英语押题卫生b小抄Word文档下载推荐.docx
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NorthCarolina3,studiedtheconfidentialityissues[相关短语]北卡罗来纳州达勒姆的杜克
of15HIV-infectedpatientsfromruralNorth大学的KathrynWhetten-Goldstein博士及其同Carolinalocations.Theyweredividedintogroups事们把本州乡下的15名HIV患者作为研究designedtoexploretheirattitudestoward,and对象,研究他们的保密性问题。
研究对象
experienceswith,breachesinconfidentiality.被分成若干组,分别用于研究其在保密性
[近义词]“Thefearofabreachin这方面的态度、经历及违反情况。
confidentialityisdefinitelyaffectingthecarethat[词源解析]“害怕泄漏隐私势必影响HIVHIV-infectedpatientsreceive,”Whetten患者接受治疗,”Whetten-Goldstein说道,“大Goldsteinsaid.“Moststudiedpatientshadtogether多数病人经历过泄密,或知道有
experiencedorknewsomeonewhohad人被泄密过。
”
experiencedabreachinconfidentiality."
[相关短语]“泄密者有两个类型,”
H
[反义词]“Twotypesofbreachesoccurred,”Whetten-Goldstein提到,“第一种泄密更为明
Whetten-Goldsteinnoted.“Thefirstwasamore显。
例子之一就是某人护士由于担心自己obvioustypeofbreach.Oneexamplewasa的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩,所以就告nursewhotoldherchildthatherpatientwas诉自己的孩子,这个病人是HIV阳性的病
HIV-positiveoutofconcernthatherchildwould人。
playwiththepatient’schild.4”[词源解析]“第二种泄密更为隐秘,医生[近义词]“Theothertypeofbreachwasmorepatient可能不认为是泄漏个人机密,”维subtle,onethatprovidersmightnotconsider顿高德斯坦解释说,“这种泄密涉及那些未
breaches,5”Whetten-Goldsteinexplained.“This经患者知晓便讨论其HIV情况的医生们。
”typeofbreachinvolvesproviderstalkingabouta[相关短语]“法律允许同一单位的医生可patient’sHIVstatuswithoutthepatient’s以共同使用病人资料,其他单位的医生必knowledgeoftheinteraction.”须征得病人同一才能使用这些材料。
”她指[反义词]“Thelawallowsthesharingof出。
informationbetweenproviderswithinthesame[词源解析]“研究表明,当医生与其他医institution,butpatient’sconsentmustbedisease生交流信息时,许多病人想让医obtainedbeforeprovidersatdifferentinstitutions生告诉他们且给出原因,”Whetten-Goldstein
canshareinformation,”shepointedout.说道:
“他们还认为泄密的医生应受到惩
[近义词]“Patientsinthestudywanted罚。
providerstotellthemwhentheyaregoingtoshare[相关短语]“但是由于病人常常不愿意采
·
383·
取法律行动,因为这样会进一步暴露其病情,他们感到这一系统本身需要做出调整。
”她补充说。
1.AllpatientsinthestudyrefusetoreceiveanytreatmentbecauseofthepossibilitytoexposetheirHIVstatus--Wrong
2.WorryaboutbreachesinconfidentialityoftheHIVstatushasnothingtodowiththecurative
effectsonpatients--Wrong
3.Medicalworkersofaninstitutioncannotfreely
providetheirHTV-patients’informationtothoseofotherinstitutions--Right
4.WhetheranHIV-infectedpatientagreestoother(nothis)medicalworkers’sharingtheinformationabouthisHIVstatusisoneoftherightsgivenbytheconstitution--Notmentioned
5.MostpatientsinthestudystronglyobjecttothebreachesintheconfidentialityoftheirHIVstatus--Right
6.Quiteafewpatientswillfirmlydefendtheirownrightifsuchabreachoccurs--Wrong
7.Breachesinconfidentialityarecommoninmedicalcirclesallovertheworld--Notmentioned
H※FoodandCancer--食物和癌症
[近义词]Medicalexpelshavesuspectedfor
manyyearsthatthereisastronglinkbetweenwhatapersoneatsandcancer.Theysayanewstudyprovidesthefirstevidence1thatvitamins
couldreduceaperson’schanceofdeveloping
cancer.AteamofChineseandAmericanscientistsdidthestudy.TheyarefromAmericanNationalCancerInstitute2andtheCancerInstituteofthe
ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciences3in
Beijing.TheJournaloftheNationalCancer
Institutepublishedtheresultsofthestudy.Aboutthirtythousandpeoplebetweentheagesof40to69tookpartinthestudy.TheywerefromthenortherncentralChineseareaofLinxian.Mostofthemtookvitaminsandmineralseverydayforfiveyears.
[反义词]Linxianwaschosenbecausethe
peopletherehaveallextremelyhighrateofcancerofstomachandesophagus.Researchersbelieve
384·
thatfungusandmoldsinlocalfoodsmaybepartlyresponsibleforthehighcancerrate.Researchersdividedthoseintoeightgroups.Sevenofthe
groupsreceiveddifferentmixturesofvitamins
andmineralsdaily.Theamountsofthevitamins
andmineralswere1to2timesgreaterthanwhatAmericanhealthofficialssayisneeded.Theeighthgroupreceivedsugarpills4thathadnoeffect.ThosewhoseemedtogainthemostreceivedamixtureofaformofvitaminAcalled
β–carotene,vitaminEandthemineralselenium.
Thevitaminandmineralarebelievedtopreventdamagetocellscausedbycancer-causingsubstances.Researchersreporteda
13percentdropincancerratesinthosewhotookβ–carotene,vitaminEandselenium5.Theyalsofounda10percentdropinthenumberofdeaths
causedbystrokesfromburstingbloodvessels.[近义词]Scientistswarnthatitistoosoontoknowiftheeffectwouldbethesameamong
peopleinothercountries.TheynotethatthepeopleinLinxianeatfoodsthatlacknecessary
vitaminsandminerals.Chineseofficialswill
continuetorecordthehealthrecordsofthepeople
inLinxianformanyyears.Fornowofficialsreportedlyareconsideringusingtheresultsofthestudy.TheywanttofindawaytoimprovethehealthofpeopleinLinxianandothersmalltownsinChina.
[词源解析]医学专家们很多年来一直怀
疑人们的饮食与癌症有着密切地联系。
他们说,一项新的研究提供了第一手证据证
明维生素可以降低人患癌症的概率。
做这
项研究的是一队中美科学家。
他们来自美
situation国国家癌症研究所和北京的中国医学科学院癌症研究所。
《国家癌症研究
所杂志》发布了这项研究结果。
大约3万
40岁到69岁之间的人参与了这项研究。
他们来自中国中北部的林县。
他们中大部分人连续五年每天服用维生素和矿物质。
[相关短语]选中林县是因为那里的人们患胃癌和食道癌的比例很高。
研究者认为,当地食物的真菌和霉菌是癌症发病率高的
原因之一。
研究者把这些人分为8组。
其apossiblecureisgoodnewsformanypeople.
中7组每天服用不同的维生素和矿物质混[反义词]Ulcersarewoundsinthestomachthattechnology合物。
这些维生素和矿物质aresimilartosmallcutsortears1.Thesewounds的量比美国医学官员所说的必需量高一到canharmthetissueinthestomach2,thepipethat
两倍。
第8组服用没有任何效力的糖丸。
carriesthefoodtothestomachorpartsofthe那些获取最多的人服用的是一种就做β-胡smallintestines.Fluidsinthestomachthen萝卜素的维生素A、维生素E和矿物质硒increasethepainofanulcer.Howdoesa
的混合物。
人们相信维生素和矿物质可以personknowheorshehasanulcer?
Doctorssay
阻止致癌物质破坏细胞。
研究者报告,那mostpeoplewithulcersfeelaburningpainintheir些服用β-胡萝卜素、维生素E和硒的人群chestorstomach3.Thispainofteniscalled中患癌率降低了13%。
他们同样发现这个heartburn.Itusuallyhappensbeforeeatingor人群中脑溢血死亡率降低了10%。
duringthenight.Itcausessomepeopletolose[词源解析]科学家们警告说,现在还不知theirdesiretoeat,ortheyareunabletokeepfood道这些效果在别的国家的人群中是否一intheirstomachs.Doctorsbelievedthatulcers样。
他们指出,林县人吃的食物缺少必要werecausedbyunusuallystrongstomachfluids,million的维生素和矿物质。
中国官方将在whichdamagedstomachtissue.Nowtheyhave
今后许多年继续记录林县人的健康状况。
discoveredthatmostulcersarecausedbya
现在,官方声称在考虑使用这项研究成果,bacterialorganismcalledHillicoBactorPilorieor
他们希望寻找到一条提高林县和中国其他HPilorie.HPiloriebacteriaarewhatmake
小村镇人民健康的途径。
stomachproduceextrastomachfluid.Doctors1.Theresultsofthenewstudyarefoundthattheycankillthebacteriawith
unexpected--Wrongmedicinescalledantibiotics.Healthexpertssay2.Amongthescientiststhatdidthestudy,therearethediscoveryofacureforulcerscansave
moreChinesethanAmericans--Notmentionedthousandsofmillionsofdollarsinmedicalcosts.
3.Thestudylastedforaboutfiveyears--RightTheyalsobelievecuringulcerswillreducethe
4.Therateofcancerofstomachandesophagusinnumberofpeoplewhodevelopstomachcancer.LinxianisthehighestinChina--NotmentionedThenumberofpeoplewithstomachcancerisvery5.FungusandmoldsinlocalfoodsmaybepartlyhighinJapan,SoutheastAsiaandpartsofAfrica.
responsibleforthehighcancerrateinLinxian--[反义词]Doctorssayapersonismorelikelyto
Rightgetanulcerifsomeoneinhisorherfamilyhas6.Allthosepeoplewhotookpartinthestudyhadone.Infactapersonwiththefamilyhistoryofreceivedvitaminsandminerals--Wrongulcersisthreetimesmorelikelytogetonethan
7.Theresultsofthestudyareofgreatsignificanceotherpeople.Therearewayspeoplecanprotecttopeopleeverywhere--Wrongthemselvesfromdevelopinganulcer.Doctorssay
※StomachUlcer--胃溃疡itismoreimportanttoreducetheamountofstrong
[近义词]Stomachulcersarethecauseofseverefluidsinthestomach.Todothis,doctorssay,
painformanypeople.Doctorshavebeenabletopeopleshouldnotsmokecigarettesordrinkhelplessenthepainofulcers.Theycouldnotcurealcohol.Andtheysaypeopleshouldreducethem.Nowdoctorshavediscoveredacauseoftensionintheirlives.
ulcers.Thismeanstheymayhavefoundawayto[相关短语]胃溃疡对很多人来说是导致
curepeoplewhosufferfromthestomachpain.胃剧痛的原因。
医生们早已能够帮助减轻Studiesshowthattenpercentofthepopulationcountry胃溃疡导致的疼痛,但他们不能willdevelopanulceratsometimeintheirlife.So完全治愈病人。
现在医生们发现了一个导
385·
致胃溃疡的原因。
这就意味着他们可以找到治愈胃痛患者的途径。
研究表明,10%的人在一生中会患胃溃疡。
因此