英美文学作家.docx

1、英美文学作家英国：Geoffrey Chaucer（杰弗里乔叟）: He is the father of English poetry. He was buried in the Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “ Poets Corner”. As a forerunner of humanism, he praised mans energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集） is his masterpiece. He made great

2、contribution to the English language. Sir Thomas Malory（托马斯马洛礼）: The author of The Death of Arthur亚瑟王之死, which tells the whole life of King Arthur. It was he who finally compiled together the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. He is a knight. He made great contribution to the

3、 development of English prose. Edmund Spenser（爱德蒙斯宾塞): He is the first master to make Modern English the natural music of his poetic effusions. The Faerie Queene 仙后is Spensers masterpiece, which is an unfinished allegorical romance.Christopher Marlowe（克里斯托弗马洛）: He was the most gifted of the Universi

4、ty Wits. He perfected the blank verse and made it the principle medium of English drama. His first play is Tamburlaine the Great帖木儿大帝. Dr. Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧is his masterpiece.Marlowe is the only dramatist of the time who is ever compared with Shakespeare. Francis Bacon（弗朗西斯培根）: He is a representative

5、of the English renaissance, a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. He is regarded as the chief figure in English prose in the first half of the 17th century and his essays began the long tradition of the English essay in the history of English literature. The most wildly read works are hi

6、s essays, of Studies, of Friendship, of Truth.John Donne（约翰多恩）: He is a Jacobean(詹姆士一世） poet and preacher, representative of the metaphysical poets of this period. Donne wrote little secular(现世的）poetry, instead, he devoted all his time and efforts to his priestly duties, writing sermons and religiou

7、s poems. George Herbert(乔治赫伯特）: He was called “the saint of the Metaphysical school”. He is a devout(虔诚的) Anglican clergyman who believes that a poet should sing the glory of God. Virtue美德 is one of his masterpieces. Ben Jonson(本琼森）：He is an English renaissance dramatist and poet. His reputation as

8、a playwright has traditionally been associated with Shakespeare, and his reputation as a poet has been compared to that of John Donne. Song to Celia致西莉亚 is famous. John Milton(约翰弥尔顿）：Milton is political in both his life and his art. He is a master of the blank verse. He is a great stylist. The revol

9、utionary enthusiasm of the bourgeois revolution and the bitter hatred for the despotic(暴虐的）ruler is best shown in his works. Paradise Lost失乐园 is his masterpiece. John Bunyan(约翰班扬）：He is a religious novelist whose style is modeled after of the English Bible. He was the chief Puritan writer of prose.

10、He is known for his simple and lively prose style. The Pilgrims Progress天路历程 is his masterpiece, which theme is every Christian has to take in his inner heart a journey in order to be saved. John Dryden(约翰德莱顿）：He is one of the leading writers in the Restoration period. Following the standards of cla

11、ssicism, he established the heroic couplet. He is the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th century.Daniel Defoe(丹尼尔笛福): He is known as a pioneer novelist of England and also a prolific writer of books and pamphlets on a great variety of subjects. He was a businessman

12、and did not have much knowledge of the classics. Moll Flanders摩尔弗兰德斯and Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记are two of his famous books. Jonathan Swift(乔纳森斯威夫特): He is a master of satires. He is a member of the Anglican Church. He was a church man and a university graduate. He viewed human society with contempt an

13、d has been called a cynic（愤世嫉俗者） and even a misanthrope.(厌恶人类的人. A Modest Proposal一个谦卑的建议 is one of his famous books. Gullivers Travels格列弗游记 is his masterpiece. Henry Fielding(亨利菲尔丁): He is a dramatist, an essayist and a novelist. His fame is established chiefly upon his success as a novelist. He is

14、 the founder of the English realistic novel. The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling弃儿汤姆琼斯的故事 is regarded as Fielding s masterpiece. William Blake(威廉布莱克): The distinctive feature of his poetry is the symbolism in wide range. His most well known poems are collected in two collections. They are Songs of

15、 Innocence天真之歌 and Songs of Experience经验之歌. These two collections reflect “ two contrary states of human soul”. His first book of poem was Poetical Sketches素描诗集.William Wordsworth(威廉华兹华斯): He published Lyrical Ballads 抒情诗歌 in collaboration with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It can be read as a declaratio

16、n of romanticism. Wordsworth is most celebrated for his poetry of nature. His love for nature is boundless. He is one of lake poets. Samuel Taylor Coleridge(塞缪尔柯尔律治): He is one of the lake poets. His representative work is The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子咏. Another well known poem is Kubla Khan（忽必

17、烈汗）. He and Wordsworth are regarded as two greatest progenitors(先驱) of the English Romantic spirit.George Gordon Byron(乔治戈登拜伦): Byron makes a great contribution to the English Literature, which is the literary figure of the “Byronic Hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. Don Juan唐璜

18、 is his masterpiece. Percy Bysshe Shelley(珀西比希雪莱): He is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language. He formed rebellious thoughts. Though he was very gentle by nature, he disgusted(厌恶) all the unjust things and tyranny of the governing class so he wrote many works

19、to express his rebellious thoughts. Queen Mab麦布女王 is his first important poem.John Keats(约翰济慈): He is considered as a remarkable master of lyrical poetry, a consummate(完美的) artist in poetical language, a singer and an advocate of the cult(狂热) of beauty, a writer of “pure poetry”, a sort of “art for

20、arts sake” dreamer who steeps(浸) himself in poetic fancy and fantasy and has little interest in social or political problems of his day. On First Looking into Chapman s Homer初读查普曼译荷马史诗is the most important of Keats early sonnets. Charles Lamb(查尔斯兰姆): Charles Lamb was a famous essayist in the English

21、 Romantic period. He is best known for his Essays of Elia伊利亚随笔选 and children s book Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亚故事集. Lamb has been referred as the most lovable figure in English literature, and his influence on the English essay can not be overestimated. Walter Scott(瓦尔特司各特): He is a famous historical

22、 novelist in the English Romantic period. Scott made his fame by his novels, which are not only characterized by romantic elements, but also are noted for their realistic description of historical events. Critics agreed that the English Romantic period ended when Scott died. Scott paves the way to r

23、ealism and marks the transition from Romanticism to Realism. Ivanhoe艾凡赫 is his representative work. Charles Dickens(查尔斯狄更斯): He is one of the greatest critical realists in the Victorian Age. He paid lots of attention to the social problems. He showed great sympathy and love for the poor people and e

24、xposed all the injustice, hypocrisy, corruption in the bourgeois society. Dombey and Son董贝父子and Bleak House荒凉山庄are two of his representative works. William Makepeace Thackeray(威廉麦克皮斯萨克雷): He is one of the greatest critical realists in the Victorian Age. He mainly described the lives of the upper and

25、 the middle classes. He was a cynic who saw no good in anything and doubted the goodness of human nature. Vanity Fair名利场 is his masterpiece. Lord Alfred Tennyson(阿尔弗雷德丁尼生): He is one of the “The Big Three” of Victorian poets. He was given the title of “Poet of the People”. His famous books are : Bre

26、ak, Break, Break拍吧，拍吧，拍吧， Ulysses尤利西斯，In Memnoriam A.H.H悼念Robert Browning(罗伯特布朗宁): He is considered to be the most original poet of the Victorian Age. He was bold and unconventional in matter and style. He is noteworthy for the dramatic monologue. In his dramatic monologues, he penetrates to the psy

27、chology of his characters and through their own speeches, he analyzes his characters and reveals the innermost(最深处的) secret of their lives. The poem My Last Duchess我已故的公爵夫人 is one of the most representative of his dramatic monologues. Matthew Arnold(马修阿诺德): He was both a British poet and a literary

28、critic. He has been characterized as a sage(圣人) writer, a type of writer who chastises(责骂) and instructs the reader on contemporary social issues. Arnold started his literary career as a poet and he became one of the typical poets in Victorian Age. His most famous poetry is Dover Beach多佛海滩. Most of

29、his poetic production is beautiful, often formally impressive. Charlotte Bronte(夏洛特勃朗特):She introduced the first governess(女家庭教师) novel in the history of English literature. She is the forerunner of the feminism. She gave voice to the feelings and aspirations of the educated women of her age. Jane E

30、yre is her masterpiece. She is one of “the Bronte sisters”. Thomas Hardy(托马斯哈代): Living at the turn of the century, he is often regarded as a transitional writer. His works reflect the transition of the English literature from the Victorian Age to Modern Age. Hardy started off the tradition of “regi

31、onal novels”. Most of his novels are set in Wessex, a fictional primitive region. He is the representative person of Naturalism. Tess of D Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝 is his masterpiece. George Bernard Shaw(乔治伯纳萧)：He is considered to be the best known English dramatist since William Shakespeare. Shaw was awar

32、ded the Nobel Price. He expressed his views on a variety of subjects with great frankness and wit. Shaw was strongly against the credo “Art for arts sake”. He held that art should serve social purpose by reflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people. Major Barbara芭芭拉少校 is one of his masterpieces. James Joyce(詹姆斯乔伊斯): He is one of the most prominent literary figures of the 20th century. His works shows a unique synthesis(综合) of realism, the “Stream of Consciousness” and