西方经济学教学大纲1文档格式.docx

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西方经济学教学大纲1文档格式.docx

第一,坚持理论联系实际的教学方法,不断地吸收先进理论知识和最新经济理论和实践的动态,提高学生发现、分析和解决问题的能力。

第二,用实际案例进行分析讲解,力求化难为易,提高学生的学习兴趣。

第三,课程教学要突出重点。

本课程对初学者具有一定的难度,新概念多,理论性强,所以安排教学时突出重点、难点。

目前我们在《西方经济学》双语课程中使用的教材是Microeconomics(RobertS.PindycandDanielL.Rubinfeld)(英文第六版),Macroeconomics(N.GregoryMankiw)(英文第5版)。

本课程旨在对西方经济学的整个理论框架作完整而系统的介绍。

Microeconomics原教材共18章,我们根据中国学生特点,选取了其中的17章,第一个学期讲授讲授50学时,Macroeconomics共19章全讲,第一个学期讲授讲授50学时,总共100个学时。

一、教学内容和学时分配

Microeconomics(微观经济学)

Chapter1Preliminaries(第1章 绪论)(2学时)

Chapter2TheBasicsofSupplyandDemand(2学时)

(第2章 供给和需求的基本原理)

Chapter3ConsumerBehavior(第3章 消费者行为)(2学时)

Chapter4IndividualandMarketDemand(2学时)

(第4章个别需求和市场需求)

Chapter5ChoiceunderUncertainty(第5章 不确定条件下的选择)(2学时)

Chapter6Production(第6章 生产)(2学时)

Chapter7TheCostofProduction(第7章 生产成本)(2学时)

Chapter8ProfitMaximizationandCompetitiveSupply(4学时)

(第8章利润最大化和竞争性供给)

Chapter9TheAnalysisofCompetitiveMarkets(4学时)

(第9章竞争性市场分析)

Chapter10MarketPower:

MonopolyandMonopsony(4学时)

(第10章 市场势力:

垄断和买方垄断)

Chapter11PricingwithMarketPower(第11章有市场势力的定价)(4学时)

Chapter12MonopolisticCompetitionandOligopoly(4学时)

(第12章 垄断竞争和寡头垄断)

Chapter13GameTheoryandCompetitiveStrategy(4学时)

(第13章 博弈论和竞争策略)

Chapter14MarketsforFactorInputs(第14章 要素投入品市场)(2学时)

Chapter16GeneralEquilibriumandEconomicEfficiency(2学时)

(第16章 一般均衡与经济效率)

Chapter17MarketswithAsymmetricInformation(4学时)

(第17章 信息不对称的市场)

Chapter18ExternalitiesandPublicGoods(4学时)

(第18章外在性与公共物品)

Macroeconomics(宏观经济学)

Chapter1TheScienceofMacroeconomics(2学时)

(第1章宏观经济学的科学)

Chapter2TheDataofMacroeconomics(第2章宏观经济学的数据)(2学时)

Chapter3WhereNationalIncomecomesfromandgoes(2学时)

(第3章国民收入:

源自何处,去向何方)

ch4Moneyandinflation(第4章货币与通货膨胀)(2学时)

Ch5Theopeneconomy(第5章开放的经济)(2学时)

ch6Unemployment(第6章失业)(2学时)

ch07Economicgrowth1(第7章经济增长I)(4学时)

ch08Economicgrowth2(第8章经济增长II)(4学时)

ch09IntroductiontoEconomicfluctuations(第9章经济波动导论)(4学时)

Chapter10AggregatedemandI(第10章总需求I)(4学时)

Chapter11AggregatedemandII(第11章总需求II)(2学时)

Chapter12Aggregatedemandinopeneconomy(3学时)

(第12章开放经济中的总需求)

Chapter13Aggregatesupply(第13章总供给)(3学时)

Chapter14StabilizationPolicy(第14章稳定政策)(3学时)

Chapter15GovernmentDebtandBudgetDeficits(3学时)

(第15章政府债务与预算赤字)

Chapter16Consumption(第16章消费)(2学时)

Chapter17Investment(第17章投资)(2学时)

Chapter18MoneysupplyandmonetaryPolicy(2学时)

(第18章货币供给与货币政策)

Chapter19AdvancesinBusinesscycletheory(2学时)

(第19章经济周期理论的进展)

二、教学大纲

在这一部分,我们逐章介绍各章的教学目的、要求以及应该掌握的基本内容。

这些内容是要求学生所要掌握的。

Microeconomics(微观经济学)

Chapter1Preliminariesdiscussestherangeofproblemsthatmicroeconomicsaddresses,andthekindsofanswersitcanprovide.Italsoexplainswhatamarketis,howwedeterminetheboundariesofamarket,andhowwemeasuremarketprice.

Teachingnotes:

Thefirsttwochaptersreacquaintstudentswiththemicroeconomicsthattheylearnedintheirintroductorycourse:

Chapter1focusesonthegeneralsubjectofeconomics,whileChapter2developssupplyanddemandanalysis.TheuseofexamplesinChapter1facilitatesstudents’completeunderstandingofabstracteconomicconcepts.Examplesinthischapterdiscussmarketsforprescriptiondrugs(Section1.2),introductionofanewautomobile(Section1.4),designofautomobileemissionstandards(Section1.4),theminimumwage(Section1.3),themarketforsweeteners(Section1.3),andrealandnominalpricesofeggsandeducation(Section1.3).Discussingsomeofthese,oranother,exampleisausefulwaytoreviewsomeimportanteconomicconceptssuchasscarcity,makingtradeoffs,buildingeconomicmodelstoexplainhowconsumersandfirmsmakedecisions,andthedistinctionbetweencompetitiveandnon-competitivemarkets.PartsIandIIofthetextassumecompetitivemarkets,marketpowerisdiscussedinPartIII,andsomeconsequencesofmarketpowerarediscussedinPartIVofthetext.

ReviewQuestion

(2)illustratesthedifferencebetweenpositiveandnormativeeconomicsandprovidesforaproductiveclassdiscussion.OtherexamplesfordiscussionareavailableinKearl,Pope,Whiting,andWimmer,“AConfusionofEconomists,”AmericanEconomicReview(May1979).

Thechapterconcludeswithadiscussionofrealandnominalprices.Givenourrelianceondollarpricesinthechaptersthatfollow,studentsshouldunderstandthatweareconcernedwithpricesrelativetoastandard,whichinthiscaseisdollarsforaparticularyear.

Chapter2TheBasicsofSupplyandDemandcoversoneofthemostimportanttoolsofmicroeconomics:

supply-demandanalysis.Itexplainhowacompetitivemarketworksandhowsupplyanddemanddeterminethepricesandquantitiesofgoods.Italsoshowhowsupply-demandanalysiscanbeusedtodeterminetheeffectsofchangingmarketconditions,includinggovernmentintervention.

Thischapterreviewsthebasicsofsupplyanddemandthatstudentsshouldbefamiliarwithfromtheirintroductoryeconomicsclass.Theinstructorcanchoosetospendmoreorlesstimeonthischapterdependingonhowmuchofareviewthestudentsrequire.Thischapterdepartsfromthestandardtreatmentofsupplyanddemandbasicsfoundinmostotherintermediatemicroeconomicstextbooksbydiscussingsomeoftheworld’smostimportantmarkets(wheat,gasoline,andautomobiles)andteachingstudentshowtoanalyzethesemarketswiththetoolsofsupplyanddemand.Thereal-worldapplicationsofthistheorycanbeenlighteningforstudents.

Someproblemsplaguetheunderstandingofsupplyanddemandanalysis.Oneofthemostcommonsourcesofconfusionisbetweenmovementsalongthedemandcurveandshiftsindemand.Throughadiscussionoftheceterisparibusassumption,stressthatwhenrepresentingademandfunction(eitherwithagraphoranequation),allothervariablesareheldconstant.Movementsalongthedemandcurveoccuronlywithchangesinprice.Astheomittedfactorschange,theentiredemandfunctionshifts.Itmayalsobehelpfultopresentanexampleofademandfunctionthatdependsnotonlyonthepriceofthegood,butalsoonincomeandthepriceofothergoodsdirectly.Thishelpsstudentsunderstandthattheseothervariablesareactuallyinthedemandfunction,andaremerelylumpedintotheintercepttermofthesimplelineardemandfunction.Example2.9includesanexampleofademandandsupplyfunctionwhicheachdependonthepriceofasubstitutegood.Studentsmayalsofindareviewofhowtosolvetwoequationswithtwounknownshelpful.Ingeneral,itisagoodideaatthispointtodecideonthelevelofmaththatyouwilluseintheclass.Ifyouplantousealotofalgebraandcalculusitisagoodideatointroduceandreviewitearlyon.

Tostressthequantitativeaspectsofthedemandcurvetostudents,makethedistinctionbetweenquantitydemandedasafunctionofprice,Q=D(P),andtheinversedemandfunction,wherepriceisafunctionofthequantitydemanded,P=D-1(Q).ThismayclarifythepositioningofpriceontheY-axisandquantityontheX-axis.

Studentsmayalsoquestionhowthemarketadjuststoanewequilibrium.Onesimplemechanismisthepartial-adjustmentcobwebmodel.Adiscussionofthecobwebmodel(basedontraditionalcorn-hogcycleoranyotherexample)addsacertainrealismtothediscussionandismuchappreciatedbystudents.Ifyoudecidetowritedownthedemandfunctionsothatincomeandotherpricesarevisiblevariablesinthedemandfunction,youcanalsodosomeinterestingexamples,whichexplorethelinkagesbetweenmarketsandhowchangesinonemarketaffectpriceandquantityinothermarkets.

Althoughthischapterintroducesdemand,income,andcross-priceelasticities,youmayfinditmoreappropriatetoreturntoincomeandcross-priceelasticityafterdemandelasticityisreintroducedinChapter4.Studentsinvariablyhaveadifficulttimewiththeconceptofelasticity.Itishelpfultoexplainclearlywhyafirmmaybeinterestedinestimatingelasticity.Useconcreteexamples.Forexample,aWallStreetJournalarticlebackinthespringof1998discussedhowelasticitycouldbeusedbythemovieindustrysothatdifferentmoviescouldhavedifferentticketprices.Thisexampletendstogooverwellascollegestudentswatchalotofmovies.Thistypeofdiscussioncanalsobepostponeduntilrevenueisdiscussed.

Chapter3ConsumerBehaviorandChapter4IndividualandMarketDemandexplaintheprinciplesunderlyingconsumerdemand.Weseehowconsumersmakeconsumptiondecisions,howtheirpreferencesandbudgetconstraintsdeterminetheirdemandsforvariousgoods,andwhydifferentgoodshavedifferentdemandcharacteristics.

Chapter3teachingnotes:

buildsthefoundationforderivingthedemandcurveinChapter4.Inordertounderstanddemandtheory,studentsmusthaveafirmgraspofindifferencecurves,themarginalrateofsubstitution,thebudgetline,andoptimalconsumerchoice.Itispossibletodiscussconsumerchoicewithoutgoingintoextensivedetailonutilitytheory.Manystudentsfindutilityfunctionstobeamoreabstractconceptthanpreferencerelationships.However,ifyouplantodiscussuncertaintyinChapter5,youwillneedtocovermarginalutility(section3.5).Evenifyoucoverutilitytheoryonlybriefly,makesurestudentsarecomfortablewiththetermutilitybecauseitappearsfrequentlyinChapter4.

Whenintroducingindifferencecurves,stressthatphysicalquan

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