专八英国文学重点Word文档格式.docx

专八英国文学重点Word文档格式.docx

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firsttimetouse'

heroiccouplet'

TheRenaissancePeriod:

14th–mid17thstartedinItaly

Aseriesofhistoricalevents:

1.rediscoveryofancientRoman&

Greekculture

2.newdiscoveriesingeography&

astrology（占星学）

3.thereligiousreformation&

economicexpansion

TheRenaissance-rebirthorrevival

Humanism-theessenceoftheRenaissance,thedignityofhumanbeing&

theimportanceofthepresentlife

Bestrepresentatives:

ThomasMore,ChristopherMarlowe,WilliamShakespeare

TheElizabethandrama:

therealmainstreamofEnglishRenaissance

Mostfamousdramatists:

ChristopherMarlowe,WilliamShakespeare,BenJonson

16C初期:

1.ThomasMoreUtopia

首次提出：

Liberty,FraternityandEquality.

16C末：

2.FrancisBaconEssays：

thefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterature

OfStudy

philosopher,scientist,essayist,laythefoundationformodernscience

16C上：

3.ThomasWyatt首次引入sonnet

16C下：

4.EdmundSpenser---thepoets'

poet

5quality:

1）aperfectmelody2）araresenseofbeauty3）asplendidimagination

4）alofty（高尚的）moralpurityandseriousness5）adedicatedidealism

TheShepherde’sCalender:

lament（哀悼）overthelossofRosalind

TheFaerieQueene:

thegreatestepicofthetime

主角：

Arthur-whopossess12virtues

Gloriana–theFairyQueen

Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman,”butsomethingmoreromantic–“Fiercewarresandfaithfullloves”

Drama:

5.ChristopherMarlowe–---“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama

Marlowe’sachievement:

1）blankverse无韵诗歌

ItisMarlowewhobroughtvitality（活力）andgrandeur（伟大）intotheblankversewithhis“mightylines,”whichcarrystrongemotions.

2）hiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.（notstrongindramaticconstruction.）

→thepioneerofEnglishdrama

3tragedies:

Dr.Faustusthehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness

Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝aplayaboutanambitiousandpitilessoverpoweringking.

TheJewofMalta马尔他的犹太人

non-drama“ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove”

---thisshortpoemisconsideredtobeoneofthemostbeautifullyrics（抒情诗）inEnglishliterature.Theshepherd（牧羊人）enjoyanidealcountrylife,cherishing（珍爱）apastoral（田园的）andpureaffectionforhislove.Strongemotionisconveyedthroughthebeautyofnature.

6.WilliamShakespeare-----playwright&

poet（aboveallwritersinthepastandinthepresenttime）

作品：

1.HenryⅥ,RichardⅢ…

2.RichardⅡ,HenryⅣ,HenryⅤ,KingJohn…

Comedies:

AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,TwelfthNight…

Tragedy:

RomeoandJuliet:

romantictragedy.Topraisethefaithfulnessofloveandthespiritofpursuinghappiness.

3.Fourtragedies-Hamlet,Othello,KingLearMacbeth

4.tragicomedies：

TheTempest

Achievement:

A.exploringthecharacter’sinnermind.

soliloquy（独白）ormonologue-fullyrevealtheinnerconflictofthecharacters

contrasts–bringvividnesstothecharacters

B.adroit（精巧的）plotconstruction

C.Ironyisagoodmeansofdramaticpresentation.Disguiseisanimportantdevicetocreatedramaticirony.

D.thelanguage.

READING：

1.Sonnet18（14line）

Sonnet18eternalorimmortal（不朽的）beauty,haveafaithinthepermanenceofpoetry.

Anicesummer’sdayisusuallytransient（短暂的）,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.

16C—17C过渡

7.JohnDonnefounderoftheMetaphysicalSchool

〝Metaphysicalpoetry〞（玄学诗）-breakawayfromlovepoetry,thediction（用语）issimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.

A）conceitsB）syllogism（三段论）

Poetry早期:

TheSongsandSonnetsamongwhich“TheSunRising”and“TheFlea”arethetwomostfamouspoems.

晚期:

HolySonnetsAHymntoGodtheFather：

religiouspoem

Prose:

hissermons,whicharebothrichandimaginative

READING:

1.TheSunRising2.Death,BeNotProud（asonnet,14lines）

8:

BenJonsonCavalierPoets领袖

他们的诗歌追循古典主义原则，推崇理性和谐和规律，讲究古典精炼的形式和严格的韵脚，对其后兴起的新古典主义（Neo-Classism）诗歌，尤其是德莱顿（JohnDryden）和蒲伯（AlexanderPope）的作品，产生了重大影响。

9.JohnMilton

1）theearlypoeticworks2）themiddleprose（散文）3）thelastgreatpoems

Elegy（挽歌）---lycidas利西达斯（hisearlywork）

Epic（史诗）---ParadiseLostParadiseRegained

Dramaticpoem（诗剧）-SamsonAgonistes力士参孙

themostperfectexampleoftheversedramaaftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.

excerptfromParadiseLost

ParadiseLosttheonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.Theconflictisbetweenhumanloveandspiritualduty.ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofMilton’screed（纲领）.

TakefromtheOldTestament,thethemeisthe“FallofMan”:

SatanrebelagainstGodandaredrivenfromHeaven.Hedeterminedtorevengebyseduce（引诱）AdamandEvetoeatthefruitfromtheTreeofKnowledgeagainstGod’sinstructions.So,AdamandEveareexiledbyGodfromtheparadise.

10.JohnBunyanThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》

areligiousallegory（寓言）,itspurposeistourgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrinesandseeksalvation（拯救）throughconstantstruggleswiththeirownweaknessesandallkindsofsocialevils.Itspredominantmetaphor–lifeasajourney

TheNeoclassicalPeriod:

1660-1798，endwiththepublicationofLyricalballadsbyWordsworthandColeridge

1.arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion（抑制情感）&

accuracy

2.theAgeofEnlightenment/Reason–themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason（rationality）,equality&

science（the18thcentury）

3.modernEnglishnovel---newlyrisingliteraryform现实主义小说诞生（themid-century）

Gothicnovel（哥特式小说）-mystery,horror&

castles（frommiddleparttotheendofcentury）

1.AlexanderPopeAnEssayonCriticism（论批评）

oneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland,forhimthesupremevaluewasorder.

excerptfromAnEssayonCriticism（论批评）

AnEssayonCriticismapoemwritteninheroiccouplets（对句）,criticizethepresentpoemlackoftruetaste&

callonpeopletoturntotheoldGreekandRomanwritersforguidance,truewitwhichisbestsetinaplain（simple&

clear）style.

2.DanielDefoe----RobinsonCrusoe:

praisethehumanlaborandthePuritanfortitude（清教徒坚韧）.

thefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular（方言）.

3.JonathanSwift-----Gulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》

Inhisopinion,humannatureisseriouslyandpermanentlyflawed（缺点）

1）amastersatirist.AModestProposal

2）oneofthegreatestofEnglishprose,hedefinedagoodstyleas“Properwordsinproperplaces”

excerptfromGulliver'

sTravels

Gulliver'

sTravels：

fictionalwork,

fourparts–Lilliput,Brobdingnag,FlyingIsland&

Houyhnhnm

（小人国）（大人国）（飞岛）（有人类理性的马）

→thebookisoneofthemosteffectiveanddevastatingcriticismsandsatiresofallaspectsinthethenEnglishandEuropeanlife.

4.HenryFielding------FatherofEnglishnovel,作品：

TomJones

hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”（散文体史诗）,

thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.

Headopted“thethird-personnarration”.

5.SamuelJohnson----ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage英语大词典

theauthorofthefirstEnglishdictionarybyanEnglishman,

thelastneoclassicistenlightener.

6.RichardBrinsleySheridan----TheSchoolforScandal&

TheRivals

theonlyimportantEnglishdramatistofthe18thcentury

TheRivalsandTheSchoolforScandalareregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpiecesofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw.

7.ThomasGray-----ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard

theleaderofthesentimental（悲情的）poetryoftheday,especially“TheGraveyardSchool”

ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard

reflectsondeath,thesorrowsoflife,andthemysteriesofhumanlifewithatouchofhispersonalmelancholy.Hesympathizedforthepoorandtheunknown,butmocksthegreatoneswhodespisethepoorandbringhavoc（破坏）onthem.

8.RobertBurns-----ARed,RedRoseMyHeart’sintheHighland

TheRomanticPeriod

△Romantic-emotionoverreason,spontaneous（自发）emotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace

△Theromanticemphasizedthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual’smind.

△Theromanticperiod

beganwith：

in1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge'

sLyricalBallads

end：

in1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath

△twomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten（realistic）andWalterScott（romantic）.

1.WilliamBlake-poet&

engraver（雕刻家）

SongsofInnocence-----ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren'

seye

SongsofExperience----aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwitha

melancholy（忧郁的）tonefrommeneyes.Childhood,paradoxes,apairingofopposites

MarriageofHeavenandHell----markshisentryintomaturity.

ThebookofUrizen先知书------prophetic（预言的）bookinhislaterperiod

Hepresentshisviewinvisua