学年新教材高中英语Unit6EarthfirstSectionⅢUsinglanguage.docx

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学年新教材高中英语Unit6EarthfirstSectionⅢUsinglanguage

SectionⅢ Usinglanguage&Writing

ing形式和ed形式作宾语补足语

补足语是用来说明宾语或主语情况的成分,在英语中,ing形式和ed形式都可以作补足语。

1.ing形式作宾语补足语

ing形式作宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。

能接ing形式作补语的有两类动词:

(1)感觉、感官类动词:

see,notice,watch,lookat,hear,listento,find,feel,smell等。

◆Heheardthewindblowingoutside.

他听到外边在刮风。

◆Ifeltmyheartbeatingfaster.

我感到我的心跳得更快了。

(2)使役动词:

keep,get,leave,have等。

◆I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.

不好意思让你等这么久。

◆Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.

休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。

2.ed形式作补语

ed形式作宾语补足语既可表示被动又可表示动作已经完成;宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。

ed形式作补语的常见情况:

(1)位于feel,find,hear,notice,see,smell,observe等感官动词后作补语。

◆Shewasgladtoseeherchildtakengoodcareof.

她很高兴看到自己的孩子被照顾得很好。

◆IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.

我正在睡觉,这时听到有人喊我的名字。

(2)位于get,have,make,keep,leave等使役动词后作补语。

◆Theyaregoingtohavethehousepaintedwhite.

他们准备把房子刷成白色。

1.使役动词have,get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:

(1)havesth.done=getsth.done

◆Ihad/gotmyhaircutyesterday.

我昨天理了发。

◆Theladyhad/gotherbagstolenonthebusyesterday.

昨天,这位女士的包在公共汽车上被偷了。

(2)havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人/某物一直做某事;getsb./sth.doingsth.使某人/某物(开始)做某事。

sb./sth.与构成现在分词的动词之间是主谓关系。

◆Don’thavethewaterrunningwhilebrushingyourteeth.

刷牙时,别让水一直流着。

◆Let’sgetthemachinerunning.

让我们使这台机器运转起来吧。

(3)havesb.dosth./getsb.todosth.让某人做某事;havesth.todo有某事要做(todo作后置定语)。

◆Myparentsalwaysgetmetodosomehousework.

父母总是让我做些家务。

◆Themanagerhadhissecretarycollectsomeinformation.

经理让他的秘书收集些信息。

2.with复合结构中作宾补的非谓语动词

“with+宾语+宾补”结构可在句中作定语或状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等),宾补可以是名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。

在此我们重点讲解宾补是分词和不定式的情况。

(1)with+名词/代词+现在分词。

现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。

◆Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.

他躺在草地上,眼望着天空。

(伴随状语)

(2)with+名词/代词+过去分词。

过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。

◆Withhishaircut,helookedmuchyounger.

理了发,他看起来年轻多了。

(原因状语)

(3)with+名词/代词+不定式。

不定式表示动作尚未发生。

切记:

不定式一般情况下都用主动形式。

◆Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.

因为有很多家庭作业要做,我不能和你一起去滑冰了。

(原因状语)

单句语法填空

1.WhenIpassedbyhisoffice,Iheardhimsinging(sing)aChinesesong.

2.Theplacelooksmuchbettersincetheyhaditredecorated(redecorate).

3.Tomhasbeenawayfromhomefortwoyears,leavinghisroomcovered(cover)withdust.

4.WhenIsawthedogbeing__beaten(beat)byseveralboys,Icameuptostopthem.

5.Themanleftusstanding(stand)alone,unabletofindanyhelp.

6.WhentheGreensfoundtheirhousebroken(break)into,theycalledthepoliceatonce.

7.Didyouhearthesongsung(sing)inChinesewhenintheU.S.A.?

8.WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomenarguing(argue).

9.Abeggarinragsstoodtherewithhiseyesstaring(stare)atthesteakontheplate.

10.Don’tleavethegirlwaiting(wait)outsideallthetime.

语法与写作

1.Mymotherkeptmepractising/practicing__playing__the__piano(练习弹钢琴),whichmademeannoyed.

2.With__the__temperature__rising(随着温度的升高),theleavesandgrassbegantoappear.

3.Tohissurprise,hedidn’tnotice__his__wallet__stolen(注意到被人偷)onthebus.

4.Thecouplefeltverysatisfiedtoseetheirdaughtertaken__good__care__of(受到很好的照顾)inthenewnursery.

5.Jackhad__his__left__leg__broken(摔断了左腿)whileplayingfootball,whichmadeallofusverysad.

劝说信

文体感知

劝说信的内容来源于我们对生活的感知,是就我们所发现的家庭生活、学校生活或社会生活中的某种现象,向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议的一种应用文体。

增分佳句

1.Thereasonwhytheenvironmentispollutedisthatwedon’tattachgreatimportancetoit.

2.Weareconcernedthatmaterialswillbeusedupsoon.

3.Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorealizethattakingexerciseisbeneficialtoourhealth.

4.Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplespendmostoftheirsparetimeonphones.

5.Inordertosolvetheproblem,weshouldreducewaste.

6.IhopeyoucantakewhatIhavesaidintoaccount.

7.Iwishyoucanrealizetheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.

8.Wewillsparenoeffortstoprotectourearth.

写作要求

每年的10月31日是联合国确定的“世界勤俭日”。

假如你是李华,请针对校园中学生花钱如水、没有节约意识以及追求高水平生活、追求时髦等现象,写一封劝说信,鼓励同学们养成勤俭节约的好习惯。

注意:

1.词数80左右;

2.开头和结尾已写好,不计入总词数。

Dearfriends,

Asweknow,WorldThriftDayfallsonOctober31st.SothistimeI’dliketodiscussthriftwithyou.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Bestwishes.

Yoursfaithfully,

LiHua

审题谋篇

项目

结论

体裁

应用文

话题

提倡勤俭节约

时态

一般现在时

人称

第一、第三人称

词句推敲

1.词汇

①花销        expenditure

②概念concept__

③生活水平living__standard

④追求pursue

⑤价值观values

2.句式

①最近几年,中学生的花销急剧上升。

普通表达:

Inrecentyears,theexpenditureofmiddleschoolstudentshasrisensharply.

高级表达:

Inrecentyears,theexpenditureofmiddleschoolstudentshas__been__on__the__sharp__rise/increase.(用高级词汇ontherise/increase改写)

②一些学生喜欢追求时尚和潮流,这将花费更多的钱。

普通表达:

Somestudentsliketopursuefashionandtrends.Thistendstoneedmoremoney.

高级表达:

Some__students__like__to__pursue__fashion__and__trends,__which__

tends__to__need__more__money.(用非限制性定语从句改写)

妙笔成篇

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Onepossibleversion:

Dearfriends,

As__we__know,__World__Thrift__Day__falls__on__October__31st.__So__this__time__I’d__like__to__discuss__thrift__with__you.

Inrecentyears,withtheimprovementoflivingstandard,parentscanaffordhigherexpenditureoftheirchildren.Theexpenditureofmiddleschoolstudentshasbeenonthesharprise.Manyofthemspendmoneywithoutlimitandhavenoconceptofthrift.What’smore,somestudentsliketopursuefashionandtrends,whichtendstoneedmoremoney.

Inaword,middleschoolstudentsshouldlearntobethrifty.Weshouldrealizethatit’snoteasyforourparentstomakemoney.Soweshouldlimitourexpenditureinourdailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanwedevelopcorrectvalues.

Best__wishes.

Yours__faithfully,

Li__Hua

单句语法填空

1.Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeoplesurrounding(surround)her,shefeltverynervous.

2.Hehadnochoicebuttogethisbadtoothpulled(pull)outyesterday.

3.Heexpressedhissupportfortheplanwithhisrighthandraised(raise).

4.Hefoundhispenbroken(break)whenhegotbacktotheclassroomfromtheplayground.

5.Don’thavethelightsburning(burn)allnight.Itwillwastetoomuchelectricity.

6.Mygrandfatherisgoingtohavehisoldhouserebuilt(rebuild).

7.Withsomuchwatercovering(cover)itssurface,theearthlookslikeablueball.

8.Thespeakerraisedhervoice,hopingtomakeherselfheard(hear).

9.MycellphonehasbrokendownandIwantitrepaired(repair)soon.

10.Withhishomeworkfinished(finish),hewentouttoplaywithhisfriend.

阅读理解

A

Therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofnaturaldisastersoverthepastfewyears,anditisassumedthatglobalwarmingandclimatechangecouldcauseevenmoredisastersinthefuture.Someoftheworld’sleadingcitiesarefacingdisasterslikefloodsandheatwaves.

London

London’sflooddefencesaregettingolder.Since1982,theThamesBarrier(水闸)hasprotectedthecityfromthethreatofflooding,butitwasonlydesignedtolastuntil2030andcloseonceeverytwoorthreeyears.About26yearslater,thebarriernowclosesfiveorsixtimesayearandaccordingtoEnvironmentAgencypredictions,by2050thebarrierwillbeclosedonalmosteverytideiftheproblemisnotaddressed.

Thereare26undergroundstations,400schools,16hospitals,anairportand80billionworthofpropertyinLondon’sfloodriskarea,solargescalefloodingwouldbedisastrous.

Paris

OverasixweekperiodinJulyandAugust2003,morethan11,400—mainlyelderlypeople—diedinFrancefromdehydration(脱水)andextremelyhighbodytemperatureinadeadlyheatwave.Heatwavesofsimilarintensity(强度)areexpectedeverysevenyearsby2050,sowhatcanbedonetomakesuresuchadisasterdoesnothappenagain?

Onesolutionistohaveairconditionersinstalledinelderlycarehomes.Butthisisconsideredashorttermsolution,astheincreaseindemandforelectricityalsoincreasescarbonemissions(排放).

InParisthelocalauthoritiesareencouragingarchitectstodesignnewtypesofbuildingssuchasthebuilding“FlowerTower”,whichusesacoveringofbambootoactasanaturalairconditioner.

Shanghai

ShanghaiisoneofthefastestgrowingcitiesonEarth.Ithasapopulationof18millionandisonly4metersabovesealevel.Sealevelsarepredictedtoriseby20cmwithinthenextcentury.

Anestimated250,000peoplemovetoShanghaieveryyearinsearchofwork,placingextrademandsonenergyconsumption.Chinareliesheavilyoncoalfiredpowerstations,buttheseemissionsincreasetemperaturesand,inturn,warmerseasincreasetheriskoftyphoons.

【解题导语】 近年来全球自然灾害的数量剧增,据预测,在将来,全球变暖等气候变化将会导致更多的灾难。

让我们看一看世界上的大城市将会面临什么样的灾难。

1.WhatproblemshouldbesettlednowinLondon?

A.Howtoprotectthecity’sproperty.

B.Wheretobuilditsflooddefences.

C.HowtousetheThamesBarriertoprotect

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