一般功能词汇Word格式.docx
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词汇讲解:
dueto“由于,因…造成”,引导的短语在句中除可作状语(此时不用于句首)外,也可作表语或定语。
dueto后面不能接句子。
用法:
[例句]However,duetothestressfromwork,theycaneatsomeextractednutritionpillssuchasGNCseriesproductstomakeupforlossesofnotcookingfood.
[对应托福话题]Peoplewillspendlesstimeoncookingfood.
练习:
()theheavypressurefromwork,youngpeoplehardlyhavetimetogobackhomeandtalkwiththeseniors.Somepeoplejustsendenoughmoneytothembutseldomtalkwiththem.
Duringseveraldecades,wehaveseenaobviouschange()globalization.
AgroupofhighlyintelligentandcreativehumansfromNewMexico'
ChacoCanyon,vanished()aseveredrought.
(2)表示因此
therefore/hence/thus/asaconsequence/asaresult,consequently/sothat
therefore表示因此,可用在句首和句中都可以
[例句]Therefore,youngpeopleshouldexperienceavarietyofjobstoidentifythejobthatmostsuitsthem.
[对应托福话题]Youngpeopleshouldtakedifferentkindsofjobsbeforetheytakeacareerinalongterm.
(),basicaestheticknowledgeisindispensibleforeverypersontobetaughtsinceheorsheisyoung.
(),parentsshouldunderstandthisandlettheirchildrenlearnwhattheyareinterested.
Modernlifeismoreandmorecomplexand(),itisessentialforyoungpeopletohavetheabilitytoplanandorganize.
(3)表示导致产生
leadto/resultin/beresponsiblefor/giveriseto/cause/generate
leadto:
这个短语有两种解释,一是“通往、通向”:
Thepathledtothatvillage.第二种解释是“导致”:
Theleadershipofmycollegeclosestheireyestowasteofwaterandelectricity,leadingtheresourcesshortage.
[例句]Therefore,betterenvironmentwillleadtoaprofoundeffectonthedevelopmentofourcountry.
[对应托福话题]Improvingschoolsisthemostfactorinsuccessfuldevelopmentofcountry.
Whatisworse,Authorizingchildrenmoneywillalso()disharmonyinafamily.
Foranother,somecountrieswastemuchmoneyonpreservethenationaltraditionalarts,whichcan()layaheavyfinancialburdenonthearts.
Also,theperfectvisualeffectonscreen,tosomeextent,can()riseontherateofTVprograms.
(4)表示转折
however/but/yet/nonetheless/nevertheless
however:
意为“可是,然而,尽管”,较but的意味弱,通常用作连接性状语。
其位置可以在句首,句末或插入句中。
当其被用来对照两个分句时,中间需要有一个逗号;
当它被用作句子的插入语时,则前后应各有一个逗号。
[例句]However,eventhoughparentscanhelpchildrengetthroughthetemporarysituationsatpresent,childrenstillhavetomeetmorechallengingtaskinthefuturestudyandwork.
[对应托福话题]Parentsshouldallowchildrentomaketheirownchoicesratherthandeterminetheirchildren’sfutureforthem.
(),parentsandeducatorsarehavingdifferentopinionsaboutwhethertelevisionadvertisingtoyoungchildrenshouldbeallowedornot.
(),aslongasparentsfilteredthenegativeadvertisementsinadvance,theproblemcanbeaddressed.
(),othersocialinstitutions,largecorporationsandaccomplishedalumnicanshoulderthedutytorewardthesocietybydonatingmoneytouniversities,wherethestirringideasforcivilizationandhumanprogresscomefrom.
(5)表示让步
although/though/eventhough/despite/despitethefactthat/inspiteof
despite:
意思是尽管,是介词,不是连词,所以不能用来引导句子,若其后要跟that从句,需插入thefact
[例句]However,weshouldconcedethatdespitethefactthattherearemanymeritsforchildrennottostudyartormusic,overextendedhighlightingitsgoodaspectswillbeindeedcounterproductive,evenharmful.
[对应托福话题]Youngerschoolchildren(agesfivetoten)shouldberequiredtostudyartandmusicinadditiontomath,science,historyandlanguage.
()theclearneedforadditionalgalleryandstoragespace,however,"
themuseumhasnoplan,noplantobreakoutofitsenvelopeinthenextfifteenyears.
Inconclusion,despiteenormousindifferenceexistinginthecurrentsociety,weshouldenhancethecommunicationamongneighborhoodbecausewecanobtainmanybenefitsfromit.
Somuchdothosepeopleincontemporarysocietypayattentiontotheirappearancethattheyevenpursuitthem()howcostlytheymaybe.
第二类:
事物数量
(1)表示很多
alarge/significant/vastnumberof/numerous/agreat/significantdeal(amount)of/plentyof
alarge/significant/vastnumberof/numerous接可数名词,表示很多个,agreat/significantdeal(amount)of/plentyof接不可数名词,表示很多,大量
[例句]Nowadaystechnologyhassimplifiedtheprocedureofalargenumberoftasksandoperations.
[对应托福话题]Technologyhasmadechildrenlesscreativethantheywereinthepast.
Personallyspeaking,Istillsticktotheideathathomecookingisbecomingalostartin()households.
Thespokes-character,“I’mlovingit”withthecoloredfigureleftchildrendeepimpressionwhilememorizing()basicfoodnameslikesandwiches,chicken,breakfast,salads,beverages,dessertsandcafeetc.
Toconclude,althoughuniversitiesneedmorebudgetstodobuildcampuses,remodellaboratoriesandrefilllibraries,()socialorganizations,companiesandindividualscanraisefundforthem.
(2)表示很少
verylittle/veryfew/solittle/sofew/smallquantityof
little指的是几乎没有,接不可数名词,而alittle表示有一点儿的意思。
few有类似用法
[例句]Oncebeyondacertainthreshold,moneyhaslittleornoeffectonhappiness.ManywealthypeoplehaveexperiencedthisandarenothappieranymoreInfact,somewealthypeoplearecompletelyunhappy.
[对应托福话题]Mostbusinesspeoplearemotivatedonlybythedesireformoremoney.
()peoplewilluseprintedbookssinceitisheavy,difficulttolookup,easytobeoutofdate.
Intwentyyears,therewillbe()carsinusethantherearetoday?
Peoplewouldbehappierwith()possessions.
(3)表示各种各样
diverse/various/unlike/dissimilar/distinct
diverse:
表示多样性的,各种不同属性的,名词形式diversity
[例句]Moreover,forsomepeoplewhosemajorsaregeneralsciences,suchaschemistry,physicsandsoforth,whichmeansitishardforthemtoselectaclear-cutcareer,tryingdiversejobsisnotarationaloptionaswell.
[对应托福话题]Youngpeopleshouldtryseveraldifferentjobsbeforetheytakealongtermcareer.
Thechildrenobtain()messagesfromtheworldofrapiddevelopment,theyarecuriousaboutanythingandtheywanttotrynewthings.
Wearelivinginacolorfulworldwhichisfullof()people.
Althoughsuchopinionholdsoneortwominoradvantages,yet,tomypointofview,themeritsofusing()meanstoimprovehealthcarestillfaroutweighthoseoffocusingoncleaningtheenvironment.
(4)表示相同的
identical/indistinguishable/same/similar
[例句]Aspeoplealloveracountryallhavetheidenticalcultureatmosphere,theysharethesamewayofhowtolookatsomethingandevaluatesomething.
[对应托福话题]Peoplecanbenefitmorefromtravellingintheirowncountrythantravellinginforeigncountries.
(5)表示充足的
adequate/enough/sufficient/ample/generous/extensive
adequate:
足够的,指数量多,适合须要的数量
[例句]Wehumanbeingallareequalsincewewerebornandnodoubtweshareallthesamerightsandtreatmentwithadequatedignity.
[对应托福话题]Oneshouldneverjudgeapersonbyexternalappearances.
Commentsfromnewspapersaremorecomprehensiveandinsightful,whichcouldbetrulyunderstood.Unlessthelivereportontelevision,commenterandnewswriterofnewspapersareprovided()timetowritehigh-qualitycommentswithshrewdobservationandcalmthinking.
However,asthecompetitionaroused,todayonehastostruggletofindan()jobforhimselfinordertomeetthebasicneedsofthefamily,nottomentiontheeffortstoachieveextrasuccess.
(6)表示不足的
lack/insufficient/inadequate
lack:
做动词的时候lack是及物动词,后面不能跟介词。
lack另外的一个正确用法是它还可以用作名词,这时候名词后面必须跟lackof
[例句]Duetotheproblemsofthechildrenalwaysfollowtheirparentsdirection,anincreasingnumberofyoungadultsaresufferingadefectlackofcapabilitytomaketheirownchoice,inanotherwords,insufficientcreativityandindependencewillresultinstudentssomehowdependtheirparentsinfuturelifeandlosetheabilitytoliveontheirown.
[对应托福话题]Parentsorotheradultrelativesshouldmakeimportantdecisionsfortheirolder(say15-18year-old)teenagechildren.
Herbehaviorindicatedthatshehada()ofsenseofconfidenceandsafety,whichresultedfromthedivorceoftheirparents.
Additionally,therearecountlessbusinessprofitsinsidemedia,whichcouldalsocausethe()oftruthinnewspapersormagazines.
第三类:
变化
(1)表示增加
boostincrease/rise/mushroom/skyrocket
boost:
表示提高,提升,但是有迅速提高的含义,课用于数量的提高或者抽象意义比如职业生涯的提高
[例句]Enablingchildrentomakeowndecisionscanboosttheenthusiasmtostudy.
Beingtaughthowtomanagemoneyatayoungagewill()theircareer
Mostimportant,allthefactorsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationandcooperatedwitheachother;
onlyinthiswaycanwe()thequalityoftheeducation.
(2)表示减少
decrease/dwindle/reduce/cut/trim/slash/deplete
decrease:
做不及物动词使用时常用结构为,名词+decrease,常用的名词有temperature,pressure,price,rate,efficiency,volume等。
短语decreaseto表示“减少到”。
decrease做及物动词使用时常用结构为decrease+名词,后面常用的搭配词有number,amount,rate,speed,pressure,concentration,capacity,power等。
[例句]Thisisthebestchanceforchildrenhadparentstodecreasethegenerationgap.
[对应托福话题]Isitimportantforfamiliestoregularlyeattheirmealstogether?
第四类:
事物/事件属性
(1)表示重要的
significant,crucial,essential,vital,integral,fundamental,basic,highpriority
搭配:
beof…significanceto,