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Snowboarding’sPhysics

Yougatherupallofyourfriendstogetalltheirsnowboardgearreadyandheaduptoyourlocalskiarea.Onceyougetthere,youzipupyourjacket,strapit,andgoupthelift.Yougetonthestartinghill,strapyourfootit,andpointyourboardstraightforthatbrandnewhandrailnobodywantstotry.Asyouollieontoit,youthinkyouhaveitdownpat.Thenallofasuddenyouleanthewrongway,turnbackwards,andcatchyouredge.Asyouflythroughtheairtowardssurepain,youaskyourselfwhatwentwrong.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutsnowboarding’sphysics?

Byunderstandinghowgravity,drag,speedandliftaffectsnowboarding,youcanunderstandalotmoreaboutsnowboarding.

Youmayknowhowtosnowboard,butdoyouknowthebasicsofphysics?

Physicsisthescienceofmatter,energy,spaceandtimewhichallareapartofsnowboarding（OfficeofScience）.Aforceisapushorapulllikegravityorspeed（Kahan9）.Themoreforcethatisputintosomething,themoreforcegetsexerted.Soifasnowboarderjumpsharder,hewillgohigher（Satterfield）.Energyistheabilitytodowork.Sowhensomeoneeatsahealthybreakfastbeforegoingtotheirlocalhill,theywillhavemoreenergyandbeabletodowork.Energyisbrokenoffintotwodifferentsections,potentialandkinetic.Potentialenergyiswheresomeonehasthepotentialtodowork,forexample,atthebottomofthelipofatable.Kineticenergyisenergyfrommovement,forexample,justaftergoingoffthelift（Kahan140）.Soallofphysicsisgovernedbylaws.

IsaacNewton,aphysicist,haddiscovered3lawsthatgovernphysics.HisfirstlawwascalledInertia.Inertiastatesthatanobjectinmotionwillstayinmotionunlessacteduponbyanoutsideforce（GoogleWeb–CentripetalForce）.Asnowboarderwillkeepgoingforeveruntilfrictionslowsitdown.Isaac’ssecondlawisMassxAcceleration=Forcemeansthatifthesnowboarderhasafasteraccelerationorisheaviertheywillhavemoreforcethanalighterpersonoronewithlessacceleration.Hisfinallawwasthatforeveryaction,thereisanequalandoppositereaction.Whenasnowboarderollies,hepopsup.Orwhenheleansoneway,hespinsthatway（Newton’sThreeLawsOfMotion）.Eventhoughfrictionispartofmodernphysics,itcanbeexplainedmorecomplexly.

Frictionaffectssnowboardingverymuch,andisoneofthemostimportantpartsofphysicstosnowboarding.Frictionistheforcethatslowsdowntwoobjectsthathavemotionandcontact.Differentspeedsanddifferentsurfaceschangethefrictionaffectingtheobjects（Gundersen）.Fluidfrictionaffectssnowboardingbecauseofthecontactoftheboardandthinlayerofwater,butslidingfrictionalsoaffectssnowboardingbecausethenoseoftheboardtouchesthesnow（Kahan57）.Frictionmayseembadinsnowboardingbecauseitslowsdownthesnowboarder,butsomefrictionisnecessarytoevenmove（Rollins）.

Frictionaffectssnowboardinginmanydifferentways;

Frictionletsasnowboarderturn,stop,spin,andjump.Eventhoughfrictionisnecessarytosnowboard,thelessfrictionthefasterasnowboardercango（Physicslink,PhysicsofSnowboarding）.Whenasnowboarderrides,theboardmakesathinlayerofwaterbetweenthesnowandbaseoftheboard.Waxislessdensethanthebasematerial,soitwillgooverwaterbetter.Thewaxbecomesstickywhenheatedanditfillsintheholesinthebasesthataredesignedspecificallytokeepthewaxinthemforaslongaspossible.Thenwhentheboardcoolstheriderscrapeoffexcesswaxsotheycangofaster（Physicslink）.Thesnowboard’swidthalsoaffectsfriction.Awidersnowboardhasmorecontrol,butbecausethereismoresurfacearea,itcan’tgoasfastbecausethereismorefriction（Rollins）.ThereisasnowboardcalledtheBananaSkate.Thissnowboardisdesignedspecificallytobeatfrictioninpowdersotheridercanstayontopofthesnowinsteadofsinkingin.TheBananaSkatealsoisdesignedtohavemorespeedinpowderbecauseaboardercan’tgoasfastinpowdercomparedtogroomedtrailsatresorts.Mostsnowboardshavealittleriseinshapeinthemiddlesothecontrolisonthenoseandtailwhichwasbasedoftheshapeofaski.TheBananaSkate’sshapegoesallthewaydowninthemiddle,liketheshapeofabanana,givingitmorefrictionandcontrolbetweenyourfeetbecauseonski,thepressureisinthemiddlesoitbendsdownmore.Onasnowboard,thepressurepointsareonthesidessothisgivesbettercontrol.Thishelpswithfrictionbutthisboarddoesn’tdoanythingtobeattheeffectsofgravity（LibTechnologies）.Frictionaffectsgravitybecausegravitywillgiveasnowboarderlessspeedifthereismorefrictionappliedandvisaversa.

Whatisgravity?

Itisapullhoweverythingpullseverythingelsetowardseachother:

Thebiggertheobject,themorepullithas（SpaceEnvironment）.ThereisapullbuteverythingissosmallcomparedtoEarththatitdoesn’thaveenoughpulltodoanything.Gravityrelatestosnowboardingbecausegravity’spulloneveryoneiswhatmakesyoumove,itpullsyoudownthehill.Itmessessnowboardersupbymakingthemnotreachthelanding,andpullsyoudownwhenyoufall（PhysicsofSnowboarding）.Weightisameasureofgravity’spull.Themoreyouweighthemorepotentialspeedyouhave.Thatiswhya150lb20yearoldcandobiggerjumpsthana90lb9yearold（Kahan59,Rollins）.Gravityisthebiggestfactorthatsetsoffanavalanche.Whenthebondbetweenthetopandbottomlayerofsnowbreaks,thetoplayerfallsdownasanavalanche.A35-45degreeangleslopeisthemostpronetoanavalanchebecauseitissteep,butnotsosteepsnowwon’tstickinlayers（MaxLifestyles）.Speedandgravityarealikebecauseyouneedgravitytohavespeedinacertaindirection.

Momentumissimilartospeed.Momentum=MassxSpeed.Heavierpeoplewillhavemorepotentialmomentum（Rollins）.Velocityalsoissimilartospeed.Velocityisspeedwithadirection.So60mphisaspeed,but60mphnorthisavelocity（Rollins）.Accelerationalsoisveryaliketospeed.Itistherateatwhichvelocitychangesrelatedtoanincreaseordecreaseinspeedorchangeindirection（Kahan34）.Howdoesthisaffectsnowboarding?

Asteeperslopeisgoingtogiveyoumoremomentumandvelocity,andhavemorepotentialforaccelerationbecausegravity’spullisclosertotheangleofthehillsothepullaffectsthesnowboardermorethanoneonaslightangle.Pumpingrollers,orlittlehills,alsogivesyoumorespeedtodomorethings（PhysicsofSnowboarding）.Freefallalsochangesasnowboarder’sspeed.Freefallisaforcethataffectssnowboardingwhenaboarderhitsajumporisintheair,hefallsfreelythroughtheair.Hisweightfallingfromgravitygiveshimmorespeed.Thatiswhypumpingrollersorineasierterms,whenasnowboarderpullshisbodydowntotheground,itislikehistophalfisfreefallingandgiveshimmorespeed（Kahan58）.Airresistanceaffectsone’sspeedverymuchtoo.Thisforceisatypeoffrictionthatcomesfromone’sspeed.Itishowtheairpassingasnowboarder’sbodyslowshimdown.Thebiggertheperson,themoreresistancetheyhave（Kahan59）.Finally,aperson’ssizeaffectstheirspeedalottoo.Biggerpeoplehavemoreairresistancebecauseofmoresurfacearea,buttheirweightgivesthemalotmorespeedsotheycangofastersotheresistanceaffectslesspercentoftheirspeed.

Sonowthatyouhavelearnedaboutphysics,friction,gravity,andspeedyoushouldbeabletounderstandthephysicsofsnowboardingbetter.Asyouthinkofwhatwentwrong,younowunderstandyouleanedwrong,andgravitypulledyoutotheground.Onceyouhittheground,yourealizeInertiajusthurtyoubymakingtheicygroundtheobjectthatstopsyouwhenyou’reinmotion.

Glossary

Acceleration:

（noun）Increaseinspeedorvelocity.

Thesnowboarderhadmoreaccelerationoncetheslopegotsteeper.

Energy:

（noun）Availablepower.

Theguyateanutritiousbreakfastwhichgavehimmoreenergyto

snowboardlonger.

Force:

（noun）Strengthorpowerexertedonanobject

Twopeopleputaforwardforceontheboarderbypushinghimfor

morespeed.

Friction:

（noun）Surfaceresistancefromrollingorsliding.

Thesnowboardhadfrictionfromcontactwiththesnow

Gravity:

AforceattractingthingtowardsthecenteroftheEarth.

Theboyfelldownbecausegravitypulledhimdown.

Inertia:

（noun）Alawstatinganobjectwillstayinmotionunlessacted

uponbyanoutsideforce.TheboysloweddownbecauseInertiasays

thatfrictionwillslowhimdown

Mass:

（noun）Abodyofcoherentmatter.

Abiggersnowboardhasmoremassthanasmallerone.

Physics:

（noun）Thescienceofmatter,energy,motion,andforce.

Snowboardingusesphysicsbecauseyoumovematter,havemotion,

needforce,anduseenergy.

Speed:

（noun）Rapidityinmovingortraveling.

Thesnowboarderwasmovingat40mph.

Velocity:

（noun）rapidityinmovingoroperation（closetospeed）.

Thatavalanchewasgoingsouthat70mph.

WorksCited

ExploringthelawsofMotion.VHS.UnitedLearning.Jan.14.

GoogleWeb.Jan12.<

GoogleWeb.Jan.12<

Gundersen,ErikP.TheHandyPhysicsAnswerBook.MI:

Visibleink,2003

Kahan,Peter.ScienceExplorerMotion,Forces,andEnergy.NewJersey:

Prentice-Hall,Inc.2000.

LibTechnologies.<

www.lib-Jan16.

MaxLifestyles.<

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