届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试题带答案解析Word文档格式.docx

届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试题带答案解析Word文档格式.docx

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fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

AbriefhistoryofChopsticks.

We’vediscussedthestoryofknifeandfork,butthere’sanothersetofutensils（器皿）usedbybillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld—andithasatrulyancientpast.TheChinesehavebeenwieldingchopstickssinceatleast1200B．C．,andbyA．D．500chopsticks1．（sweep）theAsiancontinentfromVietnamtoJapan.Fromtheirhumblebeginnings2．cookingutensilstopaper-wrappedbamboosetsatthesushicounter,there'

smoretochopsticksthanmeetstheeye.

Chopsticks3．（develop）about5000yearsagoinChina.The4．（early）versionswereprobablytwigsusedtogetfoodfromcookingpots.Whenresourcesbecamescare,around400B．C．,craftychefsfiguredout5．toconservefuelbychoppingfoodintosmallerpiecesthatrequiredlesscookingfuel,andbesides,itcouldbecookedmorequickly.Thisnewmethodofcookingmadeitunnecessarytohaveknivesatthedinnertable—apracticethatalsomatchedthenon-violentteachingsofConfucius（孔子），6．expressedinoneofhisnumerousquotations:

“thehonorableanduprightmankeepswellawayfromboththeslaughterhouse（屠宰房）andthekitchen.Andheallowsnoknivesonhistable.”Asavegetarian,hebelievedthatknives’sharppointsevoked（诱发）violence7．（kill）thehappy,contentedmoodthatshouldreignduringmeals.Thanksinparttohisteachings,chopstickusequicklybecamewidespreadthroughoutAsia.

Differentculturesadopteddifferentchopstickstyles.PerhapsinanodtoConfucius,Chinesechopsticksfeaturedabluntratherthanpointedend.InJapan,chopstickswere8incheslongformenand7incheslongforwomen.In1878theJapanesebecamethefirst8．（create）thenow-ubiquitousdisposableset,typicallymadeofbambooorwood.Wealthydinerscouldeatwithivory,jade,coral,brassoragateversions,whilethemostprivilegedusedsilversets.Itwasbelievedthatthesilverwouldcorrodeandturnblack9．itcameintocontactwithpoisonedfood.

Throughouthistory,chopstickshaveenjoyedasymbioticrelationshipwithanotherstapleofAsiancuisine:

rice.Atfirstglance,you'

dthinkthatricewouldn'

tmakethecut,butinAsiamostriceisoftheshort-ormedium-grainvariety.Thestarches（淀粉质食品）inthesericescreateacookedproductthatisgummyandclumpy,unlikethefluffyanddistinctgrainsofWesternlong-grainrice.10．chopstickscometogethertoliftsteamingbundlesofstickyrice,it'

samatchmadeinheaven.

Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

The“PennyBlack”,thefirstpostagestampissuedinBritainand,moreimportantly,thefirstpostagestampissuedanywhere,11．theimageofQueenVictoria,butthefirstBritishpostalservicedidn’toriginateinVictoriaEngland.In1860,WilliamDockwrastartedapublicservicethat12．thequickdeliveryofaletteranywhereinLondon.Hissystemwasquickly13．withDockwraincharge.Itwasfarfromaperfectsystem,14．withseeminglyimproperchargesthatmadeitunreasonablyexpensivetosendaletter.Worsestill,recipientswereexpectedtopay.Asyoumightimagine,this15．someproblems—eitherpeopleweren’thomeorflat—outrefusedtopay.Thesystemjustdidn’twork,butitremainedinplaceforfartoolong.

About50yearslater,todobetter,RollandHillarguedforputtinganendtothepostalchargesandreplacingthemwithasinglenationalrateofonepenny,whichwouldbepaidbythesender.WhenthepostofficeignoredHill’sideas,heself-publishedhisessayanditquicklygained16．amongthepublic.HillwasthenorderedbyPostmasterGeneralLordLichfieldtodiscusspostalreformand,duringtheirsubsequentmeetings,thetwomenconceivedofagluy17．thatcouldbeappliedtotheenvelopstoindicatepayment.Thoughithadgainedsupportwiththepublicwholongedforaaffordablywaytoconnectwithdistantfriendsandfamily,officialswerestillnotconvinced.Thankfully,Hillwasfarfromaloneinhispassionforreform.Heeventuallyearnedenoughsupportfromotherlike-mindedindividualstoconvinceParliamentto18．hissystem.

In1839,Hillheldacompetitiontodesignallthepostalfacility.Thewinningstamp19．describingtheyoungqueen’sprofilecamefromoneWilliamWyon,whobasedthedesignonamedalhecreatedtocelebratehisfirstvisittoLondon.

The“PennyBlack”stampwentonsaleonMay1,1840.Itwasanimmediate20．Suddenly,thecountryseemedalotsmaller.Thepennyblack’sdesignwassowellreceivedthatitremainedinuseforfortyyear.

Theterm“staycation”meansvacationsthatyoutakeathomeornearyourhomeratherthantravelingtoanotherplace.Itisiscloselyconnectedwithlesspollution,savingmoneyandnotcontributingtotheoverwhelmingdisorderthattakesplaceinsomeoftheworld'

smosttouristicareas.

Theconceptofstaycationwasbornatthetimeofthe2008market21intheUnitedStates.

Becauseofit,manyhouseholdswereforcedto22theirexpensesandconsequentlylimittheirvacationbudget.Theshortageofmoneytotravelabroadisattheoriginofwhymanypeoplestartedto（re）discovertheirmost23surroundings

Atthesametime,awarenessofthe24impactsoftourism,especiallyonwhatconcernstheimpactsoftransportation,startedtoincreasetoo.Andsodidtheperceptionthatsomeofthemaincities（abroad）areincreasinglyoverloadedwithpeople--withplacessuchasBarcelona,Venice,ortheSeychellesplanningon25atouristcap.

Staycationappearslikeagreatsolutionforthe26abovementioned.Itisagreatwayofspendingjoyfulvacationswhilehelpingone'

s27andtheenvironment.28,stayingclosetohomeeliminatesthebudgetforaccommodationandtransport.

Apartfromthefinancial29gainedbyleavingbehindexpensiveplaneticketsorbynotbookinghotelroomsthataren'

tcheap,staycationalsohasthebenefitofkeepingharmful30intheground.Cars,boats,andplanesarenot（orareless）used;

31,othermeansoftransportsuchaspublictransport,bicycles,electricscootersorjustwalkingarefavored.

Thisallowspeople'

scarbonfootprintsnotto32asmuchastheywouldiflongdistanceshadbeentraveled.

Astaycationisaformofalternativetourismthatisfullyinlinewiththeslowtourismtrend.Slowtourisminvitesyoutoliveinthe33moment.Itencouragesyoutotakeyourtime,discovernearbylandscapes,reconnectandspendmoretimeoutdoorsinnaturewiththepeopleyouenjoy,Therearenofully-bookeddays,andthereisno34togofromoneactivitytoanotherjusttostaybusyallthetime.

Giventhemultiple35oflocaltourism,younolongerhaveareasontobeembarrassedatthecoffeemachineatworkwhenyouareaskedwhereyouaregoingonvacationthisyear.

21．A．valueB．sectorC．crisisD．shares

22．A．restrictB．bearC．avoidD．meet

23．A．cheerfulB．immediateC．pollutedD．attractive

24．A．limitedB．financialC．culturalD．environmental

25．A．introducingB．stoppingC．postponingD．raising

26．A．challengesB．assessmentC．tasksD．applications

27．A．voyageB．mindC．pocketD．hometown

28．A．InadditionB．ForexampleC．InfactD．Onthecontrary

29．A．servicesB．adviceC．resourcesD．savings

30．A．emissionsB．exposureC．vehiclesD．strategies

31．A．thereforeB．insteadC．howeverD．moreover

32．A．lastB．fallC．increaseD．change

33．A．historicB．presentC．criticalD．climatic

34．A．goodB．harmC．blameD．rush

35．A．advantagesB．challengesC．platformsD．themes

BrookeMartin’sgoldenretriever（金毛猎犬）Kaylahatedbeingleftaloneorseparated.Shewouldhowl,pace,andchewonthings.Brookelearnedthatotherpeoplehadthesameproblemwiththeirpets.Shewondered:

―Whatifyoucouldtalktoyourdogifyouweregone?

Workingwithherfatherintheirgarage,the16-year-oldcameupwithseveralideas.Finally,sheinventedadevicethatallowedpetownerstovideochatwiththeirpets!

ShecallsthedeviceiCPooch.―Thedogdoesn’thavetoanswerthecall,explainsBrooke.―Itcomesupimmediatelyonthescreenontheirend.It’satwo-wayaudioandvideo—youcanseeandheareachother.Withaclickofabuttonyoucanevensendthedogatreat!

Herinventionhasearnedheraspotcompetingagainstnineotherfinalistsinayoungscientistcompetitionformiddle-schoolstudents.Thesefinalists,selectedbasedontheirshortvideopresentations,areworkingwithmentorsoverthesummerbeforeheadingtothefinalcompetitioninSt.Paul,Minn.

AfterMartin’svideoputheramongthe10finalistsintheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge,shewaspairedwithDelonyLanger-Anderson,aproductdevelopmentscientistin3M’sconsumerhealthcaredivision.―Ijustleadherdowntheproductdevelopmentpath,Langer-AndersontoldLiveScience.Thispathincludesguidanceonhowtotestthepotentialproduct,whichcombinesavideochatdevicethatanswersimmediatelyonthedog’sendwithadogtreatdevicetheownercanremotelyactivate.

OnethingIhavethoughtaboutalotis,whathappensifwhilethedeviceisonthefloor,whatifyourdogknocksitover,orscratchesthescreen?

Martinsaid.SheandLanger-Andersondiscussedthis,andMartinisnowtestingmaterialsatalocaldogshelterbytapingthemtothedoghousefloorstoseehowwelltheywithstandsharpteethandclaws.

Thefinalistscreatemodelstheycantest,withtheguidancefromamentor.Theirprojectsincludeafuelcellthattransformscutgrassintoelectric