短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换.docx
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短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
1.borrowkeephavekept
2.gettoknowknowhaveknown
3.catchacoldhaveacoldhavehadacold
4.buyhavehavehad
5.diebedeadhavebeendead
6.openbeopenhavebeenopen
7.closebeclosedhavebeenclosed
8.getmarriedbemarriedhavebeenmarried
9.fallillbeillhavebeenill
10.fallasleepbeasleephavebeenasleep
11.leavesp.beawayfromsp.Havebeenawayfromsp.
12.returnbebackhavebeenback
13.gotobedbeinbedhavebeeninbed
14.cometotheislandbeontheislandhavebeenontheisland
15.gotosp./cometosp.beinsp.Havebeeninsp.
16.comeherebeherehavebeenhere
17.gotherebetherehavebeenthere
18.gooutbeouthavebeenout
19.getupbeuphavebeenup
20.start/beginbeonhavebeenon
21.finish/endbeoverhavebeenover
22.becomebehavebeen
23.joinbeamemberofhavebeenamemberof
beinhavebeenin
arrive→beherebegin(start)→beon
die→bedeadcomeback→beback
leave→beaway(from)fallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)
getup→beupgoout→beout
finish→beoverputon→wear或beon
open→beopenjoin→bein或beamemberof…
close→beclosedgotoschool→beastudent
borrow→keepbuy/get→have
catch(acold)→have(acold)
moveto→livein
cometo→bein
marry→bemarried
sitdown→beseated
dress→bedressed
finish/end→beover
gettoknow→know
begintostudy→study
cometowork→work
短暂性动词和延续性动词
可以从字面上理解,持续的动作就是延续动词,反之就是瞬间动词(短暂动词),这个有这种感觉还是很好理解的,你看看下面的词吧。
延续性动词:
live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance,sing,smoke
瞬间性动词:
open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish
终止性动词:
表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。
如:
begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。
终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用,因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
如:
haveacold是持续性动词,表示“状态”,可与表延续性的时间状语连用,不定冠词不能省略。
I′vehadacoldsincemyarrival.(到达n.)
Ididn′tgotoschoolbecauseIhadhadabadcoldfordays.
catchacold是短暂性动作,表“动态”:
它不能和延续性时间状语连用,不定冠词“a”可有可无,catch可用take,get代替。
.
但是,若cold前有形容词修饰时,则不定冠词不能省。
如:
Brownhastakenaslightcold.
注意下列句子:
Ihavecaughtacoldforoveraweek.(×)
Ihavehadacoldforoveraweek.()
2、延续性动词:
表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。
如:
be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。
延续性动词常不能和表示一个短暂具体的时间状语连用;这类动词如用于进行时态,则可以和表示一个短暂具体的时刻连用。
Heworkedateightyesterdayafternoon.(×)
Hewasworkingateightyesterdayafternoon.()
3、代替终止性动词的方法
a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词
1、用have代替buy
Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
Ihavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.
3、用be替代become
Howlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?
4、用haveacold代替catchacold
Tomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.
5、用wear代替puton
b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
1、be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall(get)ill
3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep
5、be+awake代wake/wakeup6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be+open代open8、beclosed代close/shut
9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词
1“be+on”代start,begin
2“be+up”代getup
3“be+back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto
4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等
d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo
2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy
3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto