unit 6 Knowledge and WisdomWord文档下载推荐.docx

unit 6 Knowledge and WisdomWord文档下载推荐.docx

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洞察力

“Onecannothavewisdomwithoutlivinglife”（DorothyMcCall）

“一个人不经历生活不可能有智慧”（多萝西·

麦克考）

2.Commonsense;

goodjudgment:

常识；

好的判断力：

“Itisacharacteristicofwisdomnottododesperatethings”（HenryDavidThoreau）

“不做孤注一掷的事情是具有好的判断力的一个特点”（亨利·

戴维·

梭罗）

3.Thesumofscholarlylearningthroughtheages;

knowledge:

知识，学问：

通过长时间学习获得的学识的总和，知识：

“Inthosehomelysayingswascouchedthecollectivewisdomofgenerations”（MayaAngelou）

“在那些朴实的谚语中蕴含着几代人集体智慧的结晶”（马雅·

安琪罗）

Idioms:

Learnwisdombythefolliesofothers.[谚]从旁人的愚行中学到智慧。

Nowisdomlikesilence.[谚]知道什么的时候应保持沉默就是聪明;

智者寡言。

That'

sgoodwisdomwhichiswisdomintheend.[谚]最后灵验的话才是至理名言;

聪明到头才算真。

Wisdomcomesbysuffering. 

吃一堑，长一智。

2.Everyonewanttobecomewise.Thenhowcanwebecomewise/wiser?

Doyouthinkwhatyouaredoingincollegecontributestothegrowthofwisdom?

BackgroundInformation

Abouttheauthor

PhotobyLarryBurrows

BertrandRussell

BertrandArthurWilliamRussell（b.1872-d.1970）wasaBritishphilosopher,logician,essayist,andsocialcritic,bestknownforhisworkinmathematicallogicandanalyticphilosophy.Hismostinfluentialcontributionsincludehisdefenseoflogicism（theviewthatmathematicsisinsomeimportantsensereducibletologic）,andhistheoriesofdefinitedescriptionsandlogicalatomism.AlongwithG.E.Moore,Russellisgenerallyrecognizedasoneofthefoundersofanalyticphilosophy.AlongwithKurtGö

del,heisalsoregularlycreditedwithbeingoneofthetwomostimportantlogiciansofthetwentiethcentury.

Overthecourseofhislongcareer,Russellmadesignificantcontributions,notjusttologicandphilosophy,buttoabroadrangeofothersubjectsincludingeducation,history,politicaltheoryandreligiousstudies.Inaddition,manyofhiswritingsonawidevarietyoftopicsinboththesciencesandthehumanitieshaveinfluencedgenerationsofgeneralreaders.Afteralifemarkedbycontroversy（includingdismissalsfrombothTrinityCollege,Cambridge,andCityCollege,NewYork）,RussellwasawardedtheOrderofMeritin1949andtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1950.Alsonotedforhismanyspiritedanti-warandanti-nuclearprotests,Russellremainedaprominentpublicfigureuntilhisdeathattheageof97.

Informationrelatedtothetext:

Hegel

WilhelmFriedrichHegel（）wasaGermanphilosopherborninStuttgart,Wurttemberg,inpresent-daysouthwestGermany.Hewasoneofthemostinfluentialwesternphilosophersofthe19thcentury.Hegelwasdubbedan“AbsoluteIdealist”becausehismetaphysicalsystempositedthatrealityistheresultofahistoricalprocesswhoseultimateendisanunderstandingoftheessenceofexistence,or“theAbsolute”Thisprocesshecalledthedialectic:

anevolutiontowardprogressthatspringsoutofconflict.WhileaprofessorinHeidelbergandBerlinhewrotehismostfamousworks,ThephenomenologyoftheMind,TheScienceofLogic,ThePhilosophyofRight.Healsowroteaboutethics,religionandpolitics,andhisphilosophicalsysteminfluencedthetheoriesofKarlMarxandFriedrichEngels.

Philosopher’sStone

InLatinlapisphilosophorum,isamythicalsubstancethatsupposedlycouldturninexpensivemetalsintogoldand/ofcreateanelixirthatwouldmakehumansyounger,thusdelayingdeath.Itwasalongtime“holygrail”ofWesternalchemy.Inthemysticviewofalchemy,makingthephilosopher’sstonewouldbringenlightenmentuponthemakerandconcludetheGreatWork.

Highlights

Theauthorofthetexttriestotellustheessenceofwisdomliesinimpartiality,theabilitytodefythephysicalworld.Russellbelievesknowledgeitselfcannotsavetheworld.Knowledgewithoutwisdomwillnotbenefittheworldandinsomecaseswillevenposeaseriousthreattohumanity.Soawiseperosnhastohaveacomprehensiveview.Theauthoralsoimpliesthattheprocessofgrowingwiseisthatoftearingitselfawayfromthephysicalandemotionalworldandmovingintoahigherstage,thespiritualworld.

Textanalysis

Thepassagecanbedividedintotwoparts.

PartI（Para1）Thefirstparagraphservesasintroduction.Theviewiscommonlyacceptedbymostpeoplethatknowledgeisnotequaltowisdomashistoryhassuggestedthattheacquisitionofknowledgedoesnotnecessarilyleadtotheincreaseofwisdom.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorstatesthepurposeofwriting,whichisthediscussionofwhatcontributestowisdomandhowtoteachwisdom.

1.Tointroducehispurposeofwriting,thewriterfirstintroducesaviewthatiscommonlyacceptedintermsofknowledgeandwisdom.Whatisit?

Mostpeoplebelievethatknowledgeisnotequaltowisdomashistoryhassuggestedthattheacquisitionofknowledgedoesnotnecessarilyleadtotheincreaseofwisdom.

2.“Butagreementceasesassoonas…”ie.,thecommonbeliefbreaksupassoonas…

Thenthewriterputsforwardhispurposeofwritingnaturallyinthequestionform:

Whatiswisdom?

（howtodefinewisdom?

）;

Whatcanbedonetoteachit?

（meansofpromotingwisdom.）

surpasssb./sth.（insth.）[fml]（doorbebetterthansb./sth.;

exceed）

Examples:

Thoughheisstrongerthanyou,youmaytrytosurpasshiminskill.

Don’tsayitisimpossibleforyou!

Itispossibleforeveryonetosurpassthemselves.

Thebeautyofthescenerysurpassedallmyexpectations.（surpassinglybeautifulscenery,ie.,exceptional）

Note:

“sur-”（over,above,beyond）

e.g.surcharge（inadditiontotheusualcharge）;

surrealism

-pass:

step,paceOtherexamples:

bypass,compass,impasse

c.f.surpass*exceed

exceed:

tobegreaterthanaparticularamount

e.g.Thecostwillnotexceed$50.

Hewasfinedforexceedingthespeedlimit.（todomorethanwhatislawfuloracceptable.）

Hiscarexceedsmineinspeed.E

Hiscarsurpassesmineinspeed.C

cease~tocometoanend

e.g.Graduallytheirtalkceased.

Atlasttheyceasedworkingforlackofcapital.

Hermotherneverceasedtellingyouabouthertroubles.

Heneverceasedfromhisactivitiesasapropagandist.

c.f.cease*pause*stop

Thewarceasedmanyyearsago.（正式用语，指状态或存在逐渐或突然终止）

Mywatchhasstopped.（常用词，指某一行为、活动或进程突然或断然地停止）

Shepausedtotiehershoe.（指行为短暂地停止或两个行为之间的间歇）

means~amethodthatenablesapurposetobefulfilled

e.g.Hewaspreparedtouseanymeanstogetwhathewanted.

Thequickestmeansoftravelisbyplane.

Shepreachedeconomyasthebestmeansofsolvingthecrisis.

Itisapluralnoun,butisusuallytreatedassingular

PartII（Paras.2~4）

Thispartisthemainbodyoftheessay.Thefourparagraphstelluswhatwisdomis.Theauthorholdsthatthesefactorscontributetowisdom:

asenseofproportion,anawarenessoftheendsofhumanlifeandemancipationfrompersonalprejudice.“Asenseofproportion”meanstheabilitytotakeaccountofalltheimportancefactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Inotherwords,itreferstotheabilitytojudgecorrectlywhatfactorsareofmoreimportanceandwhatareoflessimportance.

1.asenseofproportion（Para2）

（1）Whatkindofsenseisit?

asenseofproportion:

“thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.”

“acomprehensivevision”/“comprehensiveness”.

ie.,theabilitytoconsideralltheimportantfactorsinaproblem,thatis,togetacomprehensiveviewofaproblem,andatthesametime,toattachproperimportancetoeachfactor,thatis,tojudgecorrectlywhichfactorsareofmoreimportanceandwhichareoflessimportance.

（2）Accordingtotheauthor,whyisthesenseofproportion/comprehensivenessanimportantfactorthatcontributestowisdom?

“Thathasbecomedifficultthanitusedtobeowingto……technicians.”

ie.,Ashumanknowledgebecomesmoreandmoreextensiveandspecialized,onewhoisengagedinthestudyofhisspecificfieldmayfailtoforeseetheoutcomeoftheknowledgeheispursuing.Thismaydoharmratherthangoodtomankind,sincetheoutcomemaybeadisastertothesocietyinthefuture.Tobewise,oneshouldalsohavethefullcomprehensionofwhattheknowledgewillbringaboutwhileheispursuingknowledgeinhisspecificfield.

（3）Toillustratetheimportanceofthissense,theauthorgivestwoexamples.Whatarethey?

（4）Afterthetwoexamplestheauthordrawstheconclusion,“…thepursuitofknowledgemaybecomeharmful……pursuitofknowledge.”

Thatis,whenwepursueknowledgeitisquitenecessaryforustokeepwisdom——acomprehensivevision（asenseofproportion）,ifnot,thepursuitofknowledgemaybecomeharmful.

Awisepersonhastohaveacomprehensiveview.

（5）Topicfordiscussion:

Doyouhavemoreexamplesofthiskindinmind?

OnAugust2,1939,justbeforethebeginningofWorldWarII,AlbertEinsteinwrotetothenPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt.EinsteinandseveralotherscientiststoldRooseveltofeffortsinNaziGermanytopurifyuranium-235,whichcouldbeusedtobuildanatomicbomb.ItwasshortlythereafterthattheUnitedStatesGovernmentbegantheseriousundertakingknownthenonlyas"

TheManhattanProject."

Simplyput,theManhattanProjectwascommittedtoexpeditingresearchthatwouldproduceaviableatomicbomb.ThephysicistAlbertEinsteindidnotdirectlyparticipateintheinventionoftheatomicbomb.Butasweshallsee,hewasinstrumentalinfacilitatingitsdevelopment.Einstein'

sgreatestroleintheinventionoftheatomicbombwassigningalettertoPresident