英美文学作家.docx
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英美文学作家
英国:
GeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里·乔叟):
HeisthefatherofEnglishpoetry.HewasburiedintheWestminsterAbbey,thusfoundingthe“‘Poets’Corner”.Asaforerunnerofhumanism,hepraisedman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife.TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集)ishismasterpiece.HemadegreatcontributiontotheEnglishlanguage.
SirThomasMalory(托马斯·马洛礼):
TheauthorofTheDeathofArthur《亚瑟王之死》,whichtellsthewholelifeofKingArthur.ItwashewhofinallycompiledtogetherthestoriesofKingArthurandtheKnightsoftheRoundTable.Heisaknight.HemadegreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofEnglishprose.
EdmundSpenser(爱德蒙·斯宾塞):
HeisthefirstmastertomakeModernEnglishthenaturalmusicofhispoeticeffusions.TheFaerieQueene《仙后》isSpenser’smasterpiece,whichisanunfinishedallegoricalromance.
ChristopherMarlowe(克里斯托弗·马洛):
HewasthemostgiftedoftheUniversityWits.HeperfectedtheblankverseandmadeittheprinciplemediumofEnglishdrama.HisfirstplayisTamburlainetheGreat《帖木儿大帝》.Dr.Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》ishismasterpiece.MarloweistheonlydramatistofthetimewhoisevercomparedwithShakespeare.
FrancisBacon(弗朗西斯·培根):
HeisarepresentativeoftheEnglishrenaissance,awell-knownphilosopher,scientistandessayist.HeisregardedasthechieffigureinEnglishproseinthefirsthalfofthe17thcenturyandhisessaysbeganthelongtraditionoftheEnglishessayinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Themostwildlyreadworksarehisessays,ofStudies,ofFriendship,ofTruth.
JohnDonne(约翰·多恩):
HeisaJacobean(詹姆士一世)poetandpreacher,representativeofthemetaphysicalpoetsofthisperiod.Donnewrotelittlesecular(现世的)poetry,instead,hedevotedallhistimeandeffortstohispriestlyduties,writingsermonsandreligiouspoems.
GeorgeHerbert(乔治·赫伯特):
Hewascalled“thesaintoftheMetaphysicalschool”.Heisadevout(虔诚的)AnglicanclergymanwhobelievesthatapoetshouldsingthegloryofGod.Virtue《美德》isoneofhismasterpieces.
BenJonson(本·琼森):
HeisanEnglishrenaissancedramatistandpoet.HisreputationasaplaywrighthastraditionallybeenassociatedwithShakespeare,andhisreputationasapoethasbeencomparedtothatofJohnDonne.SongtoCelia《致西莉亚》isfamous.
JohnMilton(约翰·弥尔顿):
Miltonispoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.Heisamasteroftheblankverse.Heisagreatstylist.Therevolutionaryenthusiasmofthebourgeoisrevolutionandthebitterhatredforthedespotic(暴虐的)rulerisbestshowninhisworks.ParadiseLost《失乐园》ishismasterpiece.
JohnBunyan(约翰·班扬):
HeisareligiousnovelistwhosestyleismodeledafteroftheEnglishBible.HewasthechiefPuritanwriterofprose.Heisknownforhissimpleandlivelyprosestyle.ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》ishismasterpiece,whichthemeiseveryChristianhastotakeinhisinnerheartajourneyinordertobesaved.
JohnDryden(约翰·德莱顿):
HeisoneoftheleadingwritersintheRestorationperiod.Followingthestandardsofclassicism,heestablishedtheheroiccouplet.HeistheforerunneroftheEnglishclassicalschoolofliteratureinthe18thcentury.
DanielDefoe(丹尼尔·笛福):
HeisknownasapioneernovelistofEnglandandalsoaprolificwriterofbooksandpamphletsonagreatvarietyofsubjects.Hewasabusinessmananddidnothavemuchknowledgeoftheclassics.MollFlanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》andRobinsonCrusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》aretwoofhisfamousbooks.
JonathanSwift(乔纳森·斯威夫特):
Heisamasterofsatires.HeisamemberoftheAnglicanChurch.Hewasachurchmanandauniversitygraduate.Heviewedhumansocietywithcontemptandhasbeencalledacynic(愤世嫉俗者)andevenamisanthrope.(厌恶人类的人.AModestProposal《一个谦卑的建议》isoneofhisfamousbooks.Gulliver’sTravels《格列弗游记》ishismasterpiece.
HenryFielding(亨利·菲尔丁):
Heisadramatist,anessayistandanovelist.Hisfameisestablishedchieflyuponhissuccessasanovelist.HeisthefounderoftheEnglishrealisticnovel.TheHistoryofTomJones,AFoundling《弃儿汤姆·琼斯的故事》isregardedasFielding’smasterpiece.
WilliamBlake(威廉·布莱克):
Thedistinctivefeatureofhispoetryisthesymbolisminwiderange.Hismostwellknownpoemsarecollectedintwocollections.TheyareSongsofInnocence《天真之歌》andSongsofExperience《经验之歌》.Thesetwocollectionsreflect“twocontrarystatesofhumansoul”.HisfirstbookofpoemwasPoeticalSketches《素描诗集》.
WilliamWordsworth(威廉·华兹华斯):
HepublishedLyricalBallads《抒情诗歌》incollaborationwithSamuelTaylorColeridge.Itcanbereadasadeclarationofromanticism.Wordsworthismostcelebratedforhispoetryofnature.Hislovefornatureisboundless.Heisoneoflakepoets.
SamuelTaylorColeridge(塞缪尔·柯尔律治):
Heisoneofthelakepoets.HisrepresentativeworkisTheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子咏》.AnotherwellknownpoemisKublaKhan(忽必烈汗).HeandWordsworthareregardedastwogreatestprogenitors(先驱)oftheEnglishRomanticspirit.
GeorgeGordonByron(乔治·戈登·拜伦):
ByronmakesagreatcontributiontotheEnglishLiterature,whichistheliteraryfigureofthe“ByronicHero”,aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.DonJuan《唐璜》ishismasterpiece.
PercyByssheShelley(珀西·比希·雪莱):
HeiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.Heformedrebelliousthoughts.Thoughhewasverygentlebynature,hedisgusted(厌恶)alltheunjustthingsandtyrannyofthegoverningclasssohewrotemanyworkstoexpresshisrebelliousthoughts.QueenMab《麦布女王》ishisfirstimportantpoem.
JohnKeats(约翰·济慈):
Heisconsideredasaremarkablemasteroflyricalpoetry,aconsummate(完美的)artistinpoeticallanguage,asingerandanadvocateofthecult(狂热)ofbeauty,awriterof“purepoetry”,asortof“artforart’ssake”dreamerwhosteeps(浸)himselfinpoeticfancyandfantasyandhaslittleinterestinsocialorpoliticalproblemsofhisday.OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer《初读查普曼译荷马史诗》isthemostimportantofKeats’earlysonnets.
CharlesLamb(查尔斯·兰姆):
CharlesLambwasafamousessayistintheEnglishRomanticperiod.HeisbestknownforhisEssaysofElia《伊利亚随笔选》andchildren’sbookTalesfromShakespeare《莎士比亚故事集》.LambhasbeenreferredasthemostlovablefigureinEnglishliterature,andhisinfluenceontheEnglishessaycannotbeoverestimated.
WalterScott(瓦尔特·司各特):
HeisafamoushistoricalnovelistintheEnglishRomanticperiod.Scottmadehisfamebyhisnovels,whicharenotonlycharacterizedbyromanticelements,butalsoarenotedfortheirrealisticdescriptionofhistoricalevents.CriticsagreedthattheEnglishRomanticperiodendedwhenScottdied.ScottpavesthewaytorealismandmarksthetransitionfromRomanticismtoRealism.Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》ishisrepresentativework.
CharlesDickens(查尔斯·狄更斯):
HeisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistsintheVictorianAge.Hepaidlotsofattentiontothesocialproblems.Heshowedgreatsympathyandloveforthepoorpeopleandexposedalltheinjustice,hypocrisy,corruptioninthebourgeoissociety.DombeyandSon《董贝父子》andBleakHouse《荒凉山庄》aretwoofhisrepresentativeworks.
WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(威廉·麦克皮斯·萨克雷):
HeisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistsintheVictorianAge.Hemainlydescribedthelivesoftheupperandthemiddleclasses.Hewasacynicwhosawnogoodinanythinganddoubtedthegoodnessofhumannature.VanityFair《名利场》ishismasterpiece.
LordAlfredTennyson(阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生):
Heisoneofthe“TheBigThree”ofVictorianpoets.Hewasgiventhetitleof“PoetofthePeople”.Hisfamousbooksare:
Break,Break,Break《拍吧,拍吧,拍吧》,Ulysses《尤利西斯》,InMemnoriamA.H.H《悼念》》
RobertBrowning(罗伯特·布朗宁):
HeisconsideredtobethemostoriginalpoetoftheVictorianAge.Hewasboldandunconventionalinmatterandstyle.Heisnoteworthyforthedramaticmonologue.Inhisdramaticmonologues,hepenetratestothepsychologyofhischaractersandthroughtheirownspeeches,heanalyzeshischaractersandrevealstheinnermost(最深处的)secretoftheirlives.ThepoemMyLastDuchess《我已故的公爵夫人》isoneofthemostrepresentativeofhisdramaticmonologues.
MatthewArnold(马修·阿诺德):
HewasbothaBritishpoetandaliterarycritic.Hehasbeencharacterizedasasage(圣人)writer,atypeofwriterwhochastises(责骂)andinstructsthereaderoncontemporarysocialissues.ArnoldstartedhisliterarycareerasapoetandhebecameoneofthetypicalpoetsinVictorianAge.HismostfamouspoetryisDoverBeach《多佛海滩》.Mostofhispoeticproductionisbeautiful,oftenformallyimpressive.
CharlotteBronte(夏洛特·勃朗特):
Sheintroducedthefirstgoverness(女家庭教师)novelinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Sheistheforerunnerofthefeminism.Shegavevoicetothefeelingsandaspirationsoftheeducatedwomenofherage.JaneEyreishermasterpiece.Sheisoneof“theBrontesisters”.
ThomasHardy(托马斯·哈代):
Livingattheturnofthecentury,heisoftenregardedasatransitionalwriter.HisworksreflectthetransitionoftheEnglishliteraturefromtheVictorianAgetoModernAge.Hardystartedoffthetraditionof“regionalnovels”.MostofhisnovelsaresetinWessex,afictionalprimitiveregion.HeistherepresentativepersonofNaturalism.TessofD’Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》ishismasterpiece.
GeorgeBernardShaw(乔治·伯纳·萧):
HeisconsideredtobethebestknownEnglishdramatistsinceWilliamShakespeare.ShawwasawardedtheNobelPrice.Heexpressedhisviewsonavarietyofsubjectswithgreatfranknessandwit.Shawwasstronglyagainstthecredo“Artforart’ssake”.Heheldthatartshouldservesocialpurposebyreflectinghumanlife,revealingsocialcontradictionsandeducatingthecommonpeople.MajorBarbara《芭芭拉少校》isoneofhismasterpieces.
JamesJoyce(詹姆斯·乔伊斯):
Heisoneofthemostprominentliteraryfiguresofthe20thcentury.Hisworksshowsauniquesynthesis(综合)ofrealism,the“StreamofConsciousness”and