非谓语动词Word文件下载.docx

1、注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sth （是形容事物的性质的 ）It is + adj + of sb t

2、o do sth （是形容人的品质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.（2）作宾语 1）. 接不定式做宾语 I want to know this matter. I dont expect to mee

3、t you here常见动词有：decide, like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等1. They wanted _（ get ） on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _（ be ） a professor.3. I agreed_ （ go ）

4、 there with the doctor.4. My daughter preferred _ （ dance ） when she was in her twenties.5. He had promised _ （ give ） me a hand. B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see（understand） He taught us how to use the tool. No one co

5、uld tell me where to get the book. I hope youll advise me what to do. I havent decided whether to go or stay. 注意下列动词rememberforget + to dodoing regrettrymeanstop + to dodoinggo on1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close2.She reache

6、d the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest4. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off（3）作宾语补足语（与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系）1. Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock. 2. Illgetsomeonerepairtherec

7、orderforyou. 3. Whatcausedhimchangehismind?4.Iwishyouassoonpossible. 5. He asked me _do the work with himadvise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wishoblige sb. to dowant warn remindpromise permitpersuade requestsee watch look athear sb. do /doing/ donelisten to feelno

8、tice seen watched sb. be looked at to do heardlistened to feltnoticed 2）. Ioftenhearthem（sing）thissong. Didnoticeanyone（come）in?注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：He is often heard _ the songHewasseen_room4. it作形式宾语I find/feel it interesting to work with himSubject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +a

9、dj/n + to do sth. 1.We think _ important _ obey the law.2.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.5.不定式作定语I have something to tell you. 1） 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? （区别主被动）2） 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there

10、.3） 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is the last to leave the room.4） 不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词 He is looking for a room to live in. 1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. cuttin

11、g the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （写上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）（5）作状语 表示目的、原因、结果或条件I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there . To l

12、ook at him，you would like him动名词一. 动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式being done完成式having donehaving been done二. 动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：I insisted on leaving at onceI hope you dont mind my saying it三.动名词的功用It is no use crying. It is no good objectingLooking after the patients is a nurses job. Its dangerous

13、 playing with fire.Its a waste of time copying others homework. There is no joking about the matter.2.可作宾语S. + vt.+ doing在动词advise, allow, forbid（禁止），permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here. 我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。People are not allowed to fish here. 人们不准在这儿钓鱼。作介词/短语动词的宾语

14、: S. + v. + prep. + doinge.g.She sat there without （speak） I look forward to （see） him again.Are you used to （live） there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt help （laugh）.I dont feel like （go） to see the film. He was busy （prepare） his lessons主动表被动: The room wants （clean）. The method nee

15、ds （improve）. This pair of shoes require （mend）. The problem needs （work out）. The question is well worth （discuss）d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.What would you like to eat tonight

16、?你今晚上想吃什么？五.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1）.物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词 在句中作主语: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help.2）.人称代词宾格 / 名词 + 动名词 在句中作宾语: Im sure of him

17、 coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack （him） going. She hates young people （them） smoking.分词一 分词的概述1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现 在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（Past Participle）。2. 现在分词： 过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词 3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语、定语,状语和宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：

18、现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled water二、分词的作用1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语He is a promising young man.Make less nois

19、e. Theres a sleeping child.We only sell used books.我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.The bridge built last month needs repairing.过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题（既表示被动也表示完成）the fallen leaves落下的树叶（只表示

20、完成，不表示被动）2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。She was too frightened to move.她被吓得一动不动。What you said is really inspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。We found the boy slee

21、ping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。A）I heard my brother （ singing , sung ） in the next room B）I heard the song （ singing , sung ） in English . 四、作状语现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1. （Seeing/seen） from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. （Seeing/seen） from the top of the tower, the factory looks b

22、eautiful.2. （Hearing/heard） the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. （Giving/Given） more time, we could do it better. 4.I stood by the door, not daring to say a wordHearing the bad news, they couldnt help cryingWhen they heard the bad newsGiven more attention, the trees could have grown better.If t

23、hey had been given more attentionBeing so angry, he couldnt go to sleepBecause he was so angryThey came into the classroom,singing and laughingand they were singing laughingTo serve the people well, I study hard.In order to serve the people well将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1. Because she was moved by the hero,

24、 she decided to study harder.2. When he found the door locked, he went home.3.He started early in order that he could get there on time.不定式时态、语态的用法1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态 He wanted to see you 2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态When I came in ,he pretended to be reading a book He is said to be writing a novel 3

25、. 强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时He is said to have written a novel . Im so glad to have seen you .不定式被动语态的用法.A, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态The book is said to have been translated into English It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here 分词时态、语态的用法分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的，要用被动语态1.Looking out o

26、f the window, I can see many cars and buses.2.Seen from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful.3.The teacher came in, _many students.（follow）4.The teacher came in, _by many students.（follow）如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter.2. The house be

27、ing built now is a Hope Project School.如果强调分词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Not having finished his homework ,Tom was made to stay at school .Having closed all the windows ,I went home Having been invited to the party ,Tom was very happy .分词的时态和语态构成（以study和go为例） 及物与不及物动词 语态 时态 类别 及 物 动 词 不及物动词 被动语态 主动语态现在分词 studying being studied going having studied having been studied having going过去分词 studied gone被动式： being done 表示一个现在进行的完成动作。1.The building being repaired is our