyawarethattheyaredreaming.

AccordingtoLaBerge,luciddreamerscanusetheexperienceforavarietyofpurpose:

problemsolving,developingcreativeideasandhealing.PatriciaKeelin,a55-year-oldphotographerhasusedluciddreamingforeverythingfromtalkingtoherlong-deadfathertofeastingonsweets."

Chocolatealwaystastesbetterinluciddreamssinceyoudon'

thavetoworryaboutcalories,"

shesays,"

Luciddreamingisgreatandexciting,becauseit'

sfreeand'

availabletoeverybody."

Well,notentirelyfree.Althougheveryonehasthepotentialtodreamlucidly,itrarelyhappensroutinelywithoutspecialtraining.Instructionalworkshopsareneededtohelpindividualsparti