武大考博英语试题及答案.docx

武大考博英语试题及答案.docx

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答案见附录

2016武大博士生英语入学考试真题答案

I．ReadingComprehension（40分）（黄老师提供）

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PartIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation（5*4=20分）（方老师提供：

标答）

1.如果我们的时间使用得当，就能生产出有用和重要的产品，在市场上买得一定的价钱；或者充实我们的经验，增长我们的才干，待到适当时机我们就能挣到金钱。

2.我们想到死便震惊不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻烦和费用以保全生命。

可是我们对于损失一个钟头或者一天时间往往漠不关心，忘记生命原来就是我们生活的每一天、每一小时的总和。

3.现在如果从我们的寿命中减去所有这些岁月，我们将发现，能让我们用于有效工作的时间大概是15或20年左右。

谁能记住这一点，就不会心甘情愿地浪费他生命的每时每刻。

4.如果我们让生命的早晨时光悄悄溜走而未加利用，我们将永远无法弥补这种损失。

等我们长大了，获得知识的能力就变得迟钝了，因此在童年和青年时期没能获得的知识或技能将永远不能获得了。

PartIIIChinese-EnglishTranslation（20分）（方老师提供：

标答）

Wearenotsurewhat“intelligence”is,notwhatispassedon.However,thefactdoesnotpreventusfromfindingitaveryusefulconcept,andplacingacertainamountofrelianceontestswhich“measure”it.Inanintelligencetestwetakeasampleofanindividual’sabilitytosolvepuzzlesandproblemsofvariouskinds,andifwehavetakenarepresentativesample,itwillallowustopredictsuccessfullythelevelofperformancehewillreachinawidevarietyofoccupations.

TheEducationAct1944passedbytheBritishparliamentmadesecondaryschoolingforallbecomelaw.Grammarschools,withtheexceptionofsmallnumberofindependentfoundationschools,becameavailabletothewholepopulation.Sincethenumberofgrammarschoolsinthecountrycouldaccommodateatmostapproximately25percentofthetotalchildpopulationofeleven-plus,somekindofselectionhadtobemade.Narrowlyacademicexaminationsandtestswereconsideredtobeinfavorofchildrenwhohadhadtheadvantageofhighly-academicprimaryschoolsandacademicallybiasedhomes.Intelligencetestswerethendevisedtocounteractthisnarrowspecialization,byintroducingproblemswhichwerenotbasedonknowledgefrombooks.Inotherwords,theintelligencetestattemptstoassessthegeneralabilityofanychildtothink,reason,judge,analyzeandsynthesize,mainlybypresentinghimwithdifferentactualsituationswithinhisrangeofcompetenceandunderstanding.

PartIVWriting20分（牟老师提供）

Sample1

PaperBookorElectronicBook

Nowadaysmanyelectronicdevicesemerge,suchaskindle,providingpossibilityforelectronicbooks.However,mostofthereadersstillpreferreadinginthetraditionalwayinsteadofelectronicbooks.

Whydothepaperbookswinthelandslidevictory?

Apparently,paperbooksareofgreatercollectionvaluethantheelectronicbook.Somereadersarelookingforwardtoablissfulatmospherewithabookinhand,sittinginthesunshinecomfortably.Anelectronicbookcanneverfulfillthedesireforthisatmosphere.What’smore,thepaperbookisbetterfortheeyeswhilethescreenofelectronicbookmaydoharmtotheretinatosomeextent.Usingtheelectronicdevices,thereadersareabsent-mindedmoreeasilyasthereexistmanytemptations.

Whatwecan’tdeny,nevertheless,isthattheelectronicbookhasitsownspecialmeritsaswell.Firstofall,it’smuchcheaper.Then,it’seasiertobecarriedwith.Whilesomereadershavetoputaheavypaperbookinthebag,thee-bookreadermerelytakethephone.Also,theelectronicbookhasalargercoverageassomebooksoressaysdon’thavethepaperversion.

Generallyspeaking,thepaperbooksareirreplaceable,stillplayingthedominantroleinreadingmarket.Electronicbooksarealsoindispensable.Wereadersshouldusethesewayscorrectly.

Sample2

ReadinginanOld-fashionedWay

Asscientificdevelopmenthasbeenanewtrendofthisera,wordsprefixedwithan“e-”hasbeenwidely-usedandgraduallybecomeapartofourdailyroutine.It’saneraofinformationexplosionandthecreationandinnovationofE-booktechnologymeetstherequirementsanddevelopmentsofthenetworksociety.However,accordingtothesurvey,e-booksalesdroppedintheUnitedStates,aswellasintheUnitedKingdom.Itseemsthatpeopletendtoreadintheold-fashionedway.Inmypointofview,thereasonsofthisphenomenaareasfollows.

Firstofall,paperbookscaneasilymakepeoplecalmdown.Leafingthroughpagesandfeelingtheuniquescentofpaperisabsorbingandintriguing.Secondly,booksprintedonpaperareeasilysharedbypeople,sincereadingisnotanindividualactivity.Thirdly,nowadayspeopleenjoytherelativeinformalityofreading,andreadingpaperbooksisagoodwaytomakepeopletotallyunrestrictedbytimeandspace.Lastbutnottheleast,paperbooksarecheaperthanane-bookelectronicscreen.

Generallyspeaking,readinginanold-fashionedwaycanalsomeetthemultipleneedsofpeoplenowadays.Scientificinnovationgivesusmorechoicesandwearehappytoenjoytheconvenienceofthisgoldentimes.However,readinginanold-fashionedwayintheeraofinformationfragmentationissomekindofhabitthatweshouldretain.