福建省永春县第一中学学年高一暑假作业英语.docx

福建省永春县第一中学学年高一暑假作业英语.docx

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福建省永春县第一中学学年高一暑假作业英语

高一英语暑假练习卷

（二）

第二部分：

阅读部分（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）

第一节：

共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分

A

Whatstepscancityofficials,pedestrians（行人）anddriverstaketoreducethenumberofaccidents?

Thephysicsiseasy:

Slowerspeedssavelives.Thecultureisharder—butit’schanging.

Withmorethan250trafficdeathseachyearinNewYorkCity,“WeatCityHalldon’tacceptthisreality,”MayorBilldeBlasiotoldNewYorkersonTuesday.“Somanypeoplelosttheirlivesthatwecouldhavesaved.”Thegoodnewsisthatsavinglivesonthestreetsisnotdifficult.Thebetternewsisthatpeoplearestartingtodemand（要求）thatthecitysavelives—evenatthecostofdrivers’convenience.

What,orratherwho,killsNewYorkers—especiallyseniorsandchildren—astheycrossthestreet?

Driverswhospeed,anddriverswhodon’tpayattention.Five-yearworthofNewYorkcrashdatashowsthat“dangerousdriverchoicesarethecontributingfactorin70%ofpedestriandeaths,”thecityreportedthisweek.Andin53percentofpedestriandeaths,thepedestrianswerefollowingalltherules—crossingonacrosswalkwiththelight,forexample,orsometimesjuststandingonthesidewalk.Butadriverwhowasinattentiveorspeedingorwhofailedtoyield（给……让路）hitandkilledthemanyway.

ThebiggeststepthatthemayorcorrectlyputforwardonTuesday,then,wastolowerandenforce（实施）speedlimits.Thehardpart,though,willbeenforcement.Policeofficerscanwritespeedingtickets,andhavebeendoingso.Butticket-writingconsumesofficers’attention.Aspeedermayfaceanofficerinoneblockbutnotthenext.

That’swhythemayoralsowantsAlbanytoallowthecitytoputinplacemorespeedcamerasthanthe20NewYorkalreadyhas.Inthiswaypoliceresources（警力）willbeabletofocusonotherdangerousbehaviors,includingtruckdriverswhocomeintothecitywithoutenoughmirrorsanddriverswhotalkoncellphonesortext.

Themostimportantfactorinsavinglives,though,isachangingculture—which,inturn,isaffectingpolitical（政治的）will.Thecarandtruckonceruledtheroad,andpeople,evenincrowdedcityenvironments,weresupposedtogetoutofdrivers’way.

Now,moreandmorepeoplearewalkingorbicycling（oftenbeforeorafterasubwayorbusride）.NewYorkersexpecttobeabletoraisechildrenhereorgrowoldheresafely,evenifthatmeansasmallnumberofdriversmustdosomorepatiently.

21.Facingthedataoftrafficdeaths,MayorBill_____.

A.feltregret            B.hadhisdoubtsC.seemedconfused            D.soundedsurprised

22.Whatcanbeinferredfromthecityreport?

A.Driversmadedangerouschoicesonpurpose.  

B.Obeyingtrafficruleswouldensureyoursafety.

C.Somedriversmadeacontributiontotrafficsafety.  

D.Somepedestrianswerepartlytoblamefortheirdeaths.

23.Amongthefollowingenforcementmeasuresofspeedlimits,themayordisapprovesof_____.

A.educating            B.ticket-writingC.speedcameras          D.policeresources

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconsideredtobeasignofthechangingculture?

A.Motorvehiclesaredisappearing.

B.Morepeoplearewalkingorbicycling.

C.Cityenvironmentsaregettingmorelivable.

D.NewYorkersarepayingmoreattentiontoeducation.

B

Blue-eyedpeoplehavebeenlivinginEuropeforatleast7,000years,scientistshavediscovered.

AmanwholivedontheIberianPeninsulabeforeEuropeansbecamefarmersprobablyhadblueeyesbutdarkhairandskin,accordingtoscientistswhohavesequenced（排序）hisDNA.Thissurprisingcombinationofeye,hairandskincoloringmaynothavebeenunusualduringhislifetime,butitisnolongerseenamongmodernEuropeans,theteamreportedSundayinthejournalNature.

Theman,aNeolithichunter-gathererknowntoscientistsasLaBraña1,isofgreatinteresttoscientistsbecauseheoffersaphotographofwhatwasinEuropeans’DNAbeforeagriculture（农业）spreadthroughthecontinent.Expertshaveunderstoodthatcertaingenetic（基因的）featuresspreadquicklyamonghumansaftertheyledthefarminglifestyle.LaBraña1showsthatatleastsomeoftheirexpectationswerecorrect.

Theman’sskeleton,alongwiththatofamalecompanion,wasdiscoveredin2006inacaveinwhatisnownortheasternSpain.Thesite,knownasLaBraña-Arintero,sitsabout5,000feetabovesealevel,andthecaveprovidedacold,refrigerator-likeenvironmentthatpreservedhisDNA.

Inthelab,scientistswereabletotakeoutenoughDNAfromasingletoothtoreconstructLaBraña1’sentiregenome（基因组）.TheycomparedittotheDNAofotherancientEuropeansanddeterminedthathewasaclosermatchwithhunter-gatherersthanwithfarmers.

WhenitcametogenesthatwouldinfluenceLaBraña1’sappearance,theresearchersfoundthattheir7,000-year-oldsubjecthadversionsoftwoskinpigment（色素）genesthatareeitherver