非谓语动词Word文件下载.docx
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注:
常用it做形式主语,将todo放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。
句型1:
It+谓语+todo
Ittakesusanhour___gettherebybus.
句型2:
It’s+n.+todo
It’sourduty__helpthepoor.
Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountains
句型3:
Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.
Itis+adj+forsbtodosth(是形容事物的性质的)
Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth(是形容人的品质的)
Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.
Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyour
birthdayparty.
Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.
It'
simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.
(2)作宾语
1).接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.
Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere
常见动词有:
decide,like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等
1.Theywanted____(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?
2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.
3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.
4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.
5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.
•B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:
•tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)
•Hetaughtushowtousethetool.
•Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.
•Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.
Ihaven'
tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.
注意下列动词
remember
forget+todo
doing
regret
try
mean
stop+todo
doing
goon
1.Boys,don'
tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.
A.closing B.closed C.toclosing D.toclose
2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.
A.tohaverested B.resting C.torest D.rest
4.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.
A.toturnoff B.turningoff C.turnoff D.toturningoff
(3)作宾语补足语
(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)
1.Mother
told
me
___
come
back
before
10
o’clock.
2.I’ll
get
someone
repair
the
recorder
for
you.
3.What
caused
him
change
his
mind?
4.I
wish
you
as
soon
possible.
5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhim
adviseallowask
begcauseexpect
encourageforce
gethateinvite
orderwish
obligesb.todo
wantwarnremind
promisepermit
persuaderequest…
see
watch
lookat
hearsb.do/doing/done
listento
feel
notice
seen
watched
sb.belookedattodo
heard
listenedto
felt
noticed
2).
I
often
hear
them
(sing)
this
song.
Did
notice
anyone
(come
)in
?
注意:
当这类动词转为被动语态时,
其后的不定式则要加上“
to”
如:
Heisoftenheard________thesong·
He
was
seen
_______
room
4.it作形式宾语
Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim
Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it
+adj/n+todosth.
1.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.
2.Iknow__impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.
5.不定式作定语
Ihavesomethingtotellyou.
1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系
Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?
Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?
(区别主被动)
2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容
Ihavenochancetogothere.
3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语
Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.
4)不定式为不及物动词时,须加介词
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.
A.tolivein B.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin
2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?
A.tocutthefruitwith B.tocutthefruit
C.cuttingthefruit D.cuttingthefruitwith
3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper(写上)
4.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?
Ihavenopen(写)
(5)作状语
表示目的、原因、结果或条件
Icameheretoseeyou.
Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.
Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.
Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.
动名词
一.动名词的基本构成
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
beingdone
完成式
havingdone
havingbeendone
二.动名词的性质
动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点,具体表现为:
Iinsistedonleavingatonce
Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit
三.动名词的功用
①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting
③Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse`sjob.④It`sdangerousplayingwithfire.
⑤It`sawasteoftimecopyingother`shomework.⑥Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.
2.可作宾语S.+vt.+doing
在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止),permit(允许)等后,如果没有人称宾语,后跟动名词;
如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。
例如
Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。
Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.人们不准在这儿钓鱼。
②作介词/短语动词的宾语:
S.+v.+prep.+doing
e.g.
①Shesattherewithout(speak)②Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.
③Areyouusedto(live)therealone?
④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'
thelp(laugh).
⑤Idon`tfeellike(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons
③主动表被动:
①Theroomwants(clean).②Themethodneeds(improve).
③Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).④Theproblemneeds(workout).
⑤Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)
d)动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”,后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。
当用在should,would之后时,只跟不定式。
例如:
Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.
Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?
你今晚上想吃什么?
五.动名词的复合结构
动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语,构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语
1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词
在句中作主语:
Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.
Doyoumindmysmoking?
Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.
Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.
2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词
在句中作宾语:
I`msureofhimcomingontime.
Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.
Idon’tmindJack(him)going.
Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.
分词
一分词的概述
1.分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式,它有两种形式:
现在分词(PresentParticiple)和过去分词(PastParticiple)。
2.现在分词:
过去分词:
规则动词V+ed
不规则动词
3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。
在句中作表语、定语,状语和宾语补足语。
现在分词与过去分词的区别:
1.语态上:
现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动
DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?
Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.
2.时态上:
现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成
Developingcountryboilingwater
Developedcountryboiledwater
二、分词的作用
1、作定语
分词作定语有两种形式。
它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语。
有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。
(1)前置定语
Heisapromisingyoungman.
Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.
Weonlysellusedbooks.
我们只卖用过的书。
(2)后置定语
TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.
Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.
过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:
表示被动和完成,只表完成。
thequestiondiscussedyesterday
昨天讨论的问题
(既表示被动也表示完成)
thefallenleaves
落下的树叶
(只表示完成,不表示被动)
2、作表语
分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。
Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。
Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.
你所说的真令从鼓舞。
3、作宾语补足语
可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。
Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。
Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。
Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。
A)Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroom
B)Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.
四、作状语
现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别
现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成
1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.
(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.
2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.
3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.
4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword
Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying
Whentheyheardthebadnews
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention
Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep
Becausehewassoangry
Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing
andtheyweresinginglaughing
Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.
Inordertoservethepeoplewell
将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语:
1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.
2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.
3.Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.
不定式时态、语态的用法
1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时,用一般时态
Hewantedtoseeyou
2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时,用进行时态
WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabook
Heissaidtobewritinganovel
3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用不定式完成时
Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.
I’msogladtohaveseenyou.
不定式被动语态的用法.
A,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时,用被动语态
ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish
Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere
分词时态、语态的用法
分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。
分词与其逻辑主语的关
系时被动的,要用被动语态
1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.
2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.
3.Theteachercamein,_______manystudents.(follow)
4.Theteachercamein,_______bymanystudents.(follow)
如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时,要用分词的进行时态。
1.Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.
2.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.
如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成形式。
Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.
Havingclosedallthewindows,Iwenthome
Havingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.
分词的时态和语态
构成(以study和go为例)
及物与不及物动词
语态
时态
类别
及物动词
不及物动词
被动语态
主动语态
现在分词
studying
beingstudied
going
havingstudied
havingbeenstudied
havinggoing
过去分词
studied
gone
被动式:
beingdone表示一个现在进行的完成动作。
1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisour