学年新教材高中英语Unit6EarthfirstSectionⅢUsinglanguage.docx
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学年新教材高中英语Unit6EarthfirstSectionⅢUsinglanguage
SectionⅢ Usinglanguage&Writing
ing形式和ed形式作宾语补足语
补足语是用来说明宾语或主语情况的成分,在英语中,ing形式和ed形式都可以作补足语。
1.ing形式作宾语补足语
ing形式作宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。
能接ing形式作补语的有两类动词:
(1)感觉、感官类动词:
see,notice,watch,lookat,hear,listento,find,feel,smell等。
◆Heheardthewindblowingoutside.
他听到外边在刮风。
◆Ifeltmyheartbeatingfaster.
我感到我的心跳得更快了。
(2)使役动词:
keep,get,leave,have等。
◆I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.
不好意思让你等这么久。
◆Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.
休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。
2.ed形式作补语
ed形式作宾语补足语既可表示被动又可表示动作已经完成;宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。
ed形式作补语的常见情况:
(1)位于feel,find,hear,notice,see,smell,observe等感官动词后作补语。
◆Shewasgladtoseeherchildtakengoodcareof.
她很高兴看到自己的孩子被照顾得很好。
◆IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.
我正在睡觉,这时听到有人喊我的名字。
(2)位于get,have,make,keep,leave等使役动词后作补语。
◆Theyaregoingtohavethehousepaintedwhite.
他们准备把房子刷成白色。
1.使役动词have,get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:
(1)havesth.done=getsth.done
◆Ihad/gotmyhaircutyesterday.
我昨天理了发。
◆Theladyhad/gotherbagstolenonthebusyesterday.
昨天,这位女士的包在公共汽车上被偷了。
(2)havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人/某物一直做某事;getsb./sth.doingsth.使某人/某物(开始)做某事。
sb./sth.与构成现在分词的动词之间是主谓关系。
◆Don’thavethewaterrunningwhilebrushingyourteeth.
刷牙时,别让水一直流着。
◆Let’sgetthemachinerunning.
让我们使这台机器运转起来吧。
(3)havesb.dosth./getsb.todosth.让某人做某事;havesth.todo有某事要做(todo作后置定语)。
◆Myparentsalwaysgetmetodosomehousework.
父母总是让我做些家务。
◆Themanagerhadhissecretarycollectsomeinformation.
经理让他的秘书收集些信息。
2.with复合结构中作宾补的非谓语动词
“with+宾语+宾补”结构可在句中作定语或状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等),宾补可以是名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
在此我们重点讲解宾补是分词和不定式的情况。
(1)with+名词/代词+现在分词。
现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
◆Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.
他躺在草地上,眼望着天空。
(伴随状语)
(2)with+名词/代词+过去分词。
过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。
◆Withhishaircut,helookedmuchyounger.
理了发,他看起来年轻多了。
(原因状语)
(3)with+名词/代词+不定式。
不定式表示动作尚未发生。
切记:
不定式一般情况下都用主动形式。
◆Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.
因为有很多家庭作业要做,我不能和你一起去滑冰了。
(原因状语)
单句语法填空
1.WhenIpassedbyhisoffice,Iheardhimsinging(sing)aChinesesong.
2.Theplacelooksmuchbettersincetheyhaditredecorated(redecorate).
3.Tomhasbeenawayfromhomefortwoyears,leavinghisroomcovered(cover)withdust.
4.WhenIsawthedogbeing__beaten(beat)byseveralboys,Icameuptostopthem.
5.Themanleftusstanding(stand)alone,unabletofindanyhelp.
6.WhentheGreensfoundtheirhousebroken(break)into,theycalledthepoliceatonce.
7.Didyouhearthesongsung(sing)inChinesewhenintheU.S.A.?
8.WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomenarguing(argue).
9.Abeggarinragsstoodtherewithhiseyesstaring(stare)atthesteakontheplate.
10.Don’tleavethegirlwaiting(wait)outsideallthetime.
语法与写作
1.Mymotherkeptmepractising/practicing__playing__the__piano(练习弹钢琴),whichmademeannoyed.
2.With__the__temperature__rising(随着温度的升高),theleavesandgrassbegantoappear.
3.Tohissurprise,hedidn’tnotice__his__wallet__stolen(注意到被人偷)onthebus.
4.Thecouplefeltverysatisfiedtoseetheirdaughtertaken__good__care__of(受到很好的照顾)inthenewnursery.
5.Jackhad__his__left__leg__broken(摔断了左腿)whileplayingfootball,whichmadeallofusverysad.
劝说信
文体感知
劝说信的内容来源于我们对生活的感知,是就我们所发现的家庭生活、学校生活或社会生活中的某种现象,向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议的一种应用文体。
增分佳句
1.Thereasonwhytheenvironmentispollutedisthatwedon’tattachgreatimportancetoit.
2.Weareconcernedthatmaterialswillbeusedupsoon.
3.Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorealizethattakingexerciseisbeneficialtoourhealth.
4.Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplespendmostoftheirsparetimeonphones.
5.Inordertosolvetheproblem,weshouldreducewaste.
6.IhopeyoucantakewhatIhavesaidintoaccount.
7.Iwishyoucanrealizetheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.
8.Wewillsparenoeffortstoprotectourearth.
写作要求
每年的10月31日是联合国确定的“世界勤俭日”。
假如你是李华,请针对校园中学生花钱如水、没有节约意识以及追求高水平生活、追求时髦等现象,写一封劝说信,鼓励同学们养成勤俭节约的好习惯。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.开头和结尾已写好,不计入总词数。
Dearfriends,
Asweknow,WorldThriftDayfallsonOctober31st.SothistimeI’dliketodiscussthriftwithyou.
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Bestwishes.
Yoursfaithfully,
LiHua
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
应用文
话题
提倡勤俭节约
时态
一般现在时
人称
第一、第三人称
词句推敲
1.词汇
①花销 expenditure
②概念concept__
③生活水平living__standard
④追求pursue
⑤价值观values
2.句式
①最近几年,中学生的花销急剧上升。
普通表达:
Inrecentyears,theexpenditureofmiddleschoolstudentshasrisensharply.
高级表达:
Inrecentyears,theexpenditureofmiddleschoolstudentshas__been__on__the__sharp__rise/increase.(用高级词汇ontherise/increase改写)
②一些学生喜欢追求时尚和潮流,这将花费更多的钱。
普通表达:
Somestudentsliketopursuefashionandtrends.Thistendstoneedmoremoney.
高级表达:
Some__students__like__to__pursue__fashion__and__trends,__which__
tends__to__need__more__money.(用非限制性定语从句改写)
妙笔成篇
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Onepossibleversion:
Dearfriends,
As__we__know,__World__Thrift__Day__falls__on__October__31st.__So__this__time__I’d__like__to__discuss__thrift__with__you.
Inrecentyears,withtheimprovementoflivingstandard,parentscanaffordhigherexpenditureoftheirchildren.Theexpenditureofmiddleschoolstudentshasbeenonthesharprise.Manyofthemspendmoneywithoutlimitandhavenoconceptofthrift.What’smore,somestudentsliketopursuefashionandtrends,whichtendstoneedmoremoney.
Inaword,middleschoolstudentsshouldlearntobethrifty.Weshouldrealizethatit’snoteasyforourparentstomakemoney.Soweshouldlimitourexpenditureinourdailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanwedevelopcorrectvalues.
Best__wishes.
Yours__faithfully,
Li__Hua
单句语法填空
1.Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeoplesurrounding(surround)her,shefeltverynervous.
2.Hehadnochoicebuttogethisbadtoothpulled(pull)outyesterday.
3.Heexpressedhissupportfortheplanwithhisrighthandraised(raise).
4.Hefoundhispenbroken(break)whenhegotbacktotheclassroomfromtheplayground.
5.Don’thavethelightsburning(burn)allnight.Itwillwastetoomuchelectricity.
6.Mygrandfatherisgoingtohavehisoldhouserebuilt(rebuild).
7.Withsomuchwatercovering(cover)itssurface,theearthlookslikeablueball.
8.Thespeakerraisedhervoice,hopingtomakeherselfheard(hear).
9.MycellphonehasbrokendownandIwantitrepaired(repair)soon.
10.Withhishomeworkfinished(finish),hewentouttoplaywithhisfriend.
阅读理解
A
Therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofnaturaldisastersoverthepastfewyears,anditisassumedthatglobalwarmingandclimatechangecouldcauseevenmoredisastersinthefuture.Someoftheworld’sleadingcitiesarefacingdisasterslikefloodsandheatwaves.
London
London’sflooddefencesaregettingolder.Since1982,theThamesBarrier(水闸)hasprotectedthecityfromthethreatofflooding,butitwasonlydesignedtolastuntil2030andcloseonceeverytwoorthreeyears.About26yearslater,thebarriernowclosesfiveorsixtimesayearandaccordingtoEnvironmentAgencypredictions,by2050thebarrierwillbeclosedonalmosteverytideiftheproblemisnotaddressed.
Thereare26undergroundstations,400schools,16hospitals,anairportand80billionworthofpropertyinLondon’sfloodriskarea,solargescalefloodingwouldbedisastrous.
Paris
OverasixweekperiodinJulyandAugust2003,morethan11,400—mainlyelderlypeople—diedinFrancefromdehydration(脱水)andextremelyhighbodytemperatureinadeadlyheatwave.Heatwavesofsimilarintensity(强度)areexpectedeverysevenyearsby2050,sowhatcanbedonetomakesuresuchadisasterdoesnothappenagain?
Onesolutionistohaveairconditionersinstalledinelderlycarehomes.Butthisisconsideredashorttermsolution,astheincreaseindemandforelectricityalsoincreasescarbonemissions(排放).
InParisthelocalauthoritiesareencouragingarchitectstodesignnewtypesofbuildingssuchasthebuilding“FlowerTower”,whichusesacoveringofbambootoactasanaturalairconditioner.
Shanghai
ShanghaiisoneofthefastestgrowingcitiesonEarth.Ithasapopulationof18millionandisonly4metersabovesealevel.Sealevelsarepredictedtoriseby20cmwithinthenextcentury.
Anestimated250,000peoplemovetoShanghaieveryyearinsearchofwork,placingextrademandsonenergyconsumption.Chinareliesheavilyoncoalfiredpowerstations,buttheseemissionsincreasetemperaturesand,inturn,warmerseasincreasetheriskoftyphoons.
【解题导语】 近年来全球自然灾害的数量剧增,据预测,在将来,全球变暖等气候变化将会导致更多的灾难。
让我们看一看世界上的大城市将会面临什么样的灾难。
1.WhatproblemshouldbesettlednowinLondon?
A.Howtoprotectthecity’sproperty.
B.Wheretobuilditsflooddefences.
C.HowtousetheThamesBarriertoprotect