词汇突破Word格式.docx

词汇突破Word格式.docx

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在高温高压下结合到另一金属上的金属外层

ocelebrated[]adj.著名的

oGothic[]adj.哥特式的

oarchitecture[]n.建筑,建筑学

Twobasicapproachesofspanningovermasonrywallsarepost-and-lintelconstructionandarch,vault,anddomeconstruction.

ospan[]v.（桥,拱等）横跨

opost-and-lintel[][][]n.抬梁式（在立柱上架梁，梁上又抬梁,在宫殿、庙宇、寺院等大型建筑中普遍采用），框架（结构）

oarch[]n.拱（连柱的）

ovault[]n.拱（不连柱的）

odome[]n.穹隆（结构）：

类似于穹隆或圆屋顶的结构

TheChicagoarchitectLouisSullivan’scareerconvergeswiththeso-calledChicagoSchoolofarchitects,whosechallengewastoinventtheskyscraperorhigh-risebuilding,facilitatedbytheintroductionoftheelectricelevatorandtheabundanceofsteel.Thebuilding’sskeletoncouldbeerectedquicklyandtheremainingcomponentshungonittocompleteit,animmenseadvantageforhigh-risebuildingsonbusycitystreets.

oarchitect[]n.建筑师

oconverge[]v.聚合于，集中于一点

oschool[]n.学派

oskyscraper[]n.摩天大楼

ofacilitate[]v.提供便利

oelectricelevator[][]n.电梯

oabundance[]n.充裕

oskeleton[]n.框架结构，整体框架

oerect[]v.树立，建立

ocomponent[]n.零件，构件

oimmense[]adj.极大的

Interiordesignofapartmentsandhouses,thatis,dwellings,usuallyinvolvesbothpracticalandaestheticdecisions.Choiceshavetobemadeforalmosteveryelements,ceilingsandlamps,curtainsandblinds,corridoranddoorway,nichesandledges,grateandventilations,terracesandstaircases,evensewersordrainers.Sometimessuchdesignsareextendedtothefaç

adeofthebuilding,andeventoafountain,oragardeningyard.

ointeriordesign[][]n.室内设计

odwelling[]n.住处，居住空间

oinvolve[]v.包括

oaesthetic[]adj.美学的

oceiling[]n.天花板

ocurtain[]n.窗帘

oblind[]n.窗帘（尤指固定在卷轴上能够拉下来的布质窗帘）

ocorridor[]n.走廊

odoorway[]n.门口

oniche[]n.壁橱

oledge[]n.壁架

ograte[]n.壁炉

oventilation[]n.通风设备

oterrace[]n.阳台

ostaircase[]n.楼梯

osewer[]n.排水沟

odrainer[]n.下水道装置,滤水器

ofaç

ade[]n.（建筑物的）外立面，尤指正面

ofountain[]n.喷泉

oyard[]n.庭院

Theleaseisacontractofrentunderwhichoneparty,calledlandlordorlessor,grantspossessionanduseofthepropertyforalimitedtermtotheotherparty,whoiscalledtenantorlessee.

olease[]n.租约

orent[]n.租金

olandlord[]n.房东

olessor[]n.出租人

ogrant[]v.授与（权利）;

让与（财产）

opossession[]n.占有，拥有

oproperty[]n.财产，所有物

otenant[]n.房客

olessee[]n.承租人

Abigcity,ormetropolis,isoftenaccompaniedbysuburbs.Suchcitiesareusuallyassociatedwithmetropolitanareasandurbansprawl,creatinglargeamountsofbusinesscommuters.Onceacitysprawlsfarenoughtoreachanothercity,thisregioncanbedeemedaconurbationormegalopolis.

ometropolis[]n.大城市

osuburb[]n.城郊（缩写:

sub）

obeassociatedwith[]v.与…相关

ometropolitan[]adj.大城市的

ourban[]adj.城市的

osprawl[]n.（城市的）无计划扩展

ocommuter[]n.通勤者（定期从一地到另一地旅行的人，如从郊区到城市并回来）

odeem[]v.视为

oconurbation[]n.（连带卫星城镇和市郊的）大都市

omegalopolis[]n.特大城市

Sanitationisthehygienicmeansofpreventinghumancontactfromthehazardsofwastes,eitherphysical,microbiological,biologicalorchemicalagentsofdisease,whichincludeshumanandanimalfeces,solidwastes,domesticwastewater（sewage,sullage,greywater）,etc.Hygienicmeansofpreventioncanbepracticedbyusingsimpletechnologies（e.g.latrines,septictanks）,orbypersonalhygienepractices.

osanitation[]n.公共卫生

ohygienic[]adj.卫生学的（hygiene[]卫生学）

omicrobiological[]adj.微生物学的

oagent[]n.媒介

ofeces[]n.粪便

odomestic[]adj.家庭的

osewage[]n.污水

osullage[]n.（房屋,街道等排出的）污物

ogreywater[]n.生活污水

olatrine[]n.公共厕所

oseptictank[][]n.化粪池

opersonalhygienepractice[][][]v.个人卫生习惯

Apublicutility（usuallyjustutility）isacompanythatmaintainsandprovidestheinfrastructureforapublicservice.Althoughutilitiescanbeprivatelyownedorpubliclyowned,theyofteninvolvenaturalmonopolies.

opublicutility[][]n.公用事业

oinfrastructure[]n.基础设施

oprivatelyowned[][]adj.私有

opubliclyowned[][]adj.公有

omonopoly[]n.垄断

Thefieldoftransporthasseveralaspects:

infrastructure,vehicles,andoperations.Infrastructureincludesthetransportnetworks（roads,railways,airways,waterways,canals,pipelines,etc.）thatareused,aswellasthenodesorterminals（suchasairports,railwaystations,busstationsandseaports）.Vehiclestravellingonthenetworkswillincludeautomobiles,bicycles,buses,trainsandaircraft.Theoperationsdealwiththewaythevehiclesareoperatedonthenetworkandtheproceduressetforthispurposeincludingthelegalenvironment（Laws,Codes,Regulations,etc.）Policies,suchashowtofinancethesystem（forexample,theuseoftollsorgasolinetaxes）maybeconsideredpartoftheoperations.

ooperation[]n.运营

ocanal[]n.运河

opipeline[]n.管道,输送管道

onode[]n.中转站

oterminal[]n.终点站

oseaport[]n.港口

ovehicle[]n.交通工具

olaw[]n.法律

ocode[]n.法规

oregulation[]n.规章制度

otoll[]n.通行费

ogasoline[]n.汽油

Railtransportistheconveyanceofpassengersandgoodsbymeansofwheeledvehiclesspeciallydesignedtorunalongrailwaysorrailroads.Typicalrailwaytracksconsistoftwoparallelrails,normallymadeofsteel,securedtocrossbeams,termedties.Thetiesmaintainaconstantdistancebetweenthetworails;

ameasurementknownasthe"

gauge"

ofthetrack.Tomaintainthealignmentofthetrackitiseitherlaidonabedofballastorelsesecuredtoasolidconcretefoundation.Railtransportisanenergy-efficientandcapital-intensivecomponentoflogistics;

incontrast,atraditionalwagoncancarrynomorethanseveraltonsoffreight.

orailtransport[][]n.铁路运输

oconveyance[]n.运送

obymeansof[][][]prep.通过…方式

oconsistof[][]v.由...组成

osecureto[][]v.固定在…

ocrossbeam[]n.横梁

otie[]n.枕木

ogauge[]n.轨距

oalignment[]n.直线排列

oballast[]n.道碴

oconcrete[]n.混凝土

oenergy-efficient[][]adj.能源节约的

ocapital-intensive[][]adj.资本密集型的

ologistics[]n.物流

owagon[]n.四轮马车

ofreight[]n.货物

Developmentsintechnologyhaveerodedsomeofthenaturalmonopolyaspectsoftraditionalpublicutilities.Forinstance,electricitygeneration,electricityretailing,telecommunicationandpostalserviceshavebecomecompetitiveinsomecountriesandthetrendtowardsliberalization,deregulationandprivatizationofpublicutilitiesisgrowing,butthenetworkinfrastructureusedtodistributemostutilityproductsandserviceshasremainedlargelymonopolistic.

oerode[]v.侵蚀

oretailing[]n.零售

opostalservice[][]n.邮电业

ocompetitive[]adj.竞争的

otrend[]n.趋势

oliberalization[]n.自由化

oderegulation[]n.撤销（价格,费用方面的）管制规定

oprivatization[]n.私有化

odistribute[]v.分配

omonopolistic[]adj.垄断的

Anaspiringmasterwouldhavetopassthroughthecareerchainfromapprenticetojourneymanbeforehecouldbeelectedtobecomeamastercraftsman.Hewouldthenhavetoproduceasumofmoneyandamasterpiecebeforehecouldactuallyjointheguild.

oaspiring[]adj.有志向的

omaster[]n.大师

opassthrough[][]v.经过

oapprentice[]n.学徒

ojourneyman[]n.学徒期满的职工

omasterpiece[]n.杰作

oactually[]adv.实际上

oguild[]n.（中世纪的）行会

Acraftspersonwhoperhapshasatfirstsoldcraftitemsonlytofriendsoratlocalbazaarsmayfindthatincreaseddemandleadstoawiderclienteleandsalesbymailorder,atcraftsfairs,orthroughashop.

ocraft[]adj.手工制作的

obazaar[]n.集市

oclientele[]n.顾客

ofair[]n.市集

Thereisafinelineofdistinctionbetweencraftsproducedbyamateurhobbyistsfortheirpersonalsatisfactionandthosemadebygiftedartisanswithaviewtowardtheuseandenjoymentofothers.

ofine[]adj.（区别）微小的；

细微的

odistinction[]n.区别

oamateurhobbyist[][]n.业余爱好者

oartisan[]n.