高考试题阅读理解汇编Word下载.docx

高考试题阅读理解汇编Word下载.docx

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　　Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.

Don’tforgettheclock—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories（卡路里）permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.

Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake（摄入）jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.

【文章大意】你的房间的灯光、颜色等和用餐时摄入的量有关,所以和你的体重有关。

25.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout　　　.

A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshape

C.housebuyingD.healthydiets

【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

根据第一段的内容可知,专家认为房间的设计和体重的增减有关,所以这篇文章对关心体型的人有帮助。

26.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople　　　.

A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintake

C.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites

细节理解题。

根据第三段可知,在蓝色房间用餐的人们比在黄色或红色房间用餐的人们吃得少。

27.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?

A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic.

C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.

【解析】选C。

根据第二段可知,明亮的环境会使人减少食物的摄入。

根据第四段可知,慢吃且听放松的音乐比快吃好。

另外,最后一段告诉我们用小号的餐具也会使我们吃得少。

28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?

B.WaysofServingDinner

C.EffectsofSelf-Consciousness

D.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?

【解析】选A。

主旨大意题。

本文主要告诉我们一个人的房间的灯光、颜色等和用餐时摄入的量有关。

即与你的胖瘦有关。

安徽卷·

阅读理解C）

科普知识　　词数:

288　　难度:

★★★★

　　AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformation,arepeoplerememberingless?

Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformation,whystoreitinyourownpersonalmemory,yourbrain?

ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.

Inarecentstudy,ProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowhowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperiment,theygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Later,thesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagain,sotheydidnottrytorememberit.

Inanotherexperiment,theresearchersgavepeoplefactstoremember,andtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationonthecomputer.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder（文件夹）.Surprisingly,peoplelaterrememberedthefolderlocation（位置）betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternet,theydonotremembertheinformation.Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalled“transactivememory（交互记忆）”.

AccordingtoSparrow,wearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Instead,computerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;

thatis,peoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdate.Thisdoesn’tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligent,butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.

【文章大意】本文是论说文。

文章通过对专家Sparrow的实验和研究发现的阐述,说明互联网不是使人的记忆力下降了,而是使人们记忆信息的方式发生了改变。

64.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto　　　.

A.introducethemaintopic

B.showtheauthor’sattitude

C.describehowtousetheInternet

D.explainhowtostoreinformation

逻辑结构题。

根据第一段提出的两个问题,结合文章后几段的内容,可知文章对这两个问题进行了讨论、解决。

可见第一段提出的这两个问题的目的是介绍文章的主要话题。

故选A。

65.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?

A.TheSparrow’steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.

B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.

C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheinformation.

D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.

根据第二段“参与实验的第一组的人员因知道他们可以在电脑里再次找到他们需要的信息,所以他们没试图记住它”可知第一组的人没试图记住这些信息。

故选C。

66.Intransactivememory,people　　　.

A.keeptheinformationinmind

B.changethequantityofinformation

C.organizeinformationlikeacomputer

D.rememberhowtofindtheinformation

【解析】选D。

根据第三段可知“交互记忆”就是人们在使用网络时并不试图记住一些信息,而是记住如何找到某些信息。

这说明在“交互记忆”中人们记住的是如何找到某些信息。

故选D。

67.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow’sresearch?

A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.

B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.

C.Wehavepoorermemoriesthanbefore.

D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

根据最后一段Sparrow的研究发现可知不是人们的记忆力差了,而是人们记忆信息的方式正在发生改变,也就是说人们在使用不同的方式来记忆信息。

北京卷·

透明生物　　　　词数:

430W　　　　　难度:

LifeintheClear

Transparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.Theseanimalstypicallylivebetweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3,300feet—asfarasmostlightcanreach.Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch.SonkeJohnsen,ascientistinbiology,says,“Theseanimalslivethroughtheirlifealone.Theynevertouchanythingunlessthey’reeatingit,orunlesssomethingiseatingthem.”

Andtheyareasclearasglass.Howdoesananimalbecomesee-through?

It’strickierthanyoumightthink.

Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwithlight.Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowandscatter（散射）light,bouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.Othersabsorblight,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringandabsorptionmakeanobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,soyoucanseeiteasily.

Butatransparentobjectdoesn’tabsorborscatterlight,atleastnotverymuch.Lightcanpassthroughitwithoutbendingorstopping.Thatmeansatransparentobjectdoesn’tlookverydifferentfromthesurroundingairorwater.Youdon’tseeit—youseethethingsbehindit.

Tobecometransparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfromabsorbingorscatteringlight.Livingmaterialscanstoplightbecausetheycontainpigments（色素）thatabsorbspecificcolorsoflight.Butatransparentanimaldoesn’thavepigments,soitstissueswon’tabsorblight.AccordingtoJohnsen,avoidingabsorptionisactuallyeasy.Therealchallengeispreventinglightfromscattering.

Animalsarebuiltofmanydifferentmaterials—skin,fat,andmore—andlightmovesthrougheachatadifferentspeed.Everytimelightmovesintoamaterialwithanewspeed,itbendsandscatters.Transparentanimalsusedifferenttrickstofightscattering.Someanimalsaresimplyverysmallorextremelyflat.Withoutmuchtissuetoscatterlight,itiseasiertobesee-through.Othersbuildalarge,clearmassofnon-livingjelly-like（果冻状的）materialandspreadthemselvesoverit.

Largertransparentanimalshavethebiggestchallenge,becausetheyhavetomakeallthedifferenttissuesintheirbodiesslowdownlightexactlyasmuchaswaterdoes.Theyneedtolookuniform.Buthowthey’redoingitisstillunknown.Onethingisclearfortheselargeranimals,stayingtransparentisanactiveprocess.Whentheydie,theyturnanon-transparentmilkywhite.

【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文,文章解释了生活在海洋里的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。

63.AccordingtoParagraph1,transparentanimals　　　.

A.stayingroups

B.canbeeasilydamaged

C.appearonlyindeepocean

D.arebeautifulcreatures

根据第一段中的句子Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch可知,大多数透明动物特别脆弱,轻轻接触都会对它们造成伤害,故选B。

64.Theunderlinedword“dead”inParagraph3means　　　.

A.silently　　　　　　　B.gradually

C.regularlyD.completely

词义猜测题。

由第三段可知,有些动物可以延缓并散射光线,使光线偏离以前的轨道,另一些动物会吸收光线,使其dead止于以前的轨道上。

根据这个逻辑关系dead应为“完全”止于以前的轨道上,故选择D项。

65.Onewayforananimaltobecometransparentisto　　　.

A.changethedirectionoflighttravel

B.gathermaterialstoscatterlight

C.avoidtheabsorptionoflight

D.growbiggertostoplight

根据第五段中的句子Tobecometransparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfromabsorbingorscatteringlight可知,一个动物想要变得透明就要避免它的身体散射或吸收光线,因此C项是其中的一个方法,即避免吸收光线,故选C。

66.Thelastparagraphtellsusthatlargertransparentanimals　　　.

A.movemoreslowlyindeepwater

B.staysee-throughevenafterdeath

C.producemoretissuesfortheirsurvival

D.takeeffectiveactiontoreducelightspreading

由最后一段可知,对于体形较大的动物来说,保持透明是一个积极的过程,需要减少光线的传播,所以答案为D。

江苏卷·

电子废品　　词数:

390W　　难度:

IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.

Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherin　so-callede-wastetha