英美文学作家.docx

英美文学作家.docx

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英美文学作家

英国：

GeoffreyChaucer（杰弗里·乔叟）:

HeisthefatherofEnglishpoetry.HewasburiedintheWestminsterAbbey,thusfoundingthe“‘Poets’Corner”.Asaforerunnerofhumanism,hepraisedman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife.TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集）ishismasterpiece.HemadegreatcontributiontotheEnglishlanguage.

SirThomasMalory（托马斯·马洛礼）:

TheauthorofTheDeathofArthur《亚瑟王之死》,whichtellsthewholelifeofKingArthur.ItwashewhofinallycompiledtogetherthestoriesofKingArthurandtheKnightsoftheRoundTable.Heisaknight.HemadegreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofEnglishprose.

EdmundSpenser（爱德蒙·斯宾塞）:

HeisthefirstmastertomakeModernEnglishthenaturalmusicofhispoeticeffusions.TheFaerieQueene《仙后》isSpenser’smasterpiece,whichisanunfinishedallegoricalromance.

ChristopherMarlowe（克里斯托弗·马洛）:

HewasthemostgiftedoftheUniversityWits.HeperfectedtheblankverseandmadeittheprinciplemediumofEnglishdrama.HisfirstplayisTamburlainetheGreat《帖木儿大帝》.Dr.Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》ishismasterpiece.MarloweistheonlydramatistofthetimewhoisevercomparedwithShakespeare.

FrancisBacon（弗朗西斯·培根）:

HeisarepresentativeoftheEnglishrenaissance,awell-knownphilosopher,scientistandessayist.HeisregardedasthechieffigureinEnglishproseinthefirsthalfofthe17thcenturyandhisessaysbeganthelongtraditionoftheEnglishessayinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Themostwildlyreadworksarehisessays,ofStudies,ofFriendship,ofTruth.

JohnDonne（约翰·多恩）:

HeisaJacobean（詹姆士一世）poetandpreacher,representativeofthemetaphysicalpoetsofthisperiod.Donnewrotelittlesecular（现世的）poetry,instead,hedevotedallhistimeandeffortstohispriestlyduties,writingsermonsandreligiouspoems.

GeorgeHerbert（乔治·赫伯特）:

Hewascalled“thesaintoftheMetaphysicalschool”.Heisadevout（虔诚的）AnglicanclergymanwhobelievesthatapoetshouldsingthegloryofGod.Virtue《美德》isoneofhismasterpieces.

BenJonson（本·琼森）：

HeisanEnglishrenaissancedramatistandpoet.HisreputationasaplaywrighthastraditionallybeenassociatedwithShakespeare,andhisreputationasapoethasbeencomparedtothatofJohnDonne.SongtoCelia《致西莉亚》isfamous.

JohnMilton（约翰·弥尔顿）：

Miltonispoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.Heisamasteroftheblankverse.Heisagreatstylist.Therevolutionaryenthusiasmofthebourgeoisrevolutionandthebitterhatredforthedespotic（暴虐的）rulerisbestshowninhisworks.ParadiseLost《失乐园》ishismasterpiece.

JohnBunyan（约翰·班扬）：

HeisareligiousnovelistwhosestyleismodeledafteroftheEnglishBible.HewasthechiefPuritanwriterofprose.Heisknownforhissimpleandlivelyprosestyle.ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》ishismasterpiece,whichthemeiseveryChristianhastotakeinhisinnerheartajourneyinordertobesaved.

JohnDryden（约翰·德莱顿）：

HeisoneoftheleadingwritersintheRestorationperiod.Followingthestandardsofclassicism,heestablishedtheheroiccouplet.HeistheforerunneroftheEnglishclassicalschoolofliteratureinthe18thcentury.

DanielDefoe（丹尼尔·笛福）:

HeisknownasapioneernovelistofEnglandandalsoaprolificwriterofbooksandpamphletsonagreatvarietyofsubjects.Hewasabusinessmananddidnothavemuchknowledgeoftheclassics.MollFlanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》andRobinsonCrusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》aretwoofhisfamousbooks.

JonathanSwift（乔纳森·斯威夫特）:

Heisamasterofsatires.HeisamemberoftheAnglicanChurch.Hewasachurchmanandauniversitygraduate.Heviewedhumansocietywithcontemptandhasbeencalledacynic（愤世嫉俗者）andevenamisanthrope.（厌恶人类的人.AModestProposal《一个谦卑的建议》isoneofhisfamousbooks.Gulliver’sTravels《格列弗游记》ishismasterpiece.

HenryFielding（亨利·菲尔丁）:

Heisadramatist,anessayistandanovelist.Hisfameisestablishedchieflyuponhissuccessasanovelist.HeisthefounderoftheEnglishrealisticnovel.TheHistoryofTomJones,AFoundling《弃儿汤姆·琼斯的故事》isregardedasFielding’smasterpiece.

WilliamBlake（威廉·布莱克）:

Thedistinctivefeatureofhispoetryisthesymbolisminwiderange.Hismostwellknownpoemsarecollectedintwocollections.TheyareSongsofInnocence《天真之歌》andSongsofExperience《经验之歌》.Thesetwocollectionsreflect“twocontrarystatesofhumansoul”.HisfirstbookofpoemwasPoeticalSketches《素描诗集》.

WilliamWordsworth（威廉·华兹华斯）:

HepublishedLyricalBallads《抒情诗歌》incollaborationwithSamuelTaylorColeridge.Itcanbereadasadeclarationofromanticism.Wordsworthismostcelebratedforhispoetryofnature.Hislovefornatureisboundless.Heisoneoflakepoets.

SamuelTaylorColeridge（塞缪尔·柯尔律治）:

Heisoneofthelakepoets.HisrepresentativeworkisTheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子咏》.AnotherwellknownpoemisKublaKhan（忽必烈汗）.HeandWordsworthareregardedastwogreatestprogenitors（先驱）oftheEnglishRomanticspirit.

GeorgeGordonByron（乔治·戈登·拜伦）:

ByronmakesagreatcontributiontotheEnglishLiterature,whichistheliteraryfigureofthe“ByronicHero”,aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.DonJuan《唐璜》ishismasterpiece.

PercyByssheShelley（珀西·比希·雪莱）:

HeiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.Heformedrebelliousthoughts.Thoughhewasverygentlebynature,hedisgusted（厌恶）alltheunjustthingsandtyrannyofthegoverningclasssohewrotemanyworkstoexpresshisrebelliousthoughts.QueenMab《麦布女王》ishisfirstimportantpoem.

JohnKeats（约翰·济慈）:

Heisconsideredasaremarkablemasteroflyricalpoetry,aconsummate（完美的）artistinpoeticallanguage,asingerandanadvocateofthecult（狂热）ofbeauty,awriterof“purepoetry”,asortof“artforart’ssake”dreamerwhosteeps（浸）himselfinpoeticfancyandfantasyandhaslittleinterestinsocialorpoliticalproblemsofhisday.OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer《初读查普曼译荷马史诗》isthemostimportantofKeats’earlysonnets.

CharlesLamb（查尔斯·兰姆）:

CharlesLambwasafamousessayistintheEnglishRomanticperiod.HeisbestknownforhisEssaysofElia《伊利亚随笔选》andchildren’sbookTalesfromShakespeare《莎士比亚故事集》.LambhasbeenreferredasthemostlovablefigureinEnglishliterature,andhisinfluenceontheEnglishessaycannotbeoverestimated.

WalterScott（瓦尔特·司各特）:

HeisafamoushistoricalnovelistintheEnglishRomanticperiod.Scottmadehisfamebyhisnovels,whicharenotonlycharacterizedbyromanticelements,butalsoarenotedfortheirrealisticdescriptionofhistoricalevents.CriticsagreedthattheEnglishRomanticperiodendedwhenScottdied.ScottpavesthewaytorealismandmarksthetransitionfromRomanticismtoRealism.Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》ishisrepresentativework.

CharlesDickens（查尔斯·狄更斯）:

HeisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistsintheVictorianAge.Hepaidlotsofattentiontothesocialproblems.Heshowedgreatsympathyandloveforthepoorpeopleandexposedalltheinjustice,hypocrisy,corruptioninthebourgeoissociety.DombeyandSon《董贝父子》andBleakHouse《荒凉山庄》aretwoofhisrepresentativeworks.

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray（威廉·麦克皮斯·萨克雷）:

HeisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistsintheVictorianAge.Hemainlydescribedthelivesoftheupperandthemiddleclasses.Hewasacynicwhosawnogoodinanythinganddoubtedthegoodnessofhumannature.VanityFair《名利场》ishismasterpiece.

LordAlfredTennyson（阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生）:

Heisoneofthe“TheBigThree”ofVictorianpoets.Hewasgiventhetitleof“PoetofthePeople”.Hisfamousbooksare:

Break,Break,Break《拍吧，拍吧，拍吧》，Ulysses《尤利西斯》，InMemnoriamA.H.H《悼念》》

RobertBrowning（罗伯特·布朗宁）:

HeisconsideredtobethemostoriginalpoetoftheVictorianAge.Hewasboldandunconventionalinmatterandstyle.Heisnoteworthyforthedramaticmonologue.Inhisdramaticmonologues,hepenetratestothepsychologyofhischaractersandthroughtheirownspeeches,heanalyzeshischaractersandrevealstheinnermost（最深处的）secretoftheirlives.ThepoemMyLastDuchess《我已故的公爵夫人》isoneofthemostrepresentativeofhisdramaticmonologues.

MatthewArnold（马修·阿诺德）:

HewasbothaBritishpoetandaliterarycritic.Hehasbeencharacterizedasasage（圣人）writer,atypeofwriterwhochastises（责骂）andinstructsthereaderoncontemporarysocialissues.ArnoldstartedhisliterarycareerasapoetandhebecameoneofthetypicalpoetsinVictorianAge.HismostfamouspoetryisDoverBeach《多佛海滩》.Mostofhispoeticproductionisbeautiful,oftenformallyimpressive.

CharlotteBronte（夏洛特·勃朗特）:

Sheintroducedthefirstgoverness（女家庭教师）novelinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Sheistheforerunnerofthefeminism.Shegavevoicetothefeelingsandaspirationsoftheeducatedwomenofherage.JaneEyreishermasterpiece.Sheisoneof“theBrontesisters”.

ThomasHardy（托马斯·哈代）:

Livingattheturnofthecentury,heisoftenregardedasatransitionalwriter.HisworksreflectthetransitionoftheEnglishliteraturefromtheVictorianAgetoModernAge.Hardystartedoffthetraditionof“regionalnovels”.MostofhisnovelsaresetinWessex,afictionalprimitiveregion.HeistherepresentativepersonofNaturalism.TessofD’Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》ishismasterpiece.

GeorgeBernardShaw（乔治·伯纳·萧）：

HeisconsideredtobethebestknownEnglishdramatistsinceWilliamShakespeare.ShawwasawardedtheNobelPrice.Heexpressedhisviewsonavarietyofsubjectswithgreatfranknessandwit.Shawwasstronglyagainstthecredo“Artforart’ssake”.Heheldthatartshouldservesocialpurposebyreflectinghumanlife,revealingsocialcontradictionsandeducatingthecommonpeople.MajorBarbara《芭芭拉少校》isoneofhismasterpieces.

JamesJoyce（詹姆斯·乔伊斯）:

Heisoneofthemostprominentliteraryfiguresofthe20thcentury.Hisworksshowsauniquesynthesis（综合）ofrealism,the“StreamofConsciousness”and