大学六级考试阅读专项训练5篇Word格式.docx

大学六级考试阅读专项训练5篇Word格式.docx

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sbook, 

ElmoPopsIn, 

andinstructshertoengrossherselfinitspages."

Justhaveaconversationwithmeaboutthebook,"

Harttellsher."

Themostimportantthingis,donotlookatVictoria."

Asthetwowomenchat,Victorialooksaroundtheroom,feelingalittlebored.

Afterafewminutes,Hartleavestheroomandreturnscradlingalifelikebabydoll.Dramatically,HartplacesitinCherylBateman'

sarms,andtellshertoembracethedollwhilecontinuingtoignoreVictoria."

That'

sOK,littlebaby,"

Batemancoos,huggingandrockingthedoll.Victoriaisnotboredanymore.Atfirst,shecracksherbestsmile.Whenthatdoesn'

twork,shebeginskicking.Buthermompayshernomind.That'

swhenVictorialosesit.Soonshe'

scryingsoharditlookslikeshemightspitup.Hartrushesin."

OK,we'

redone,"

shesays,andtakesbackthedoll.CherylBatemangoestocomfortherdaughter."

I'

veneverseenherreactlikethattoanything,"

shesays.Overthelast10months,Harthasrepeatedthescenehundredsoftimes.It'

sthesameinnearlyeverycase:

tinybabies,overwhelmedwithjealousy.EvenHartwasstunnedtofindthatinfantscouldexperienceanemotion,which,untilrecently,wasthoughttobewaybeyondtheirgrasp.

FindingsofBabyResearch

Thenewresearchissuretoconfusenewparents-see,Juniorisagenius-butit'

smorethanjustanacademicexercise.Armedwiththenewinformation,pediatricians（儿科医生）arestartingtochangethewaytheyevaluatetheiryoungestpatients.Inadditiontotrackingphysicaldevelopment,theyarenowfocusingmuchmoredeeplyonemotionaladvancement.Theresearchshowshowpowerfulemotionalwell-beingistoachild'

sfuturehealth.Ababywhofailstomeetcertainkey"

emotionalmilestones"

mayhavetroublelearningtospeak,readand,later,dowellinschool.Byreadingemotionalresponses,doctorshavebeguntodiscoverwaystotellifababyasyoungas3monthsisshowingearlysignsofpossiblepsychologicaldisorders,includingdepression,anxiety,learningdisabilitiesandperhapsautism. 

Oneoftheearliestemotionsthateventinybabiesdisplayis,admirablyenough,empathy.Infact,concernforothersmaybehard-wiredintobabies'

brains.Placeanewborndownnexttoanothercryinginfant,andchancesare,bothbabieswillsoonbewailing（悲叹）away."

Peoplehavealwaysknownthatbabiescrywhentheyhearotherbabiescry,"

saysMartinHoffman,apsychologyprofessoratNewYorkUniversitywhodidthefirststudiesoninfantempathyinthe1970s."

Thequestionwas,whyaretheycrying?

"

Doesitmeanthatthebabyistrulyconcernedforhisfellowhuman,orjustannoyedbytheracket?

ArecentstudyconductedinItaly,whichbuiltonHoffman'

sownwork,haslargelysettledthequestion.Researchersplayedforinfantstapesofotherbabies'

crying.Aspredicted,thatwasenoughtostartthetearsflowing.Butwhenresearchersplayedbabies, 

recordingsoftheirowncries,theyrarelybegancryingthemselves.Theverdict:

thereissomeempathyinplace,rightfrombirth,"

Hoffmansays.Theintensityoftheemotiontendstofadeovertime.Babiesolderthan6monthsnolongercrybutgrimace（作苦相）atthediscomfortofothers.By13to15months,babiestendtotakemattersintotheirownhands.They'

lltrytocomfortacryingplaymate."

WhatIfindmostcharmingiswhen,evenifthetwomothersarepresent,they'

llbringtheirownmotherovertohelp,"

Hoffmansays.

Partofthatempathymaycomefromanotherearly-babyskill,theabilitytodiscernemotionsfromthefacialexpressionsofthepeoplearoundthem."

Mosttextbooksstillsaythatbabiesyoungerthan6monthsdon'

trecognizeemotions,"

saysDianeMontague,assistantprofessorofpsychologyatLaSalleUniversityinPhiladelphia.Toputthatbelieftothetest,Montaguecameupwithatwistoneveryinfant'

sfavoritegame,andrecruiteddozensof4-month-oldstoplayalong.Shebeganbypeekingaroundaclothwithabigsmileonherface.Predictably,thebabiesweredelighted,andstaredatherintently-thetime-testedwaytotellifababyisinterested.Onthefourthpeek,though,Montagueemergedwithasadlookonherface.Thistime,theresponsewasmuchdifferent."

Theynotonlylookedaway,"

shesays,butwouldn'

tlookbackevenwhenshebegansmilingagain.Refusingtomakeeyecontactisaclassicbabysignofdistress.Anangryfacegottheirattentiononceagain,buttheirfacesshowednopleasure."

Theyseemedprimedtobealert,evenvigilant,"

Montaguesays."

Irealizethat'

sspeculativeinregardtoinfants...Ithinkitshowsthatbabiesyoungerthan6monthsfindmeaninginexpressions."

Theyarealsofarmoresophisticatedintellectuallythanweoncebelieved.Babies,asyoungas4months,haveadvancedpowersofdeductionandanabilitytounderstandtheintricatepatterns.Theyhaveasurprisinglyvisualpalette（燃料，调色板）,whichenablesthemtonoticesmalldifferences,especiallyinfaces,thatadultsandolderchildrenlosetheabilitytosee.Untilababyis3monthsold,hecanrecognizeaphotographofhismotherjustasquicklyasaphotoinwhicheverythingisintherightplace.

ChallengesandDangersofBabyResearch

Thismightbeagoodplacetopauseforawordaboutthechallengesanddangersofbabyresearch.Sincethesubjectscan'

tspeakforthemselves,figuringoutwhat'

sgoingoninsidetheirheadsisoftenamatterofreadingtheirfacesandbodylanguage.Ifthisseemsspeculative,it'

snot.Overdecadesoftrialanderror,researchershavefine-tunedtheirobservationskillsandzeroedinonnumerousconsistentbabyresponsestovariousstimuli:

howlongtheystareatanobject,whattheyreachoutforandwhatmakesthemrecoilinfearordisgustcanoftentellexperiencedresearcherseverythingtheyneedtoknow.Morerecently,scientistshaveaddedEEGsandlasereyetracking,whichallowmoreprecisereadings.

1. 

Thepassageismainlyaboutthoseresearchesthatfocusontheemotionalandintellectualabilitiesofthoseveryyoungbabies.

2. 

ThepurposeoftheexperimentonVictoriaBatemanistofindouthowimportantthemother'

sloveistoherbaby.

3. 

Intheexperiment,VictoriaBatemancriedbecauseshethoughtthathermotherdidn'

tloveheranymore.

4. 

Onlythroughreadingemotionalresponsescandoctorstellwhethera3-monthbabywillgetpossiblepsychologicaldisorders.

5. 

Pediatriciansarenowpayinglessattentiontophysicaldevelopmentoftheirbabypatientsbutmoreto_________________.

6. 

Hoffman'

sstudyrevealedthatbabiesareborntoshowothercryingbabies_________________.

7. 

ThefindingsofDiane'

stestdemonstratedthebaby'

sabilitytorecognize_________________.

8. 

Itisamazingtofindthatthevisualpaletteofababyhelpshimtonotice_________________. 

9. 

Asforthechallenges,thoseresearchershavetoobtainthosefindingsaboutbabies'

mindbyreading_________________.

10. 

Inordertogainmoreprecisereadings 

aboutbabies'

mind,scientistshaveadoptedtheskillsofEEGsand_________________. 

Passage2

ThePowerofPersonalAttitudes

Eachofusismadeupofvariousphysical,vital,andmentalparts.Thereisourphysicalbodyanditsorgans,muscles,etc;

thevitalbeingwithitssensations,emotionsandfeelings,andthementalpartwithitsthoughts,memories,reasoningpower,beliefs,etc.Somewherebetweenouremotionsandourthoughtprocessinglieourattitudes--ouremotionalperceptionsaboutlife,aboutothers,eventowardsourownselves.Attitudesgenerallyexpresspositivelyandnegatively.E.g.whenIhavegoodfeelingstowardsmyworkortowardsothers,theattitudeispositive.WhenIfeelreluctanttodocertainthingsthatarenecessary,orshowhostilitytowardscertainindividuals,thenmyattitudeisnegative.

AttitudesAboutOurselves,Others,Life

Thoughwehavemanyattitudesaboutallaspectsoflife,ifwelookalittlecloserwecanidentifythreebasictypes—thosethathavetodowithourselves,thosewehaveaboutothersandtheobjectsaroundus,andthosewehavetowardslifeitself.Anexampleofanegativeattitudeaboutourselvesishavinglowself-esteem,orlowself-confidence.Anexampleofawantingattitudesaboutothersisafeelingillwilltowardsanotherperson,orbeingmistrustfulofothers.Anexampleofanegativeattitudetowardslifeisbeingpessimisticthatthingswillneverturnoutwell.Thegoodnewshoweveristhatifwecha