福建省永春县高一英语暑假作业二Word文档格式.docx
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What,orratherwho,killsNewYorkers—especiallyseniorsandchildren—astheycrossthestreet?
Driverswhospeed,anddriverswhodon’tpayattention.Five-yearworthofNewYorkcrashdatashowsthat“dangerousdriverchoicesarethecontributingfactorin70%ofpedestriandeaths,”thecityreportedthisweek.Andin53percentofpedestriandeaths,thepedestrianswerefollowingalltherules—crossingonacrosswalkwiththelight,forexample,orsometimesjuststandingonthesidewalk.Butadriverwhowasinattentiveorspeedingorwhofailedtoyield(给……让路)hitandkilledthemanyway.
ThebiggeststepthatthemayorcorrectlyputforwardonTuesday,then,wastolowerandenforce(实施)speedlimits.Thehardpart,though,willbeenforcement.Policeofficerscanwritespeedingtickets,andhavebeendoingso.Butticket-writingconsumesofficers’attention.Aspeedermayfaceanofficerinoneblockbutnotthenext.
That’swhythemayoralsowantsAlbanytoallowthecitytoputinplacemorespeedcamerasthanthe20NewYorkalreadyhas.Inthiswaypoliceresources(警力)willbeabletofocusonotherdangerousbehaviors,includingtruckdriverswhocomeintothecitywithoutenoughmirrorsanddriverswhotalkoncellphonesortext.
Themostimportantfactorinsavinglives,though,isachangingculture—which,inturn,isaffectingpolitical(政治的)will.Thecarandtruckonceruledtheroad,andpeople,evenincrowdedcityenvironments,weresupposedtogetoutofdrivers’way.
Now,moreandmorepeoplearewalkingorbicycling(oftenbeforeorafterasubwayorbusride).NewYorkersexpecttobeabletoraisechildrenhereorgrowoldheresafely,evenifthatmeansasmallnumberofdriversmustdosomorepatiently.
21.Facingthedataoftrafficdeaths,MayorBill_____.
A.feltregret
B.hadhisdoubtsC.seemedconfused
D.soundedsurprised
22.Whatcanbeinferredfromthecityreport?
A.Driversmadedangerouschoicesonpurpose.
B.Obeyingtrafficruleswouldensureyoursafety.
C.Somedriversmadeacontributiontotrafficsafety.
D.Somepedestrianswerepartlytoblamefortheirdeaths.
23.Amongthefollowingenforcementmeasuresofspeedlimits,themayordisapprovesof_____.
A.educating
B.ticket-writingC.speedcameras
D.policeresources
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconsideredtobeasignofthechangingculture?
A.Motorvehiclesaredisappearing.
B.Morepeoplearewalkingorbicycling.
C.Cityenvironmentsaregettingmorelivable.
D.NewYorkersarepayingmoreattentiontoeducation.
B
Blue-eyedpeoplehavebeenlivinginEuropeforatleast7,000years,scientistshavediscovered.
AmanwholivedontheIberianPeninsulabeforeEuropeansbecamefarmersprobablyhadblueeyesbutdarkhairandskin,accordingtoscientistswhohavesequenced(排序)hisDNA.Thissurprisingcombinationofeye,hairandskincoloringmaynothavebeenunusualduringhislifetime,butitisnolongerseenamongmodernEuropeans,theteamreportedSundayinthejournalNature.
Theman,aNeolithichunter-gathererknowntoscientistsasLaBrañ
a1,isofgreatinteresttoscientistsbecauseheoffersaphotographofwhatwasinEuropeans’DNAbeforeagriculture(农业)spreadthroughthecontinent.Expertshaveunderstoodthatcertaingenetic(基因的)featuresspreadquicklyamonghumansaftertheyledthefarminglifestyle.LaBrañ
a1showsthatatleastsomeoftheirexpectationswerecorrect.
Theman’sskeleton,alongwiththatofamalecompanion,wasdiscoveredin2006inacaveinwhatisnownortheasternSpain.Thesite,knownasLaBrañ
a-Arintero,sitsabout5,000feetabovesealevel,andthecaveprovidedacold,refrigerator-likeenvironmentthatpreservedhisDNA.
Inthelab,scientistswereabletotakeoutenoughDNAfromasingletoothtoreconstructLaBrañ
a1’sentiregenome(基因组).TheycomparedittotheDNAofotherancientEuropeansanddeterminedthathewasaclosermatchwithhunter-gatherersthanwithfarmers.
WhenitcametogenesthatwouldinfluenceLaBrañ
a1’sappearance,theresearchersfoundthattheir7,000-year-oldsubjecthadversionsoftwoskinpigment(色素)genesthatareeitherveryrareornonexistentamongEuropeanstoday.Thentheylookedatotherplacesinthegenomethatinfluencepigmentationandfoundamixofancientandmoderngenevariants(变体).Takentogether,LaBrañ
a1’sDNA“islikelytohaveresultedindarkskinpigmentationanddarkorbrownhair,”theywrote.
However,hisDNAindicatesthathiseyesweremostlikelyblue,thescientistsfound.Thissuggeststhatgenevariantsforlight-coloredeyesandskindidnotspreadtogether,theywrote,addingthatLaBrañ
a1’scombination“ofdarkskinandnon-browneyesisuniqueandnolongerpresentincontemporaryEuropeanpopulations.”Today,ablue-eyedpersonwouldusuallyhavefairskin.
TogetsomeideaofwhetherLaBrañ
a1’scoloringwasunusualforhisday,theresearcherswilltrytosequencetheDNAofhiscompanion,whohasbeennamedLaBrañ
a2.
25.WhyscientistsareinterestedinLaBrañ
a1?
A.TheycanknowEuropeans’DNA.
B.TheycanknowEuropeanhunter-gatherers’DNA.
C.TheycanknowtheancientagricultureinEurope.
D.Theycanknowsomeoftheirexpectationswerecorrect.
26.LaBrañ
a1waswellpreserveddueto_____.
A.dryweather
B.ahighcaveC.properprotection
D.coldconditions
27.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.LaBrañ
a1’sDNAinfluencedhisappearance.
B.LaBrañ
a1’sappearanceinfluencedcontemporaryEuropeans.
C.LaBrañ
a1’sgenevariantsspreadtogether.
D.LaBrañ
a1’sgenesarecompletelydifferentfromcontemporaryEuropeans’.
28.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat_____.
a2hasthesamegenomewithLaBrañ
a1
B.Blue-eyedpeoplewerecommoninEurope7,000yearsago
C.Brañ
a1’scombinationofdarkskinandnon-browneyesisunique
D.It’snotcertainthatLaBrañ
a’sappearancewascommonathistime
C
Whenyouthinkofaforest,whatdoyousee?
Justtrees?
Ordoyouseemanyotherthings,suchassmallinsects,worms,restlesssquirrels,singingbirds,andcolorfulplants?
Theforestisawholeworldofitsown,anditisfullofmanydifferentlivingthings.However,eventhoughtheyarealldifferent,theyhaveonethingincommon:
theyallneedeachotherinordertosurvive.
Treesfeedtheanimalsoftheforest.Theymakefoodintheirleavesbyusingsunlighttocombinewaterandminerals(矿物质)absorbed(吸收)fromthesoilandair.Theirnetworkofrootssticksintothesoilandhelpstreesabsorbwater,makingitpossibleforcreaturetoliveinit.
Theearthworms,wholiveontheforestfloor,alsohelptokeepthesoillivableandfullofnutrients(营养).Theirholesinthegroundallowairandwater,whichbearmanyminerals,topassfreelythroughthesoil.
Insects,whoeattheleavesofthetrees,arethemainfoodofbirds.Feedingontheinsects,birdshelpkeepforestlifeinbalancebypreventingtheinsectsfromoverrunningtheforest.
Squirrelsalsoplaytheirpart.Theyfeedontheseedsofthetrees,yetthey,likethebirds,usethebranchesofthetreesfortheirhomes.
Humanbeingsarelikethelivingthingsintheforest.Weneedoneanotherinordertosurvive.Werelyonfarmerstogrowfood,truckdriverstobringittolocalstores,andsalesmentosellit.Weneedpeopletoprepareandcookfood,andotherstotakegarbageaway.Then,ofcourse,weneeddoctorsandnursestotakecareofuswhenwearesick,mailcarriers,telephoneoperators,andnewspaperdelivery(递送)peopletokeepusintouch,aswellasscientists,engineersandgovernmentleaderstoimprovehowwelive.
Wealsoneedeachotherinanotherway.Weneedpeopletotalkoverourproblemswithus,toexchangeideas,andjusttochatabouteverydayhappeningswithus.Thinkhowlonelyandunhappyyouwouldbeifyoulivedwithoutthecompanionshipofotherpeople.
Lifeisamatterofgiveandtake.Weneedtohelpotherpeopleasmuchasweneedotherpeopletohelpus.Besides,thinkwhatagoodfeelingyouhavewhenyouhavedonesomethingforsomeoneelse!
29.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?
A.Treesmakeitpossibleforlivingthingstoliveintheforest.
B.Earthwormskeepthesoilwetbyproducingwater.
C.Birdspreventinsectsfromeatingtoomanytreeleaves.
D.Treescangainnutrientsfromotheranimalsintheforest.
30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Theforestisverycrowded.B.Onetreedoesnotmakeaforest.
C.Alllivingthingsneedoneanother.D.Humansareliketrees.
31.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?
A.Asciencebook.
B.Aguidebook.C.Alessonplan.
D.Anadvertisement.
D
Autonomous(自动的)cars,self-drivingcars,roboticcars,ordriverlesscars—whateveryoucallthem—arecomingtoashowroom(陈列室)nearyou.
Itmighttakeacoupleofyears,butfewpeopleattheGenevaMotorShowwoulddisagreethatonedaysciencefantasy(幻想)willbecomereality.
However,whileGoogle,BMW,FordandIBMhavebeenworkingont