英语演讲教程Word格式文档下载.docx
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Preparationiseverything!
Withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbetotallyconfidentandlessnervous.Andyouraudiencewillfeelyourconfidence.Youraudience,too,willbeconfident.theywillbeconfidentinyou.Andthiswillgiveyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation.Withcontrol,youwillbe'
incharge'
andyouraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage.
Objective
Beforeyoustarttoprepareapresentation,youshouldaskyourself:
"
WhyamImakingthispresentation?
"
Doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,totrainortosell?
Yourobjectiveshouldbeclearinyourmind.Ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannotpossiblybecleartoyouraudience.
Audience
"
WhoamImakingthispresentationto?
Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.Youshouldtrytoinformyourself.Howmanypeople?
Whoarethey?
Businesspeople?
Professionalpeople?
Politicalpeople?
Expertsornon-experts?
Willitbeasmall,intimategroupof4colleaguesoralargegatheringof400competitors?
Howmuchdotheyknowalreadyandwhatwilltheyexpectfromyou?
Venue
WhereamImakingthispresentation?
Inasmallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehall?
Whatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailable?
Whataretheseatingarrangements?
Timeandlength
WhenamImakingthispresentationandhowlongwillitbe?
Willitbe5minutesor1hour?
Justbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,orjustafterlunch,whenyouraudiencewillbesleepy?
Method
HowshouldImakethispresentation?
Whatapproachshouldyouuse?
Formalorinformal?
Lotsofvisualaidsoronlyafew?
Willyouincludesomeanecdotesandhumourforvariety?
Content
WhatshouldIsay?
Nowyoumustdecideexactlywhatyouwanttosay.First,youshouldbrainstormyourideas.Youwillnodoubtdiscovermanyideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.Butyoumustbeselective.Youshouldincludeonlyinformationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyourobjective.Youshouldexcludeallotherideas.Youalsoneedtocreateatitleforyourpresentation(ifyouhavenotalreadybeengivenatitle).Thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject.Andyouwillprepareyourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.Butremember,ingeneral,lessisbetterthanmore(alittleisbetterthanalot).Youcanalwaysgiveadditionalinformationduringthequestionsafterthepresentation.
Structure
Awellorganisedpresentationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofollow.Itisthereforemoreeffective.Youshouldorganisethepointsyouwishtomakeinalogicalorder.Mostpresentationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followedbyquestions:
BeginningShortintroductionwelcomeyouraudience
introduceyoursubject
explainthestructureofyourpresentation
explainrulesforquestions
MiddleBodyofpresentationpresentthesubjectitself
EndShortconclusionsummariseyourpresentation
thankyouraudience
invitequestions
QuestionsandAnswers
Notes
Whenyougiveyourpresentation,youshouldbe-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.Youshouldnotreadyourpresentation!
Youshouldbesofamiliarwithyoursubjectandwiththeinformationthatyouwanttodeliverthatyoudonotneedtoreadatext.Readingatextisboring!
Readingatextwillmakeyouraudiencegotosleep!
Soifyoudon'
thaveatexttoread,howcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosay?
Withnotes.Youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.Somepeoplemakenotesonsmall,A6cards.Somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtalk.Somepeoplewritedownkeywordstoremindthem.Thenoteswillgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwillhavepreparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynotevenneedthem!
Rehearsal
Rehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation.Youshouldleavetimetopractiseyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes.Thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits:
youwillbecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwanttosay
youwillidentifyweaknessesinyourpresentation
youwillbeabletopractisedifficultpronunciations
youwillbeabletocheckthetimethatyourpresentationtakesandmakeanynecessarymodifications
Soprepare,prepare,prepare!
Prepareeverything:
words,visualaids,timing,equipment.Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.Isittherightlength?
Areyoucompletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrations?
Aretheyintherightorder?
Doyouknowwhotheaudienceis?
Howmanypeople?
Howwillyouanswerdifficultquestions?
Doyouknowtheroom?
Areyouconfidentabouttheequipment?
Whenyouhaveansweredallthesequestions,youwillbeaconfident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytocommunicatethesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience.
Equipment
Easilyyourmostimportantpieceofequipmentis...YOU
!
Makesureyou'
reinfullworkingorder,andcheckyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyoudon'
t,youraudiencewill!
theoverheadprojector(OHP)displaysoverheadtransparencies(OHTsorOHPTs).Ithasseveraladvantagesoverthe35mmslideprojector:
itcanbeusedindaylight
theusercanfacetheaudience
theusercanwriteordrawdirectlyonthetransparencywhileinuse
thewhiteboard(morerarelyblackboardorGREenboard)isausefuldeviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,forexample.Forpreparedmaterial,theOHPmightbemoresuitable.Thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard.Itisessentialthatthedusterbecleantostartwith.Youmayconsidercarryingyourowndusterjustincase.Markersareusedforwritingonthewhiteboard(delible-youcanremovetheink)orflipchart(indelible-youcannotremovetheink).Theyareusuallyavailableinblue,red,blackandgreen.Again,it'
sagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarkersincaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwritewell."
Agoodworkmanneverblameshistools."
Theflipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyou'
flip'
orturnover.Somepeopleprefertheflipcharttothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmallerpresentations.TheSlideprojector-whichmustbeusedinadarkenedroom-addsacertaindrama.Someslideprojectorscanbesynchronisedwithaudioforaudio-visual(AV)presentations.Theseprojectorsaretypicallyusedforlargerpresentations.Themajoritytake35mmslidesortransparencies(asseenhere),butprojectorsfor6x6cmslidesarealsoavailable.Transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojectororaslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscaseafoldingscreenwhichcanbepackedupandtransported.Thenotebookcomputerisincreasinglybeingusedtodisplaygraphicsduringpresentations.Itisoftenusedinconjunctionwithanoverheadprojector,whichactuallyprojectstheimagefromthecomputerscreenontothewallscreen.Handoutsareanydocumentsorsamplesthatyou'
handout'
ordistributetoyouraudience.Notethatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudiencewillreadthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou.
Delivery
'
Delivery'
referstothewayinwhichyouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.Deliveryisavitalaspectofallpresentations.Deliveryisatleastasimportantascontent,especiallyinamulti-culturalcontext.
Nerves
Mostspeakersarealittlenervousatthebeginningofapresentation.Soitisnormalifyouarenervous.Theansweristopayspecialattentiontothebeginningofyourpresentation.Firstimpressionscount.Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapportwithyouraudience.Duringthistime,trytospeakslowlyandcalmly.Youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart.Afterafewmoments,youwillrelaxandgainconfidence.
AudienceRapport
Youneedtobuildawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyouraudience.Enthusiasmiscontagious.Ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudiencewillbeenthusiastictoo.Andbecarefultoestablisheyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience.Eachpersonshouldfeelthatyouarespeakingdirectlytohimorher.Thismeansthatyoumustlookateachpersoninturn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.Thiswillalsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom,disinterestorevendisaGREement,allowingyoutomodifyyourpresentationasappropriate.
Yourobjectiveistocommunicate!
BodyLanguage
Whatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay.Yourbodyisspeakingtoyouraudienceevenbeforeyouopenyourmouth.Yourclothes,yourwalk,yourglasses,yourhaircut,yourexpression-itisfromthesethatyouraudienceformsitsfirstimpressionasyouentertheroom.Generallyspeaking,itisbettertostandratherthansitwhenmakingapresentation.Beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritatinggestures.Beaware,too,thatthemovementofyourbodyisoneofyourmethodsofcontrol.Whenyoumovetoorfromthewhiteboard,forexample,youcanmovefastorslowly,raisingorreducingthedynamismwithintheaudience.Youcanstandverystillwhiletalkingoryoucanstrollfromsidetoside.Wh