高中主谓一致个性化讲义9Word文件下载.docx
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教学目的
1.掌握就近原则
2.熟悉各类连词及几何名词的主谓一致用法
教学内容
高中英语主谓一致
一)主谓一致的种类
1.语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;
主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
如:
Thenumberofthestudentspresentis200.
JaneandMarylookalike.
2.意义上一致
1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
Thecrowdwereshouting.
单数形式代表复数内容的词有:
people,police,cattle等。
2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
Thenewswassosurprising.
形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics,economics等。
3.就近原则
即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
如用连词or,either…or,neither…not,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wangknowsthis.
★
(二)主谓一致的应用
1.名词作主语
1)某些集体名词,如family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。
Hisfamilyisahappyone.
ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.
这类名词有:
audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。
名词population一词的使用情况类似。
“agroup(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。
2)某些集体名词,如people,police,cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。
Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.
3)单、复数同形的名词主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。
Asheepisoverthere.
Somesheepareoverthere.
4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。
Thedoctor’sisacrossthestreet.
Myuncle’sisnotfarfromhere.
常见的省略名词有:
thebaker’s,thebarber’s,thecarpenter’s,theZhang’s等。
表示店铺的名词,一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。
Richardson’shavealotofgoodstosell.
5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。
Threeyearshaspassedsincethen.
6)不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.
★★7)如果主语有morethanone…或manya…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.
Manyagirlhasbeenthere.
但是,“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。
Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.
8)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,例如:
glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。
但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.
9)thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语动词用单数;
短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)(这一类人),但thiskindofmen的谓语动词用单数,menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语动词用复数,allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。
Thiskindofmenisdangerous.
Menofthiskindaredangerous.
10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致原则,作用单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数。
means(方法),works(工厂),species(种类),Chinese,Japanese等。
The(This)glassworkswassetupin1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。
)
The(These)glassworksareneartherailwaystation.(这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。
当它们前面有a,sucha,this,that修饰时,谓语用单数;
有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语用复数,但means,nomeans,themeans等词前没有以上修饰词时,可用作单数,也可用作复数。
11)如果名词词组中心词是all,most,half,rest等词语,所指的复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;
反之,用单数。
Allofmyclassmateslikemusic.
Allofthewaterisgone.
12)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.
★2.由连接词连接的名词作主语
1)用and或both…and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Plasticsandrubberneverrot.
Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.
但是,并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。
Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.
Thegirl’steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.
Toloveandtobelovedisgreathappiness.
Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.
Aknifeandforkisonthetable.
2)当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数而定。
Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.
3)以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的名词(代词)作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。
Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.
Eitheryouorheistogo.
★★3.代词作主语
1)名词性物主代词作主语时,既可以用作单数,也可以用作复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。
Ours(OurParty)isagreatparty.
Yourshoesareblack,andmine(=myshoes)arebrown.
2)such,thesame起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。
Suchisourplan.Sucharehiswords.
3)关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.
Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.
4)疑问代词who,what,which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。
Wholivesnextdoor?
ItisXiaoLiu.
Wholivenextdoor?
ItisZhangandLiu.
Whatproduce(s)heat?
5)不定代词any,either,neither,none,allsome,more等作主语时,有以下两种情况:
单独作主语时,视其在文中的意义,动词用单数或复数形式,例如:
Nowallhasbeenchanged.Allarepresent.
either,neither单独作主语时,谓语通常用单数。
但后接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,动词当然用单数形式,若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更常用。
Do(es)anyofyouknowhisaddress?
Noneofthemhas(have)seenthefilm.
★★4.分数、量词作主语
1)“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsofplentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语,例如:
Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.
Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.
和这种情况类似的还有“anumberof+名词复数”,但是,“thenumberof+名词”的中心词却是number,试比较:
Anumberofstudentshavegonehome.
Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意:
(large)quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数,例如:
Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.
短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”;
insmallquantities意为“少量”。
2)agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;
largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数,例如:
Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.
Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.
3)表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,例如:
Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.
4)halfof,(a)partof修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。
★5.名词化的形容词作主语
如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数,这类词有:
thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;
但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。
Theblindstudyinspecialschools.
Thedepartedwasawell-knownengineer.
这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数连和,如:
anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier
6.从句作主语
1)由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,例如:
Whatweneedismoretime.
Whatweneedaredoctors.
2)在“oneof+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。
Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthathavebeentold.
但是当one之前有theonly等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式。
Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslate.
1.Three______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.
A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeople
C.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples
2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.
A.ishandingoutB.aretohandout
C.arehandingoutD.istohandout
3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.
A.istohold;
isB.istobeheld;
was
C.aretohold;
isD.aretobeheld;
is
5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.
A.were;
itB.are;
them
C.was;
itD.is;
6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.
A.isexploitedB.areexploited
C.hadexploitedD.haveexploited
7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.
A.areB.aregoingtobe
C.isD.istobe
9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?
A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is
11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.
A.isB.areC.haveD.has
12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.
A.arewatchingB.iswatching
C.isseeingD.areseeing
13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.
A.wasB.were
C.havebeenD.wouldbe
14.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoung
peopleontheirwaytothevillage.
A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits
15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.
A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreserved
C.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreserved
16.There______littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.
A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen
17.Whatsuchasunsetis______strangetousall.
A.goingtobeB./C.isD.that
18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface______withwater.
A.iscoveredB.iscovering
C.werecoveredD.arecovered
19.Thefollowing______someothermentaldiseases.
A.beingB.areC.wasD.were
20.NotonlyyoubutalsoI______abletohelphimout.
A.areB.isC.amD.were
21.“TheKites”______usastoryofthekite’shistory.
A.havetoldB.tells
C.weretoldD.wastold
22.YouandI_____twinsisters.
A.wereB.areC.isD.am
23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher_______ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.
A.aretellingB.istellingC.aregivenD.weregiven
24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbish________overalargeperiodoftime.
A.rotsawayB.rotaway
C.hasrottedawayD.arerottedaway
25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers_______thenewly-builtstadium.
A.iscleaningB.arecleaning
C.werecleaningD.havecleaned
26.Manyastudent______somethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.
A.haveknownB.knows
C.isknownD.areknown
27.Thedefenceworks______builtlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.
A.wereB.hasbeen
C.hadbeenD.was
28.“Haveyouallstudiedthepassage‘UsingtheMindagainstDisease’?
”
“______.”
A.NobodyofushasB.Nobodyofushave
C.Noneofushas