大学英语练习题Word下载.docx

大学英语练习题Word下载.docx

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大学英语练习题大学英语练习题PartOneReadingComprehensionPassageoneThroughaseriesofexperimentsanAmericanscientisthasobtainedanunderstandingofthesocialstructureofthemostcomplexofantsocieties.Theantsexaminedaretheonlycreaturesotherthanmantohavegivenuphuntingandcollectingforacompletelyagriculturalwayoflife.Intheirundergroundneststheycultivategardensonsoilmadefromfinelychoppedleaves.Thisisacomplexoperationrequiringconsiderabledivisionoflabor.Theantscanbedividedintofourgroupsaccordingtosize.Eachofthegroupsperformsaparticularsetofjobs.Thesmallestworkersaretaskedtotakecareofthegardensandnursetheyoungants.Slightlylargerworkersareresponsibleforchoppingupleavestomakethemsuitableforuseinthegardenandforcleaningthenest.Athirdgroupofstilllargerantsdotheconstructionworkandcollectfreshleavesfromoutsidethenest.Thelargestarethesoldierants,responsiblefordefendingthenest.Tofindouthowgoodthevarioussize-groupsareatdifferenttasks,thescientistmeasuredtheamountofworkdonebytheantsagainsttheamountofenergytheyused.Heexaminedfirstthegatheringandcarryingofleaves.Heselectedoneofthesize-groups,andthenmeasuredhowefficientlytheseantscouldfindleavesandrunbacktothenest.Thenherepeatedtheexperimentforeachoftheothersize-groups.Inthiswayhecouldseewhetheranygroupcoulddothejobmoreefficientlythanthegroupnormallyundertakingit.Theintermediate-sizedantsthatnormallyperformthistaskprovedtobethemostefficientfortheirenergycosts,butwhenthescientistexaminedthewholesetofjobsperformedbyeachgroupofantsitappearedthatsomesizesofworkerantwerenotideallysuitedtotheparticularjobstheyperformed.1.Antsaredifferentfromothernon-humansocietiesinthewaythat_.A.theydonotneedtosearchforfoodB.theyneverbothertolookforshelterC.theyvaryinsocialstatusD.theyperformdifferentfunctions2.Itseemsthatsmallerantsperformmoreofthe_.A.constructiontasksB.defensiveworkC.domestictasksD.heavywork3.“good”（Line1,Para.3）referstoants_.A.cooperationatworkB.senseofresponsibilityC.efficiencyatworkD.willingnesstoworkhard4.Thescientistsworkwasbasedonhis_.A.occasionalobservationsB.systematicobservationsC.observationsofundergroundantsD.observationsofsomeundisturbednests5.Theorganizationoftheantsistaskedto_.A.getthemostworkdoneB.dividetheworkupsystematicallyC.geteveryantinvolvedD.makesureeachantdoeswhatitcandobestPassagetwoBeforethemid-nineteenthcentury,peopleintheUnitedStatesatemostfoodsonlyinseason.Drying,smoking,andsaltingcouldpreservemeatofashorttime,buttheavailabilityoffreshmeat,likethatoffreshmilk,wasverylimited;@#@therewasnowaytopreventspoilage.Butin1810aFrenchinventornamedNicolasAppertdevelopedthecooking-and-sealingprocessofcanning.Andin1850s,anAmericannamedGailBordendevelopedameansofcondensingandpreservingmilk.Cannedgoodsandcondensedmilkbecamemorecommonduringthe1860s,butsuppliesremainedlowbecausecanshadtobemadebyhand.By1880,however,inventorshadfashionedmachinesthatmass-producedcansfromtinplate.Suddenlyallkindsoffoodcouldbepreservedandboughtatalltimesoftheyear.OthertrendsandinventionshadalsohelpedmakeitpossibleforAmericanstovarytheirdailydiets.Growingurbanpopulationscreateddemandthatencouragedfruitandvegetablefarmerstoraisemoreproduce.Railroadrefrigeratorcarsenabledgrowersandmeatpackerstoshipperishablesgreatdistancesandtopreservethemforlongerperiods.Thus,bythe1890s,northerncitydwellerscouldenjoysouthernandwesternstrawberries,grapes,andtomatoes,previouslyavailableforamonthatmost,foruptosixmonthsoftheyear.Inaddition,aneasymeansofproducingicecommerciallyhadbeeninventedinthe1870s,andby1900thenationhadmorethantwothousandcommercialiceplants,mostofwhichmadehomedeliveries.Theiceboxbecameafixtureinmosthomesandremainedsountilthemechanizedrefrigeratorreplaceditinthe1920sand1930s.Almosteveryonenowhadamorediversifieddiet.Somepeoplecontinuedtoeatmainlyfoodsthatwereheavyinstarchesorcarbohydrates,andnoteveryonecouldaffordmeat.Nevertheless,manyfamiliescouldtakeadvantageofpreviouslyunavailablefruits,vegetables,anddairyproductstoachievemorevariedfare.6.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

@#@AThediscoveryofcausesoffoodspoilageB.TheproductionofcannedfoodC.InventionsthatledtochangesintheAmericandiet.D.ChangesintheAmericanwayoflife.7.Duringthe1860scannedfoodproductswere_.A.unavailableinruralareasB.shippedinrefrigeratorcarsC.availableinlimitedquantitiesD.astaplepartoftheAmericandiet8.Itcanbeinferredthatrailroadrefrigeratorcarscameintouse_.A.before1860B.before1890C.after1900D.after19209.Theword“fixture”（Line9,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto_.A.aluxuryitemB.adailynecessityC.acommonplaceobjectD.amechanicaldevice10.WhichofthefollowingtypesoffoodpreservationwasNOTmentionedinthepassage?

@#@A.DryingB.CanningC.ColdstorageD.ChemicaladditivesPassageThreeBeforehediedin1966,WalterDisneywantedhisorganizationtocombineitscreativeimaginationwiththetechnicalknow-howofAmericanindustry.HeaskedthepeoplewhoworkedforhimtoexperimentwithsuchaconceptinordertodevelopatotallydifferenttypeofDisneyentertainmentcenter.Theresult,openedtothepublicsixteenyearsafterDisneydied,islocatedonan120-hectaresitenearOrlandoandiscalledEpcotCenter（ExperimentPrototypeCommunityofTomorrow）.TheCenterisdividedintotwoquitedifferentparts:

@#@FutureWorld,whichexhibitsthepotentialforscience,industryandtechnologyintomorrowworld,andWorldShowcase,whichinvitesvisitorstogettoknowthearchitectureandculturesofninedifferentcountries.InresponsetoDisneyswish,theorganizationaskedlargecorporationstoparticipateincreatingthesixpavilionsofFutureWorld,symbolizingdifferentaspectsofmansprogress.ThefirstoftheseisSpaceshipEarth,housedinahuge55-meterhighexosphere,whichfollowsthedevelopmentofcommunicationfromprehistoricmantothecomputerage.Thesphere,whichisuniqueasanarchitecturalstructure,isalsothesymboloftheEpcotCenter.Otherpavilionsdealwithtransport,energy,futuristicagricultureandcomputers,whilethelastcalledJourneyintoImaginationallowsvisitorstodemonstrateandenjoytheresultsoftheirowncreativity.Bycontrast,WorldShowcaserepresentsaworldweallknowabout,butmayneverhavethechancetoexperiencefirsthand.WorldShowcaseenablesustovisitsymbolicrepresentationsofninecountriesinasinglemorningorafternoon.Thecenterpiece,calledAmericanAdventure,usesextraordinaryandexcitingmulti-mediatechniquestorecounthighlightsofUnitedStateshistory.OtherexhibitsshowcasevariousaspectsofCanada,fourEuropeancountries（theUnitedKingdom,France,ItalyandGermany）,twoAsianones（JapanandChina）andasinglerepresentativeofLatinAmerica:

@#@Mexico.ItmayrightlybesaidthatDisneyinvitedvisitorstoseethatthewondersoftechnologyhadmadetheworldasmallerplace,butatthesametimeenlargedmankindshorizons.11.EpcotCenterwasopenedtothepublicin_.A.1982B.1966C.1967D.197212.SpaceshipEarth_.A.isasymbolofmansprogressB.isanameforaspaceshipC.isoneofthesixpavilionsinEpcotD.isoneofthesixpavilionsinFutureWorld13.Thethirdparagraph_.A.describestheparticipationofcorporationsinFutureWorldB.offersadetailedaccountofFutureWorldC.describesthesymboloftheEpcotCenterD.illustratesthefeaturesofSpaceshipEarth14.Theauthorsmainpurposeofwritingthispassageisto_.A.describeandexemplifytheorganizationofEpcotCenterB.identifyWaltDisneysContributiontotheAmericanentertainmentindustryC.summarizetheentertainmentoptionsintheUnitedStatesD.describesomeofthetechnologicaladvancesexhibitedatEpcotCenter15.Thetitleforthispassagecanbe_.A.DisneysLastDream:

@#@TomorrowsWorldB.Epcot:

@#@TodaysWorldTomorrowsPossibilitiesC.FormsofEntertainmentintheUnitedStatesD.TheGeosphere:

@#@AUniqueStyleofResidentialArchitecturePassageFourThemostinterestingarchitecturalphenomenonofthe1970swastheenthusiasmforrefurnishingolderbuildings.Obviously,thiswasnotanentirelynewphenomenon.Whatisnewisthewholesaleinterestinreusingthepast,inrecycling,inadaptiverehabilitation.Afewtrialefforts,suchasGhirardelliSquareinSanFrancisco,provedtheirfinancialviabilityinthe1960s,butitwasinthe1970s,withstronggovernmentsupportthroughtaxincentivesandrapiddepreciation,aswellasgrowinginterestinecologyissues,thatrecyclingbecameamajorfactorontheurbanscene.OneofthemostcomprehensiveventureswastherestorationandtransformationofBostonseighteenthcenturyFaneuilHallandtheQuincyMarket,designedin1824.Thissectionhadfallenonhardtimes,butbeginningwiththeconstructionofanewcityhallnearby,ithasreturnedtolifewiththeintelligentreuseofthesefineoldbuildingsunderthedesignleadershipofBenjaminThompson.Hehasprovidedamarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking.ButlerSquare,inMinneapolis,exemplifiesmajorchangesinitscomplexofoffices,commercialspace,andpublicfacilitiescarvedoutofamassivepiledesignedin1906asahardwarewarehouse.Theexcitinginteriortimberstructureofthebuildingwashighlightedbycuttinglightcourtsthroughtheinteriorandaddinglargeskylights.SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiesco