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精选教育简单句知识点整理学案doc
简单句
概念:
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句。
一,根据句子的结构分类:
1主谓Thesunisrising.
Thetrainhasleft.
2主系表wearestudents.
Thefishhasgonebad.
3主谓宾sheiswritingaletter.
4主谓间接宾语+直接宾语shegavemeabook.
Hetoldusalie.
5主谓宾+宾补hemadeuslaugh.
Ihearsomeonesinging.
6therebe句型thereisabookonthedesk.
Thereare50studentsinourclass.
二,根据句子作用分类:
陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句
1,陈述句
用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法。
1肯定式
Mydaughterhasgraduadtedfromschool.
2否定式
1),be和助动词will,,have情态动词can,shall,should后直接加not.
Mikewillnotgothere.
2),行为动词,借助don’t,doesn’t,didn’t
Shedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
3)注意:
allboth与not连用表半否定
Allthesebooksarenotmine.这些书并非都是我的。
2,疑问句
分为四种,一般疑问,特殊疑问,反义疑问,选择疑问。
1),一般疑问句
用yes,no来回答。
Issheateacher?
Yes,sheis.
2),特殊疑问句
WhenwillyougotovisittheGreatWall?
Whoisintheroom?
(who作主语)
Whydon”tyou…?
表建议
3),反义疑问句
分俩类:
①陈述句+疑问部分
(前肯定后否定;前否定后肯定)
Hedoesn’tlikesports,doeshe?
注意:
前有否定词缀时,
Hedislikessports,doesn”the?
前含有never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nothing,等否定词时,
HehardlyknowsEnglish,doeshe?
前有Idon”tthink(believe,suppose,expect)时,
Idon”tthinkhecanfinishthework,canhe?
ShethinksIcanfinishthework,doesn”tshe?
3肯定式+肯定疑问
祈使句时
Haveacupoftea,willyou?
Let’sgothere,shallwe?
请对方证实
Yourbikeisoutside,isit?
反义疑问句的回答,事实肯定用yes,事实否定用no
JapanisinEurope,isn”tit?
No,itisn”t.
Japanisn”tinEurope,isit?
No,itisn”t
4),选择疑问句
Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike?
3,祈使句
表示命令,请求,建议
Getup.
Comein,please.
Don’tbeafraid.
Let’sgohome
Don’tletthedogcomeintotheroom.
4,感叹句
How引导.(修饰形容词或副词)
What引导(修饰中心词是名词,前可能有形容词修饰)
HowfluentlyhespeaksEnglish!
Whatfineweather!
注意冠词位置:
Whatamovingstory!
Howmovingastory!
三,句子成分
主谓宾定状补,表,同位语
1,主语
句子所说的人和物
Wegetupatsixinthemorning.
2,谓语
说明主语的动作或状态,动词充当
HeplaysfootballonSunday.
3,宾语
谓语动词的动作对象,介词后,或动词后
Theflooddestroyedmanyhouses.
分俩种,指人的是直接宾语,指物的是间接宾语
Myparentsgavemeapresentonmybirthday.
4,定语
用来修饰名词,意思是“...的”
Thebookonthedeskismine.
Thatisaninterestingstory.
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
5,状语
修饰动词,或形容词,或句子,表时间,地点,原因,目的,程度,结果等
WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft,
Shecomesheretoborrowsomebooks.
6,宾语补足语
位于宾语后,补充说明宾语
Thebadnewsmadehersad.
7,表语
系动词后,
Wearehappy.
Themusicsoundsnice.
Hebecameateacherattheageof20.
8,同位语
说明前面名词表示的具体内容
Westudentsmuststudyhard.
9,therebe句型
注意主语后定语的结构
Thereisamanwaitingforyou.
Therewere20peoplekilledintheaccident.
Thereissomethingimportanttodealwith.
辨析:
Therebe:
某地有某物
Have:
拥有
Thereare4membersinmyfamily.
Ihaveabrotherandasister.
简单句练习题
一、划分句子成分
1.Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.
ABC
2.Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
ABC
3.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
ABCD
4.Therewasabigsmileonherface.
AB
5.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewasyoung.
ABCD
6.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.
ABCD
7.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
ABCDE
8.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
ABCD
9.TheycallmeLilysometimes.
ABCDE
10.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.
ABCD
二、变换句型
1.Hedidhishomeworklastnight.(变否定句)
2.Robertisastudent.(变否定句)
3.Itiscoldonthemoonatnight.(变一般疑问句)
4.WehadaphysicstestlastWednesday.(就划线部分提问)
5.Shehassupperatsix.(变反意疑问句)
三、单项选择
1.hegaveyou!
A.whatgoodadviceB.howgoodadvice
C.whatagoodadviceD.howgoodadvices
2.---didn’tyouenjoytheperformancelastnight?
-----______.itwaslesswonderfulthanexpected.
A.Yes,Idid.B.Yes,Ididn’t
C.No,Ididn’tD.No,Idid
3.ItisthethirdtimethatJhonhasbeenlate,________?
A.Hasn’theB.isn’the
C.Isn’titD.hasn’tit
4.Tom_____swimmingincoldwater.
A.notlikeB.likesnot
C.doesn’tlikeD.doeslikenot
5.waitaminute________?
A.shallyouB.willyou
C.doyouD.don’tyou
6.Thesuit’sfinished________?
A.Don’titB.isn’tit
C.Haven’titD.don’tyou
7.idon’tthinkhewillcometoourparty________?
A.willheB.won’the
C.doesheD.doi
8.________downtheradio!
Thebabyisasleepinthenextroom.
A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurningD.Turn
9.sinceyouhaverepairedmytvset,____isnoneedformetobuyanewone.
A.ItB.thereC.thisD.that
10.shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhour.
A.ArrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived
11.shedislikethisskirt_______?
A.Doesn’tsheB.doesn’tshe
C.Isn’tsheD.isshe
12.---_____isyourfather.
---heisateacherinamiddleschool.
A.WhatB.whoC.whichD.where
13.---howisyourfather?
---_____?
A.Heisfine,thankyou!
B.Heisonly40.
C.Heisadriver
D.Helikesfootballbest.
14.--________haveyoubeenawayfromhome?
---Ihavebeenawayfromhomeforfivemonths.
A.H