写作教程总结.docx

写作教程总结.docx

《写作教程总结.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《写作教程总结.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

写作教程总结

Unit1theCorrectWord

Focus

DenotationandConnotation

1.Denotationreferstotheliteralandprimarymeaningofaword-thedefinitionyoufindinadictionary.

2.Connotationreferstotheimpliedorsuggestedmeaningofaword.

Wecanlistsomewordstocompareitsdifferentmeaningofdenotationandconnotation.

Word

Denotation

Connotation

Sentence（connotation）

gold

Akindofmaterialsource

Expensive,moneywealth

Goldnowisveryexpensive.

moon

Thenaturalbodythatmovesaroundtheearthonce28days.

Beautylonely,coldness,purity,tranquility

Manyyearspastshestillkeepacharitylikethemoon.

ice

Waterfrozensothatithasbecomesolid.

Coldness,indifferencecruelty,death,etc

Theiceinhisvoicewasonlytohidethepain.

blood

Redliquidflowingthroughthebodiesofhumanoranimal

Relationship,death,descent,race,temperament

Bloodisthickthanwater.

winter

Aseason

Coldness,tired,upset

Pleasewalkoutyouwinteroflife,justsmiletoyourlife.

Attitude:

whenwewriteinEnglish,wehavetobecarefulwithsomeemotionallyloadedwords-i.e.wordsthatcanrevealthewriter’sattitude.

Wecandividethewordsattitudeintothreeparts:

1commendatory\positive2neutral3derogatory\pejorative

Commendatory

Neutral

Pejorative

quaint

strange

bizarre

persist

stubborn

pigheaded

compliment

praise

flattering

Seniorcitizen

Oldperson

fossil

Bachelorgirl

Singlegirl

spinster

Collocation:

fixedcombinationofwords

Thereareseveraltypesofcollocation:

1.V+N（followthefashion）2.A+N（abrilliantsuccess）3.V+AD（thinkalike）4.PREP+N（theanswertoaquestion）5.V+PREP（thinkofanidea）

FalseFriends

Advise（v）vs.advice（n）angel（天使）vs.angle（角度）capital（首都，资金）vs.capitol（国会大厦）

Complement（补充）vs.compliment（称赞）credible（可信的，确实的）vs.credulous（轻信的，易受骗的）getknowledge（t）vs.learnknowledge（f）

Grammar

Subject-Verbagreement

1whenthesubjectiscompound

Workandplayareequallyimportant.

Hamandeggsismyfavoritebreakfast.

（1）由and或both…and连接的并列结构作主语时，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；如果作主语的并列结构不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单数，则动词用单数；and与each等限定词时，随后动词用单数。

（2）由neither…nornotonly…butalso连接的并列结构作主语，随后动词形式常遵循就近原则。

（3）主语后用alongwith,togetherwith引导等词组，动词形式根据主语形式而定。

2Whenthesubjectexpressesquantity

（1）有manya等限定词，其后动词形式为单数

（2）apair,heapof后动词多接单数形式

3whenthesubjectisarelativepronoun,awhat-clause,orinthethere-bestructure

（1）以nominalclause作主语，随后动词通常用单数

（2）relativeclause中谓语动词单复数形式通常以关系代词先行项的形式而定

（3）therebe谓语动词单复数形式取决于所后的

Unit2TheAppropriateWord

Focus

Style:

inEnglish,wordscanbe,roughly,formal,general,colloquial,andslangintermsofstyle.

Formalandgeneral

Formalwordsarenotascommonasgeneralwords,whichformthebasisofthevocabularyandareusedforeverydaycommunication.

formal

general

fracture

break

lucid

clear

terminate

end

corpulent

fat

facilitate

Makeeasy

verify

prove

concur

agree

Notice:

acommonbeliefamongstudentsisthatformalityisavirtue,butthebestpolicyistousegeneralwordsinmostcasesandformalwordsinspecific,formalcontexts.

Colloquialandslang

Well,now,youknow,I’dliketosay,oh,maygod,Ithink….whichcanbeusedincolloquial,andcontractionandabbreviationalsocanbeused.Butinsomeformalconstitutionwe’dbetternotuseit.

Notice:

thecolloquialstyletakesalessprominentrole,therefore,formostwritingtasks,itmaynotbeideal.Toomuchslangcanmakeapassagelooseandunserious;somemayevensoundodd.

Styleandaudience

Theformalstyleischaracterizedbyextensivevocabulary,frequentuseofformalandabstractwords,absenceofslangandalmostnocontractionorclippedwords.

Theinformalstyleischaracterizedbyvocabulariesrangingfromformaltocolloquialbutmostlygeneral,andoccasionalandclippedwords.

Differentstyleareusedtoaddressdifferentaudiencesandondifferentoccasions.

Chinglish:

itreferstotheunidiomaticuseofEnglishbyChinesespeaker

Avoidliteraltranslation

chinglish

diomatic

Bigfilm

blockbuster

Earlylove

Puppylove

Convenientnoodles

Instantnoodles

Fistproduct

Knockoutproduct

Onesexgoods

Disposablegoods

Grasptheconnotation

请帮我们（宣传）一下这个新产品。

Pleasehelpustopropagatethisnewproduct.

Propagateshouldbereplacedbypromote

他遇事总是先想着自己，真是太个人主义了

Heisself-concernedandindividualistic。

Individualisticshouldbereplacedbyselfishness

Grammar

Pronouns

1Subjectivevs.objective

Subjective:

Isheyouheitwhowhomthey

Objective:

meheryouhiswhomwhosethemits

2Singularvs.plural

3Pointofviewisusedtodescribetheperspectiveinwriting.

Unit3theBetterWord

Focus

Conciseness（Brevityisthesoulofwit.）

Tip:

1eliminateorexpressionrewritethatrepeatthesamepoint

2cutoutunnecessaryintensifiers

3avoidoverusingthenounformsofverbs

4changephraseintosingle