福建省永春县高一英语暑假作业二.docx

福建省永春县高一英语暑假作业二.docx

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福建省永春县高一英语暑假作业二

高一英语暑假练习卷

（二）

第二部分：

阅读部分（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）

第一节：

共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分

A

Whatstepscancityofficials,pedestrians（行人）anddriverstaketoreducethenumberofaccidents?

Thephysicsiseasy:

Slowerspeedssavelives.Thecultureisharder—butit’schanging.

Withmorethan250trafficdeathseachyearinNewYorkCity,“WeatCityHalldon’tacceptthisreality,”MayorBilldeBlasiotoldNewYorkersonTuesday.“Somanypeoplelosttheirlivesthatwecouldhavesaved.”Thegoodnewsisthatsavinglivesonthestreetsisnotdifficult.Thebetternewsisthatpeoplearestartingtodemand（要求）thatthecitysavelives—evenatthecostofdrivers’convenience.

What,orratherwho,killsNewYorkers—especiallyseniorsandchildren—astheycrossthestreet?

Driverswhospeed,anddriverswhodon’tpayattention.Five-yearworthofNewYorkcrashdatashowsthat“dangerousdriverchoicesarethecontributingfactorin70%ofpedestriandeaths,”thecityreportedthisweek.Andin53percentofpedestriandeaths,thepedestrianswerefollowingalltherules—crossingonacrosswalkwiththelight,forexample,orsometimesjuststandingonthesidewalk.Butadriverwhowasinattentiveorspeedingorwhofailedtoyield（给……让路）hitandkilledthemanyway.

ThebiggeststepthatthemayorcorrectlyputforwardonTuesday,then,wastolowerandenforce（实施）speedlimits.Thehardpart,though,willbeenforcement.Policeofficerscanwritespeedingtickets,andhavebeendoingso.Butticket-writingconsumesofficers’attention.Aspeedermayfaceanofficerinoneblockbutnotthenext.

That’swhythemayoralsowantsAlbanytoallowthecitytoputinplacemorespeedcamerasthanthe20NewYorkalreadyhas.Inthiswaypoliceresources（警力）willbeabletofocusonotherdangerousbehaviors,includingtruckdriverswhocomeintothecitywithoutenoughmirrorsanddriverswhotalkoncellphonesortext.

Themostimportantfactorinsavinglives,though,isachangingculture—which,inturn,isaffectingpolitical（政治的）will.Thecarandtruckonceruledtheroad,andpeople,evenincrowdedcityenvironments,weresupposedtogetoutofdrivers’way.

Now,moreandmorepeoplearewalkingorbicycling（oftenbeforeorafterasubwayorbusride）.NewYorkersexpecttobeabletoraisechildrenhereorgrowoldheresafely,evenifthatmeansasmallnumberofdriversmustdosomorepatiently.

21.Facingthedataoftrafficdeaths,MayorBill_____.

A.feltregret            B.hadhisdoubtsC.seemedconfused            D.soundedsurprised

22.Whatcanbeinferredfromthecityreport?

A.Driversmadedangerouschoicesonpurpose.  

B.Obeyingtrafficruleswouldensureyoursafety.

C.Somedriversmadeacontributiontotrafficsafety.  

D.Somepedestrianswerepartlytoblamefortheirdeaths.

23.Amongthefollowingenforcementmeasuresofspeedlimits,themayordisapprovesof_____.

A.educating            B.ticket-writingC.speedcameras          D.policeresources

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconsideredtobeasignofthechangingculture?

A.Motorvehiclesaredisappearing.

B.Morepeoplearewalkingorbicycling.

C.Cityenvironmentsaregettingmorelivable.

D.NewYorkersarepayingmoreattentiontoeducation.

B

Blue-eyedpeoplehavebeenlivinginEuropeforatleast7,000years,scientistshavediscovered.

AmanwholivedontheIberianPeninsulabeforeEuropeansbecamefarmersprobablyhadblueeyesbutdarkhairandskin,accordingtoscientistswhohavesequenced（排序）hisDNA.Thissurprisingcombinationofeye,hairandskincoloringmaynothavebeenunusualduringhislifetime,butitisnolongerseenamongmodernEuropeans,theteamreportedSundayinthejournalNature.

Theman,aNeolithichunter-gathererknowntoscientistsasLaBraña1,isofgreatinteresttoscientistsbecauseheoffersaphotographofwhatwasinEuropeans’DNAbeforeagriculture（农业）spreadthroughthecontinent.Expertshaveunderstoodthatcertaingenetic（基因的）featuresspreadquicklyamonghumansaftertheyledthefarminglifestyle.LaBraña1showsthatatleastsomeoftheirexpectationswerecorrect.

Theman’sskeleton,alongwiththatofamalecompanion,wasdiscoveredin2006inacaveinwhatisnownortheasternSpain.Thesite,knownasLaBraña-Arintero,sitsabout5,000feetabovesealevel,andthecaveprovidedacold,refrigerator-likeenvironmentthatpreservedhisDNA.

Inthelab,scientistswereabletotakeoutenoughDNAfromasingletoothtoreconstructLaBraña1’sentiregenome（基因组）.TheycomparedittotheDNAofotherancientEuropeansanddeterminedthathewasaclosermatchwithhunter-gatherersthanwithfarmers.

WhenitcametogenesthatwouldinfluenceLaBraña1’sappearance,theresearchersfoundthattheir7,000-year-oldsubjecthadversionsoftwoskinpigment（色素）genesthatareeitherveryrareornonexistentamongEuropeanstoday.Thentheylookedatotherplacesinthegenomethatinfluencepigmentationandfoundamixofancientandmoderngenevariants（变体）.Takentogether,LaBraña1’sDNA“islikelytohaveresultedindarkskinpigmentationanddarkorbrownhair,”theywrote.

However,hisDNAindicatesthathiseyesweremostlikelyblue,thescientistsfound.Thissuggeststhatgenevariantsforlight-coloredeyesandskindidnotspreadtogether,theywrote,addingthatLaBraña1’scombination“ofdarkskinandnon-browneyesisuniqueandnolongerpresentincontemporaryEuropeanpopulations.”Today,ablue-eyedpersonwouldusuallyhavefairskin.

TogetsomeideaofwhetherLaBraña1’scoloringwasunusualforhisday,theresearcherswilltrytosequencetheDNAofhiscompanion,whohasbeennamedLaBraña2.

25.WhyscientistsareinterestedinLaBraña1?

A.TheycanknowEuropeans’DNA.

B.TheycanknowEuropeanhunter-gatherers’DNA.

C.TheycanknowtheancientagricultureinEurope.

D.Theycanknowsomeoftheirexpectationswerecorrect.

26.LaBraña1waswellpreserveddueto_____.

A.dryweather        B.ahighcaveC.properprotection          D.coldconditions

27.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.LaBraña1’sDNAinfluencedhisappearance.

B.LaBraña1’sappearanceinfluencedcontemporaryEuropeans.

C.LaBraña1’sgenevariantsspreadtogether.

D.LaBraña1’sgenesarecompletelydifferentfromcontemporaryEuropeans’.

28.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat_____.

A.LaBraña2hasthesamegenomewithLaBraña1

B.Blue-eyedpeoplewerecommoninEurope7,000yearsago

C.Braña1’scombinationofdarkskinandnon-browneyesisunique

D.It’snotcertainthatLaBraña’sappearancewascommonathistime

C

Whenyouthinkofaforest,whatdoyousee?

Justtrees?

Ordoyouseemanyotherthings,suchassmallinsects,worms,restlesssquirrels,singingbirds,andcolorfulplants?

Theforestisawholeworldofitsown,anditisfullofmanydifferentlivingthings.However,eventhoughtheyarealldifferent,theyhaveonethingincommon:

theyallneedeachotherinordertosurvive.

Treesfeedtheanimalsoftheforest.Theymakefoodintheirleavesbyusingsunlighttocombinewaterandminerals（矿物质）absorbed（吸收）fromthesoilandair.Theirnetworkofrootssticksintothesoilandhelpstreesabsorbwater,makingitpossibleforcreaturetoliveinit.

Theearthworms,wholiveontheforestfloor,alsohelptokeepthesoillivableandfullofnutrients（营养）.Theirholesinthegroundallowairandwater,whichbearmanyminerals,topassfreelythroughthesoil.

Insects,whoeattheleavesofthetrees,arethemainfoodofbirds.Feedingontheinsects,birdshelpkeepforestlifeinbalancebypreventingtheinsectsfromoverrunningtheforest.

Squirrelsalsoplaytheirpart.Theyfeedontheseedsofthetrees,yetthey,likethebirds,usethebranchesofthetreesfortheirhomes.

Humanbeingsarelikethelivingthingsintheforest.Weneedoneanotherinordertosurvive.Werelyonfarmerstogrowfood,truckdriverstobringittolocalstores,andsalesmentosellit.Weneedpeopletoprepareandcookfood,andotherstotakegarbageaway.Then,ofcourse,weneeddoctorsandnursestotakecareofuswhenwearesick,mailcarriers,telephoneoperators,andnewspaperdelivery（递送）peopletokeepusintouch,aswellasscientists,engineersandgovernmentleaderstoimprovehowwelive.

Wealsoneedeachotherinanotherway.Weneedpeopletotalkoverourproblemswithus,toexchangeideas,andjusttochatabouteverydayhappeningswithus.Thinkhowlonelyandunhappyyouwouldbeifyoulivedwithoutthecompanionshipofotherpeople.

Lifeisamatterofgiveandtake.Weneedtohelpotherpeopleasmuchasweneedotherpeopletohelpus.Besides,thinkwhatagoodfeelingyouhavewhenyouhavedonesomethingforsomeoneelse!

29.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A.Treesmakeitpossibleforlivingthingstoliveintheforest.

B.Earthwormskeepthesoilwetbyproducingwater.

C.Birdspreventinsectsfromeatingtoomanytreeleaves.

D.Treescangainnutrientsfromotheranimalsintheforest.

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Theforestisverycrowded.B.Onetreedoesnotmakeaforest.

C.Alllivingthingsneedoneanother.D.Humansareliketrees.

31.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?

A.Asciencebook.   B.Aguidebook.C.Alessonplan.     D.Anadvertisement.

D

Autonomous（自动的）cars,self-drivingcars,roboticcars,ordriverlesscars—whateveryoucallthem—arecomingtoashowroom（陈列室）nearyou.

Itmighttakeacoupleofyears,butfewpeopleattheGenevaMotorShowwoulddisagreethatonedaysciencefantasy（幻想）willbecomereality.

However,whileGoogle,BMW,FordandIBMhavebeenworkingont