甘肃省兰州市第一中学学年高一月考英语试题解析版.docx

1、甘肃省兰州市第一中学学年高一月考英语试题解析版兰州一中2018-2019-2学期高一年级5月月考英语试题第I卷第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共10 小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AMother Teresa (August 26, 1910-September 5, 1997) was a great woman, who did a lot to improve the social condition of mankind. Due to her contribution in

2、 serving the society, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize aged 69.She was brought up in a Catholic family. When she was only seven, she lost her father. Even as a young child, she was interested in the life of missionaries (传教士). At the age of 18, she decided that she would become a nun. She left

3、her home and went to join the Sisters of Loreto. It was the first step that she made towards providing services for mankind.On the 7th of October in the year 1950, Mother Teresa received Vatican permission to start the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, the mission of which would be to take care o

4、f the needy, the homeless, and people who were shunned by the society. Then it had a number of branches all over the country. The journey of Mother Teresas Missionaries of Charity started with the setting up of homes for the Dying.In the year 1983, Mother Teresa suffered from a serious heart attack,

5、 while she was in Rome. However, she recovered. But, later in 1989, she again got an attack. Her health went worse and in the year 1991, she suffered from pneumonia. Taking her health problems into consideration, Mother Teresa decided to resign (辞职) from the post of head of the order.A secret vote w

6、as conducted in which all the nuns voted for the stay of Mother Teresa except herself. So, she agreed to continue serving as head of the Missionaries of Charity. Day by day her health was getting worse. On September 5, 1997, exactly nine days after her 87th birthday, this great soul departed for hea

7、ven.1. Why did Mother Teresa devote her life to the religious life?A. Because her parents had a deep influence on her.B. Because she wanted to provide services for others.C. Because she thought the life of missionaries simple.D. Because she came to know the Sisters of Loreto.2. Which of the followin

8、g words can replace the underlined word shunned ?A. Cared. B. Concerned.C. Ignored. D. Affected.3. Why did Mother Teresa decide to resign from her post?A. She realized she couldnt fully serve the people in need.B. She was only worried about her health condition.C. She wished to lead a more comfortab

9、le life.D. She knew a heart attack would take her life away at any time.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A【解析】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍Mother Teresa 。Mother Teresa(1910年8月26日- 1997年9月5日)是一位伟大的女性，她为改善人类社会状况做出了巨大的贡献。由于她对社会的贡献，69岁的她获得了诺贝尔和平奖。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句It was the first step that she made towards providing services for

10、mankind.“这是她为人类提供服务的第一步。”由此可知，Mother Teresa之所以献身于宗教生活是因为她想为别人提供服务。故选B。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中the mission of which would be to take care of the needy, the homeless, “它的使命是照顾穷人，无家可归的人，”再根据the needy, the homeless, and people who were shunned by the society.是并列关系，所以应该是“被社会忽视的人”，故划线部分的意思是“忽视”。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。

11、根据第四段中Her health went worse and in the year 1991, she suffered from pneumonia. Taking her health problems into consideration, Mother Teresa decided to resign (辞职) from the post of head of the order.“她的健康每况愈下，1991年，她患了肺炎。考虑到她的健康问题，特蕾莎修女决定辞去教团团长的职务。”可知，Mother Teresa决定辞职是因为她意识到她不能完全为需要帮助的人服务。故选A。BGenet

12、ic engineering, in its broadest definition, means to control a species so that a particular trait is increased in the population. A trait is how an organism (有机体) looks or acts or what it does. Having brown eyes is a trait. Flying in circles is a trait. Climbing trees is a trait.The earliest forms o

13、f genetic engineering occurred on farms. People selected seeds from plants that had more fruit production or tastier leaves than other plants of their types. Then they chose to save the seeds from the best of that group to sow the next year. So, year by year, the farmers produced better and better c

14、rops. This type of activity probably has been going on since mankind first settled in villages and began making a life for themselves in one location, about 12,000 years ago!The same sort of thing would have also happened with animals. For example, people chose to eat the animals that didnt have fav

15、orable traits and let the animals with the favorable traits reproduce. It was thousands of years before mankind figured out how plants and animals reproduce themselves. With this knowledge, people could pollinate (授粉) plants by hand or keep a pair of animals together in order to deliberately cause a

16、n increase in a favorable trait.It was only in the last 250 years that scientists began figuring out chromosomes (染色体) and genes and the role they play in the way one generation passes its traits on to the next. And its only been in the last 30 years that scientists have been able to cut out specifi

17、c genes from one organism and put them in another. It is this 30- year-old technology that is described by the narrow definition of genetic engineering. Mankind has long been able to have a deliberate impact on the world around him. He now possesses the tools to deliberately impact himself. Some peo

18、ple are afraid of what might be done with that power.4. The text is mainly developed by _.A. asking questionsB. examining differencesC. making comparisonsD. giving examples5. Paragraph 2 mainly talks about _.A. the spread of genetic engineeringB. the advantage of genetic engineeringC. the original a

19、pplication of genetic engineeringD. the popularity of genetic engineering6. The underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refers to _.A. specific genes B. special traitsC. chromosomes D. scientists7. What can we learn about genetic engineering from the last paragraph?A. It has a history of 250 ye

20、ars by the narrow definition of genetic engineering.B. Scientists dont know how to make good use of it.C. People have a misunderstanding of it in the past 30 years.D. It is becoming a powerful tool of mankind.【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一些例子来讲述基因工程。它正在成为人类的有力工具。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Th

21、e earliest forms of genetic engineering occurred on farms. People selected seeds from plants that had more fruit production or tastier leaves than other plants of their types.“最早的基因工程出现在农场。人们从那些比其他同类植物有更多水果产量或更美味叶子的植物中选择种子。”和第三段中The same sort of thing would have also happened with animals. For examp

22、le, people chose to eat the animals that didnt have favorable traits and let the animals with the favorable traits reproduce.“同样的事情也会发生在动物身上。例如，人们选择吃那些没有优良性状的动物，让具有优良性状的动物繁殖。”由此可知，本文主要是通过举例来展开的。故选D。【5题详解】段落大意题。根据第二段第一句The earliest forms of genetic engineering occurred on farms.“最早的基因工程出现在农场。”可知，第二段主

23、要讨论基因工程的原始应用。故选C。【6题详解】词义指代题。根据最后一段中And its only been in the last 30 years that scientists have been able to cut out specific genes from one organism“直到最近30年，科学家们才能够从一种有机体中切割出特定的基因”和and put them in another.“把它们放在另一个里面。”由此推知，最后一段中的them指specific genes。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Mankind has long been able

24、to have a deliberate impact on the world around him. He now possesses the tools to deliberately impact himself. Some people are afraid of what might be done with that power.“人类长期以来一直能够对他周围的世界产生有意的影响。他现在拥有了故意影响自己的工具。有些人害怕用这种力量能做什么。”由此可知，关于基因工程，我们能从最后一段了解到“它正在成为人类的有力工具。”故选D。【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画

25、线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。本题第3小题，根据最后一段中And its only been in the last 30 years that scientists h

26、ave been able to cut out specific genes from one organism“直到最近30年，科学家们才能够从一种有机体中切割出特定的基因”和and put them in another.“把它们放在另一个里面。”由此推知，最后一段中的them指specific genes。故选A。CAmerican high school students are terrible writers, and one education reform group thinks it has an answer: robots. Or, more accurately,

27、robot-readerscomputers programmed to scan students essays and spit out a grade.Mark Shermis, professor of the College of Education at the University of Akron, is helping to hold a contest, set up by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation (WFHF), which promises $ 100,000 in prize money to programme

28、rs who write the best automated grading software. “If youre a high school teacher and you give a writing task, youre walking home with 150 essays,” Shermis said. “Youre going to need some help.”Automated essay grading was first proposed in the 1960s, but computers back then were not up to the task.

29、In the late 1990s, as technology improved, several textbooks and testing companies jumped into the field. Today, computers are used to grade essays on South Dakotas student writing assessments and a handful of other exams, including the TOEFL test of English fluency, taken by foreign students.The He

30、wlett contest aims to show that computers can grade as well as English teachersonly much more quickly and without all that depressing red ink. “Automated essay scoring is objective,” Shermis said. “And it can be done immediately. If students finish an essay at 10 pm, they will get a result at 10: 01

31、 pm.”Take, for instance, the Intelligent Essay Assessor, a web-based tool marketed by Pearson Education, Inc. Within seconds, it can analyze an essay for spelling, grammar, organization, and help students to make revisions. The program scans for key words and analyzes semantic (语义的) patterns, and Pe

32、arson claims that it can understand the meaning of text much the same as a human reader.8. The text is written to introduce _.A. education reform in AmericaB. robot-readersC. Hewlett contestD. William and Flora Hewlett Foundation9. From Paragraph 3, we know that in the 1960s _.A. Computers were not easy to getB. Automated grading software was popularC. Computers couldnt grade essays automaticallyD. People refused automated essay grading10. The Intelligent Essay Assessor can _