甘肃省兰州市第一中学学年高一月考英语试题解析版.docx
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甘肃省兰州市第一中学学年高一月考英语试题解析版
兰州一中2018-2019-2学期高一年级5月月考
英语试题
第I卷
第一部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
MotherTeresa(August26,1910-September5,1997)wasagreatwoman,whodidalottoimprovethesocialconditionofmankind.Duetohercontributioninservingthesociety,shewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizeaged69.
ShewasbroughtupinaCatholicfamily.Whenshewasonlyseven,shelostherfather.Evenasayoungchild,shewasinterestedinthelifeofmissionaries(传教士).Attheageof18,shedecidedthatshewouldbecomeanun.SheleftherhomeandwenttojointheSistersofLoreto.Itwasthefirststepthatshemadetowardsprovidingservicesformankind.
Onthe7thofOctoberintheyear1950,MotherTeresareceivedVaticanpermissiontostarttheMissionariesofCharityinCalcutta,themissionofwhichwouldbetotakecareoftheneedy,thehomeless,andpeoplewhowereshunnedbythesociety.Thenithadanumberofbranchesalloverthecountry.ThejourneyofMotherTeresa’sMissionariesofCharitystartedwiththesettingupofhomesfor"theDying".
Intheyear1983,MotherTeresasufferedfromaseriousheartattack,whileshewasinRome.However,sherecovered.But,laterin1989,sheagaingotanattack.Herhealthwentworseandintheyear1991,shesufferedfrompneumonia.Takingherhealthproblemsintoconsideration,MotherTeresadecidedtoresign(辞职)fromthepostofheadoftheorder.
AsecretvotewasconductedinwhichallthenunsvotedforthestayofMotherTeresaexceptherself.So,sheagreedtocontinueservingasheadoftheMissionariesofCharity.Daybydayherhealthwasgettingworse.OnSeptember5,1997,exactlyninedaysafterher87thbirthday,thisgreatsouldepartedforheaven.
1.WhydidMotherTeresadevoteherlifetothereligiouslife?
A.Becauseherparentshadadeepinfluenceonher.
B.Becauseshewantedtoprovideservicesforothers.
C.Becauseshethoughtthelifeofmissionariessimple.
D.BecauseshecametoknowtheSistersofLoreto.
2.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedword"shunned"?
A.Cared.B.Concerned.
C.Ignored.D.Affected.
3.WhydidMotherTeresadecidetoresignfromherpost?
A.Sherealizedshecouldn’tfullyservethepeopleinneed.
B.Shewasonlyworriedaboutherhealthcondition.
C.Shewishedtoleadamorecomfortablelife.
D.Sheknewaheartattackwouldtakeherlifeawayatanytime.
【答案】1.B2.C3.A
【解析】
本文是一篇人物传记。
文章介绍MotherTeresa。
MotherTeresa(1910年8月26日-1997年9月5日)是一位伟大的女性,她为改善人类社会状况做出了巨大的贡献。
由于她对社会的贡献,69岁的她获得了诺贝尔和平奖。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第二段最后一句Itwasthefirststepthatshemadetowardsprovidingservicesformankind.“这是她为人类提供服务的第一步。
”由此可知,MotherTeresa之所以献身于宗教生活是因为她想为别人提供服务。
故选B。
【2题详解】
词义猜测题。
根据第三段中themissionofwhichwouldbetotakecareoftheneedy,thehomeless,“它的使命是照顾穷人,无家可归的人,”再根据theneedy,thehomeless,andpeoplewhowereshunnedbythesociety.是并列关系,所以应该是“被社会忽视的人”,故划线部分的意思是“忽视”。
故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第四段中Herhealthwentworseandintheyear1991,shesufferedfrompneumonia.Takingherhealthproblemsintoconsideration,MotherTeresadecidedtoresign(辞职)fromthepostofheadoftheorder.“她的健康每况愈下,1991年,她患了肺炎。
考虑到她的健康问题,特蕾莎修女决定辞去教团团长的职务。
”可知,MotherTeresa决定辞职是因为她意识到她不能完全为需要帮助的人服务。
故选A。
B
Geneticengineering,initsbroadestdefinition,meanstocontrolaspeciessothataparticulartraitisincreasedinthepopulation.Atraitishowanorganism(有机体)looksoractsorwhatitdoes.Havingbrowneyesisatrait.Flyingincirclesisatrait.Climbingtreesisatrait.
Theearliestformsofgeneticengineeringoccurredonfarms.Peopleselectedseedsfromplantsthathadmorefruitproductionortastierleavesthanotherplantsoftheirtypes.Thentheychosetosavetheseedsfromthebestofthatgrouptosowthenextyear.So,yearbyyear,thefarmersproducedbetterandbettercrops.Thistypeofactivityprobablyhasbeengoingonsincemankindfirstsettledinvillagesandbeganmakingalifeforthemselvesinonelocation,about12,000yearsago!
Thesamesortofthingwouldhavealsohappenedwithanimals.Forexample,peoplechosetoeattheanimalsthatdidn’thavefavorabletraitsandlettheanimalswiththefavorabletraitsreproduce.Itwasthousandsofyearsbeforemankindfiguredouthowplantsandanimalsreproducethemselves.Withthisknowledge,peoplecouldpollinate(授粉)plantsbyhandorkeepapairofanimalstogetherinordertodeliberatelycauseanincreaseinafavorabletrait.
Itwasonlyinthelast250yearsthatscientistsbeganfiguringoutchromosomes(染色体)andgenesandtheroletheyplayinthewayonegenerationpassesitstraitsontothenext.Andit’sonlybeeninthelast30yearsthatscientistshavebeenabletocutoutspecificgenesfromoneorganismandputtheminanother.Itisthis30-year-oldtechnologythatisdescribedbythenarrowdefinitionofgeneticengineering.Mankindhaslongbeenabletohaveadeliberateimpactontheworldaroundhim.Henowpossessesthetoolstodeliberatelyimpacthimself.Somepeopleareafraidofwhatmightbedonewiththatpower.
4.Thetextismainlydevelopedby______.
A.askingquestions
B.examiningdifferences
C.makingcomparisons
D.givingexamples
5.Paragraph2mainlytalksabout______.
A.thespreadofgeneticengineering
B.theadvantageofgeneticengineering
C.theoriginalapplicationofgeneticengineering
D.thepopularityofgeneticengineering
6.Theunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.
A.specificgenesB.specialtraits
C.chromosomesD.scientists
7.Whatcanwelearnaboutgeneticengineeringfromthelastparagraph?
A.Ithasahistoryof250yearsbythenarrowdefinitionofgeneticengineering.
B.Scientistsdon’tknowhowtomakegooduseofit.
C.Peoplehaveamisunderstandingofitinthepast30years.
D.Itisbecomingapowerfultoolofmankind.
【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。
文章通过一些例子来讲述基因工程。
它正在成为人类的有力工具。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第二段第一句Theearliestformsofgeneticengineeringoccurredonfarms.Peopleselectedseedsfromplantsthathadmorefruitproductionortastierleavesthanotherplantsoftheirtypes.“最早的基因工程出现在农场。
人们从那些比其他同类植物有更多水果产量或更美味叶子的植物中选择种子。
”和第三段中Thesamesortofthingwouldhavealsohappenedwithanimals.Forexample,peoplechosetoeattheanimalsthatdidn’thavefavorabletraitsandlettheanimalswiththefavorabletraitsreproduce.“同样的事情也会发生在动物身上。
例如,人们选择吃那些没有优良性状的动物,让具有优良性状的动物繁殖。
”由此可知,本文主要是通过举例来展开的。
故选D。
【5题详解】
段落大意题。
根据第二段第一句Theearliestformsofgeneticengineeringoccurredonfarms.“最早的基因工程出现在农场。
”可知,第二段主要讨论基因工程的原始应用。
故选C。
【6题详解】
词义指代题。
根据最后一段中Andit’sonlybeeninthelast30yearsthatscientistshavebeenabletocutoutspecificgenesfromoneorganism“直到最近30年,科学家们才能够从一种有机体中切割出特定的基因”和andputtheminanother.“把它们放在另一个里面。
”由此推知,最后一段中的them指specificgenes。
故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。
根据最后一段中Mankindhaslongbeenabletohaveadeliberateimpactontheworldaroundhim.Henowpossessesthetoolstodeliberatelyimpacthimself.Somepeopleareafraidofwhatmightbedonewiththatpower.“人类长期以来一直能够对他周围的世界产生有意的影响。
他现在拥有了故意影响自己的工具。
有些人害怕用这种力量能做什么。
”由此可知,关于基因工程,我们能从最后一段了解到“它正在成为人类的有力工具。
”故选D。
【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象,包括考查it(指动物,无生命的事物、特定的事件或人),they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词),he/she等人称代词的指代意义,以及指示代词this,that,these,those等在文章中的指代意义,考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人,物,事件的认知能力。
解答这类题时,同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容,分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程,理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系,从而准确推断其指代的对象。
本题第3小题,根据最后一段中Andit’sonlybeeninthelast30yearsthatscientistshavebeenabletocutoutspecificgenesfromoneorganism“直到最近30年,科学家们才能够从一种有机体中切割出特定的基因”和andputtheminanother.“把它们放在另一个里面。
”由此推知,最后一段中的them指specificgenes。
故选A。
C
Americanhighschoolstudentsareterriblewriters,andoneeducationreformgroupthinksithasananswer:
robots.Or,moreaccurately,robot-readers—computersprogrammedtoscanstudents’essaysandspitoutagrade.
MarkShermis,professoroftheCollegeofEducationattheUniversityofAkron,ishelpingtoholdacontest,setupbytheWilliamandFloraHewlettFoundation(WFHF),whichpromises$100,000inprizemoneytoprogrammerswhowritethebestautomatedgradingsoftware.“Ifyou’reahighschoolteacherandyougiveawritingtask,you’rewalkinghomewith150essays,”Shermissaid.“You’regoingtoneedsomehelp.”
Automatedessaygradingwasfirstproposedinthe1960s,butcomputersbackthenwerenotuptothetask.Inthelate1990s,astechnologyimproved,severaltextbooksandtestingcompaniesjumpedintothefield.Today,computersareusedtogradeessaysonSouthDakota’sstudentwritingassessmentsandahandfulofotherexams,includingtheTOEFLtestofEnglishfluency,takenbyforeignstudents.
TheHewlettcontestaimstoshowthatcomputerscangradeaswellasEnglishteachers—onlymuchmorequicklyandwithoutallthatdepressingredink.“Automatedessayscoringisobjective,”Shermissaid.“Anditcanbedoneimmediately.Ifstudentsfinishanessayat10pm,theywillgetaresultat10:
01pm.”
Take,forinstance,theIntelligentEssayAssessor,aweb-basedtoolmarketedbyPearsonEducation,Inc.Withinseconds,itcananalyzeanessayforspelling,grammar,organization,andhelpstudentstomakerevisions.Theprogramscansforkeywordsandanalyzessemantic(语义的)patterns,andPearsonclaimsthatitcanunderstandthemeaningoftextmuchthesameasahumanreader.
8.Thetextiswrittentointroduce______.
A.educationreforminAmerica
B.robot-readers
C.Hewlettcontest
D.WilliamandFloraHewlettFoundation
9.FromParagraph3,weknowthatinthe1960s______.
A.Computerswerenoteasytoget
B.Automatedgradingsoftwarewaspopular
C.Computerscouldn’tgradeessaysautomatically
D.Peoplerefusedautomatedessaygrading
10.TheIntelligentEssayAssessorcan__