专八英国文学重点Word文档格式.docx

1、 first time to use heroic coupletThe Renaissance Period : 14th mid 17th started in ItalyA series of historical events:1. rediscovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture2. new discoveries in geography & astrology（占星学）3. the religious reformation & economic expansionThe Renaissance - rebirth or revival H

2、umanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present life Best representatives: Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, William ShakespeareThe Elizabethan drama: the real mainstream of English RenaissanceMost famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe, William S

3、hakespeare, Ben Jonson16C初期:1. Thomas More Utopia首次提出：Liberty, Fraternity and Equality.16C末：2. Francis Bacon Essays：the first example of that genre in English literature Of Studyphilosopher, scientist, essayist, lay the foundation for modern science16C上：3. Thomas Wyatt 首次引入sonnet16C下：4. Edmund Spens

4、er - the poets poet 5 quality: 1） a perfect melody 2）a rare sense of beauty 3）a splendid imagination4）a lofty（高尚的） moral purity and seriousness 5）a dedicated idealismThe Shepherdes Calender: lament（哀悼） over the loss of RosalindThe Faerie Queene: the greatest epic of the time主角：Arthur - who possess 1

5、2 virtues Gloriana the Fairy QueenThe theme is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic “Fierce warres and faithfull loves”Drama:5. Christopher Marlowe - “University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama Marlowes achievement: 1） blank verse无韵诗歌It is Marlowe who brought vitality（活力） and gran

6、deur（伟大） into the blank verse with his “mighty lines,” which carry strong emotions.2） his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.（not strong in dramatic construction.） the pioneer of English drama3 tragedies: Dr. Faustus the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness Tamburlaine帖木耳

7、大帝 a play about an ambitious and pitiless overpowering king.The Jew of Malta马尔他的犹太人non-drama “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”-this short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics（抒情诗） in English literature.The shepherd（牧羊人） enjoy an ideal country life, cherishing（珍爱） a pastoral（

8、田园的） and pure affection for his love. Strong emotion is conveyed through the beauty of nature.6. William Shakespeare - playwright & poet （above all writers in the past and in the present time）作品：1. Henry , Richard 2. Richard , Henry , Henry , King JohnComedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Merchant

9、 of Venice, Twelfth NightTragedy: Romeo and Juliet: romantic tragedy. To praise the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.3. Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear Macbeth4. tragicomedies：The TempestAchievement:A. exploring the characters inner mind. soliloquy（独白） or monolog

10、ue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters contrasts bring vividness to the charactersB. adroit（精巧的） plot constructionC. Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation. Disguise is an important device to create dramatic irony.D. the language.READING： 1. Sonnet 18 （14 line）Sonnet 18 etern

11、al or immortal（不朽的） beauty, have a faith in the permanence of poetry.A nice summers day is usually transient（短暂的）, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever.16C17C过渡7. John Donne founder of the Metaphysical SchoolMetaphysical poetry（玄学诗）- break away from love poetry, the diction（用语） is simple, the

12、imagery is from the actual, the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with God, or with himself. A）conceits B）syllogism （三段论） Poetry 早期:The Songs and Sonnets among which “The Sun Rising” and “The Flea” are the two most famous poems.晚期:Holy Sonnets A Hymn to God the Father： religious

13、 poemProse: his sermons, which are both rich and imaginativeREADING: 1. The Sun Rising 2. Death, Be Not Proud （ a sonnet,14 lines）8: Ben Jonson Cavalier Poets领袖 他们的诗歌追循古典主义原则，推崇理性和谐和规律，讲究古典精炼的形式和严格的韵脚，对其后兴起的新古典主义（Neo-Classism）诗歌，尤其是德莱顿（John Dryden）和蒲伯（Alexander Pope）的作品，产生了重大影响。9. John Milton 1）the

14、early poetic works 2） the middle prose（散文） 3）the last great poemsElegy （挽歌） -lycidas 利西达斯 （his early work）Epic（史诗） - Paradise Lost Paradise RegainedDramatic poem（诗剧） - Samson Agonistes 力士参孙 the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English. excerpt from Paradise LostParadi

15、se Lost the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Miltons creed（纲领）.Take from the Old Testament, the theme is the “Fall of Man”: Satan rebel against God and are driven fr

16、om Heaven. He determined to revenge by seduce（引诱） Adam and Eve to eat the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge against Gods instructions. So, Adam and Eve are exiled by God from the paradise.10. John Bunyan The Pilgrims Progress 天路历程a religious allegory（寓言）, its purpose is to urge people to abide by Chr

17、istian doctrines and seek salvation（拯救） through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. Its predominant metaphor life as a journeyThe Neoclassical Period : 1660-1798， end with the publication of Lyrical ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge1. a revival of interest i

18、n the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion（抑制情感） & accuracy 2. the Age of Enlightenment/Reason the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason （rationality）, equality & science （the 18th century）3. modern E

19、nglish novel -newly rising literary form现实主义小说诞生（the mid-century）Gothic novel（哥特式小说） - mystery, horror & castles （from middle part to the end of century）1. Alexander Pope An Essay on Criticism（论批评） one of the first to introduce rationalism to England, for him the supreme value was order. excerpt fro

20、m An Essay on Criticism（论批评）An Essay on Criticism a poem written in heroic couplets（对句）, criticize the present poem lack of true taste & call on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance, true wit which is best set in a plain （simple & clear） style. 2. Daniel Defoe - Robinson Cr

21、usoe: praise the human labor and the Puritan fortitude （清教徒坚韧）. the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular（方言）.3. Jonathan Swift - Gullivers Travels 格列佛游记In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed （缺点） 1）a ma

22、ster satirist. A Modest Proposal 2） one of the greatest of English prose, he defined a good style as “Proper words in proper places” excerpt from Gullivers TravelsGullivers Travels： fictional work, four parts Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island & Houyhnhnm（小人国） （大人国） （飞岛） （有人类理性的马） the book is one

23、of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life.4. Henry Fielding - Father of English novel, 作品：Tom Joneshe was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose” （散文体史诗）, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. He adopted

24、 “the third-person narration”.5. Samuel Johnson - A Dictionary of the English Language 英语大词典the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman, the last neoclassicist enlightener. 6. Richard Brinsley Sheridan - The School for Scandal & The Rivals the only important English dramatist of the

25、18th centuryThe Rivals and The School for Scandal are regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw. 7. Thomas Gray- Elegy Written in a Country Churchyardthe leader of the sentimental（悲情的） poetry of the day ,especially “The Graveyard School” Elegy Writ

26、ten in a Country Churchyard reflects on death, the sorrows of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. He sympathized for the poor and the unknown, but mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc（破坏） on them.8. Robert Burns -A Red, Red Rose My Hear

27、ts in the HighlandThe Romantic Period Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous （自发）emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace The romantic emphasized the special quali

28、ties of each individuals mind. The romantic period began with：in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges Lyrical Balladsend： in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen （realistic） and Walter Scott （romantic）.1. William Blake - poet & eng

29、raver（雕刻家） Songs of Innocence- a happy and innocent world from childrens eye Songs of Experience- a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy （忧郁的）tone from men eyes. Childhood, paradoxes, a pairing of opposites Marriage of Heaven and Hell-marks his entry into maturity.The book of Urizen先知书-prophetic（预言的） book in his later periodHe presents his view in visua