初中语法 名词Word文件下载.docx
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1）s;
sh;
ch;
x结尾加es读[iz]
2）ce，se，ze，（d）ge结尾加s
eg.boxes[bksiz]blouses[blauziz]
3）f（fe）结尾则变f（fe）为v加es---读[vz]
eg.knives[naivz]
4）“辅+y”结尾变y为i加es
5）一般加s清就清[s],浊就浊[z]
eg.books[buks]pens[penz]babies[beibiz]
但注意以下几点：
①potato—potatoes;
tomato—tomatoes
两人两菜外加一个大鸡蛋。
②单复同形:
fish;
sheep;
deer;
Chinese;
Japanese
③由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数
mandoctor—mendoctors
④roof—roofsbelief-beliefsproof-proofschief-chiefs
⑤“某国人”的复数：
中日不变英法变，其余s加后面.eg.German—Germans
⑥people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.
写出下列名词的复数形式
Japanese_________Frenchman__________American__________Egyptian___________German__________Australia_______________
potato_________tomato___________photo__________piano__________kangaroo____________bamboo___________
womandriver___________________________________
anappletree_______________________________
2.不可数名词的数
常考的不可数名词
advicefurnitureclothingfunhomeworkinformationpaper?
sugarwork?
fruit?
harm
newsprogresstraffictroubleweatherwealthvalue
计数时用数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词，量词可以是单数也可以是复数。
eg.aglassofwater
apieceofpaper
不可数名词的修饰词常见的有little,alittle,alotof,agreatdealof,plentyof,much等。
some,any既可以修饰可数，也可以修饰不可数。
3.可数名词与不可数名词的特殊用法
物质名词用来表示不同的类别，例如:
teas,fruits,fishes
只有复数形式的名词，例如：
pants,clothes,glasses,scissors,shoes,socks等词在句子中用作复数，谓语动词或相应的代词要用复数形式。
重点难点
roomaroom
glassaglass
paperapaper
chickenachicken
fishafish
workawork
4.复合名词的复数
housewife____________bookshelf___________________
中间有连字符或间隔的复合名词的复数形式是将其中的中心词变成复数。
passer-by___passers-by
looker-on______lookers-on
组成复合名词中的单词没有名词时，则在最后一个单词的词尾加-s.
go-between-go-betweens中间人
has-been__________has-beens过气名人
5.名词的格
1）'
s所有格,主要用于人或有生命事物的名词，表示所有关系。
表示时间，距离，价格。
如today’newspaper
anhour’sdrive
表示国家，城市等地方的名词常用’s。
用以构成不同的节日。
表示店铺，诊所，住宅等时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。
Eg.atthebarber’satthebutcher’satthedoctor’satthetailor’satDick’s
（1）一般加'
s
（2）加'
（3）复合名词在词尾加-'
s.
eg.thechildren'
ssparetime
agrown-up'
sproblem
mybrother-in-law'
snewflat
ex.1.JohnandMary'
sschool_______verybeautiful.
2.John’sandMary’sschool______verybeautiful.
2）of短语所有格
3）双重所有格anotherfriendofGeorge’s
afriendofhers/his
名词所有格：
名词’s（意思是“……的”）
A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意：
1）表两者共有则在后者加“’s”
LucyandLily’sfather露西和莉莉的父亲
Lucy’sandLily’sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.
2）以s结尾的词只加“’”
eg.1）theboys’books2）James’father
3）无生命的名词所有格用of来引导
eg.thelegofthedesk
4）双重所有格：
afriendofmyfather’s
afriendofmine（√）afriendofmy（×
）
练习（A）
一、写出下列词的复数
1.book______2.bus______3.orange_______
4.baby______5.boy______6.my________
7.his_______8.knife______9.watch________
10.sheep______11.tooth_____12.leaf____
13.German__________14.Chinese_________
二、选择正确的答案
（）1.—Arethose______?
---No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.
A.sheep;
cowsB.sheep;
cow
C.sheeps;
cowD.sheeps;
cows
（）2.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme____.
A.twoorangeB.twobottlesoforange
C.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges
（）3.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?
A.averygoodB.any
C.apieceofD.twopieces
（）4.___roomisonthe5thfloor.
A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’s
C.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s
（）5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa____tohisoffice.
A.20minutes’walkB.20minute’swalk
C.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk
（）6.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim____.
A.Mr.GreenB.Mr.Allan
C.Mr.JamesD.JamesGreen
（）7.JackandTomare____.
A.goodfriendsB.goodfriend
C.agoodfriendD.goodafriend
（）8.It’sonlyaboutten____walktothenearestpostoffice.
A.minutesB.minute’sC.minutes’D.minute
（）9.Heoftenhas____forbreakfast.
A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreads
C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
（）10.Mrs.Greenhastwo____.They’reverybright.
A.childsB.childC.children’sD.children
（）11.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim’s______.
A.twomonthsholidayB.twomonths’holiday
C.two-monthholidayD.twomonth’sholidays
（）12.Iwon’tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotof____todo.
A.worksB.jobC.workD.working
（）13.LiLeiisafriendof___.
A.IsisterB.mysister’s
C.mesisterD.mysisterof
（）14.Haveyouread____?
A.today’sB.todaypaper
C.thetoday’spaperD.today’spaper
（）15.Howmany___arethereintheroom?
A.boxesB.boxC.boxsD.boxxes
（）16.Many____havebeenbuiltinourcitysince1987.
A.factorysB.factories
C.factoryesD.factorys
（）17.Therearelotsof___inthebasketonthetable.
A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatoss
（）18.Thecatcaughttwo___lastnight.
A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices
（）19.Jackwenttohavetwo___pulledoutyesterdayafternoon.
A.toothsB.toothC.teethD.toothes
（）20.Inourschooltherearefifty-five___.
A.womenteachersB.womanteachers
C.womenteacherD.woman’steacher
（）21.Thethree___willbeputintoprison.
A.thiefsB.thiefC.thievesD.thiefs’
练习答案：
一、
1.books2.buses3.oranges
4.babies5.boys6.our
7.their8.knives9.watches
10.sheep11.teeth12.leaves
13.Germans14.Chinese
二、
1——5ABCBD6—10AACCD
11—15CCBDA16—21BCBCAC
练习（B）
Milanforafreetrip.
-It'
savery____,butIreallycan'
tacceptit.
A.excuseB.offerC.promiseD.decision
2.HewasborninItaly,buthehasmadeChinahis______.
A.familyB.addressC.houseD.home
3.Jennifertakesalotofexerciseeverydayandsheisalwaysfull_____.
A.knowledgeB.energyC.changeD.courage
4.IhavesomeproblemswithmyEnglishwriting.Canyougivemesome_____?
A.adviceB.decisionC.information
D.messages
5.Itwasveryhardformetomakea_____,butIdecidedtoleavemyjob.
A.suggestionB.decisionC.planD.speech
6.----Wouldyoulikesome__________?
-----Oh,yes,justalittle.
A.milkB.appleC.pearsD.oranges
7.----CanIhelpyou?
-----I’dliketohave100______.Iwantmystudentstodrawpictures.
A.pieceofpaperB.piecesofpaperC.piecesofpapers
8.Theoldmanusedtoraisemany________tomakealivingonthefarm.
A.duckB.horseC.birdD.sheep
9.Alow-carbon（低碳）lifestylehas_____effectonourdailylife.Peoplearepayingmoreandmore_______attentiontosaving______thesedays.
A.the;
energiesB.aenergyC.an;
energy
10.Isawmany______eatinggrassonthehill.
A.horseB.cowC.rabbitD.sheep
11.Ilike____alot,andmymotherusuallycooksitinadifferentways.
A.fishB.potatoesC.noodles
12.------Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?
----------Yes,________please.
A.someorangesB.twoboxesofchocolate
C.somecakesD.twoboxesofcola
13.________ofEnglishisamustforusyoungpeople.
A.AknowledgeB.Knowledge
C.KnowledgeD.Theknowledge
14.The2008BeijingOlympicGamesis______success.
A./B.aC.funD.an
15.Allcarsweredrivenby__________.
A.womendriversB.womandrivers
C.womandriverD.womendriver
16.----Withwhomdidyouwatch2010WorldCupOpeningCeremony?
A.AfriendofmineB.AfriendofmeC.Afriendofmysister
D.Afriendofyou
名词的修饰语
17.---Youlookverytiredthismorning.Whatdidyoudoyesterdayafternoon?
-----Idid__________Christmasshopping.
A.alotofB.afewofC.anumberofD.apieceof
18.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn’t_________
News.
A.manyB.afewC.muchD.few
19._______theteacher’sintheirschoolisabout200andfourthofthemare_________teachers.
A.Anumberof;
womenB.Anumberof;
woman
C.Thenumberof;
womenD.Thenumberof;
20.Weshouldnoteat_____meat.
A.toomanyB.muchtooC.toomuchD.manytoo
名词辨析
21.---WhynotgotoQingdaoonMayDay,Jim?
-----I’mafraidit’snotagood__D_____.Ihavebeenthereseveraltimes.
A.wayB.placeC.adviceD.idea
22.Asyoungadults,itisour______totryourbesttodealwitheachchallengeinoureducationwiththehelpofourteacher.
A.workB.jobC.dutyD.task
23.Thetwocitieshavereachedan____todevelopscienceandtechnology.
A.educationB.excitementC.agreementD.invention
24.----Wow,somanybeautifulcars!
Idon’tknowwhichonetobuy.
-----Anyway,youhavetomakea_____.
A.conclusionB.connection
C.decisionD.presentation
25----Wouldyoulikesome_____?
-----No,thankyou.I’mnothungryatall.
A.waterB.booksC.clothesD.bread
26.---Whenwillthe2010WorldExpo（世博会）cometoaclose?
-----It’llcloseattheendof______.
A.SeptemberB.OctoberC.NovemberD.December
27.----Whyareyoustillwaitinginline?
----I’vemissedmy_____.
A.placeB.orderC.turnD.time
28.Itwasveryhardformetomakea_____butIdecidedtoleavemyjob.
A.suggestionB.decisionC.planD.speech
29.Oh,mygod!
Thekidsaremakingtoomuch_____here.Ican’tdoanything.
A.soundB.voiceC.noiseD.footstep
30.----YouseemtolikewatchingTVverymuch.Which____doyoulikebest?
----Lucky52.IlikeLiYongverymuch.
A.programmeB.screenC.progressD.description
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