陕西省高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题六 信息匹配Word文档格式.docx

陕西省高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题六 信息匹配Word文档格式.docx

《陕西省高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题六 信息匹配Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《陕西省高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题六 信息匹配Word文档格式.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

tbecontradictory.

D．Bringittoaspecificend.

E．Speakslowlyandpause.

F．Dropunnecessarywords.

Speakingtoagroupcanbedifficult，butlisteningtoabadspeechistrulyatiresometask—especiallywhenthespeakerisconfusing.Don'

twanttoconfuseyouraudience？

Followthesesuggestions：

1．

Whenitcomestounderstandingnewinformation，thehumanbrainneedsalittletime.First，wehearthewords；

then，wecomparethenewinformationtowhatwealreadyknow.Ifthetwoaredifferent，weneedtopauseandthink.Butabreathlessspeakerneverstopstoletusthinkaboutwhatheorsheissayingandrisksconfusingus.Slowitdown.Andbreathe.

2．

Sometimesweallstartasentenceonewayandthenswitchdirections，whichisverydifficulttofollow.Whenyouconfuseyourlistenerswithopposinginformation，youleavetheaudiencewonderingwhatpartoftheinformationisrightandwhatparttheyshouldremember.Insteadofrelyingonkeepingcorrectingyourself，worktogetthefactsclearandstraight.

3．

Jumpingfrompointtopointasitcomestoyourmindputstheonus（责任）onyourlistenerstomakeupforyourlackoforganisation.Andit'

sconfusingforthemtolisten，reorganise，andfigureoutwhatyou'

resayingallatonce.Butgoingsmoothlyfromonepointtothenexthelpsthemunderstandinformationmoreeasily.Youcanarrangethingsfrombeginningtoend，smalltolarge，toptobottomorbysomeotherorder.Justbesuretoorganise.

4．

Repeateduseofum，ah，like，youknowandsomeotheruselessnoisescandriveanaudiencecrazy.Itmakesthespeakersounduncertainandunprepared，anditcanleavelistenerssoannoyedthattheycan'

tpayattention.RecentlyIattendedaspeechthatwasmarkedbysomanyumsthataudiencememberswererollingtheireyes.Wasanybodygraspingtheintendedmessage？

Um，probablynot.

5．

Manyspeakersfinishuptheirspeecheswithquestionandanswer（Q&

A）sessions，butsomelettheQ&

Agoonwithoutaclearend.Theaudienceisoftenleftconfusedaboutwhetherthemeetingisoverandwhentheycangetupandleave.Doyourlistenersafavourbysettingatimelimitonquestions，andcloseyourspeechwithaspecificsignal—evenifit'

ssomethingsimplelike，“Ifyouhaveanymorequestions，youknowwheretoreachme.”

Orevenmoretothepoint，concludeyourspeechwith“Thanksforyourtime.”

（二）

上海高考）

A．Whenachildshouldlearntoread

B．Whyitisfuntoteachachildreading

C．Whatifachildhasreadingproblems

D．Howyouprepareayoungchildforreading

E．Whatisthebestwaytoteachachildreading

F．Whetherreadingearlypromiseslaterachievements

Learningtoreadearlyhasbecomeoneofthoseindicators—inparents'

mindsatleast—thattheirchildissmart.Infact，readingearlyhasverylittletodowithwhetherachildissuccessfulacademically.Researchhasshownthatdifficultywithreadingisoftenduenottoinferiorintelligencebuttodifferencesinthedevelopmentalwiringofeachindividualchild.Insomecases，thereareneurologicalproblemsanddevelopmentallagsthatcanbeovercomewithpropertraining.

Traditionally，Americanschoolsteachchildrenatagesix，butmanyschoolsbeginteachinginformallyinkindergartenandprekindergarten.Ifparentsstarttooearlytoencouragereading，andachilddoesnotimmediatelysucceed，theparenthasahardtimerelaxingandlettingthechildgoathisorherownpace.

Overtheyears，researchhasprovedthattheuseofboththe“wholelanguage”methodandthe“phonic”methodworksbestforachildtomasterreading.Whilethewholelanguageapproach，whichincludesreadingtochildrenandgettingtheminterestedinboththeactivityofreadingandthestorytheyarereading，ishelpful，phonicsmustbetaught.Childrenmustbetaughtthatoneofthesquigglestheyseeisa“p”andanothera“b”．Gettingtheprintoffthepagerequiresadifferentabilitythanbeingabletounderstandthemeaningofwhatiswritten.

Youcanstartdevelopingtheskillsneededinreadingataveryyoungagewithoutputtinganypressureonchildren.Besidesreadingtothem，parentscanstart“eartraining”theirchildbyplayingrhymegames.Thisdevelopsthechild'

sabilitytorecognizedifferentsounds.Inreadingtochildren，parentsalsocanpointtowordsastheygo，teachingthechildthatthefunnylinesonthepagearethewordsyouaresaying.Allthisshouldbeafunactivity.

Onceachildisinschool，thelearningofreadingisinevitablymoreserious.Forchildrenwhohavesomekindofreadingdifficulty，youmustgetaprofessionaldiagnosis.Whiletheteachermightsaythechildismerelydisinterestedbutwillgetoverit，disinterestorpoorperformanceinreadingcanstemfromanumberofthings，somebeingveryspecificlearningdisabilitiesthatcanbeidentifiedandworkedon.Butitisverytrickyforparentstodealwiththeirownchild'

slearningdisabilities.

考向分析

“信息匹配题”出现在阅读理解第二节，主要考查考生对文章整体内容把握及对段落大意的归纳和概括能力。

这道题既考查了考生的快速阅读能力，又考查了考生获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的综合运用英语的能力。

其具体特点如下：

1．选文以说明文或议论文为主，其材料基本保留了原有的语言风格，因此词汇量较大；

文章较长（400词左右），所含信息量也很大。

2．文章结构简单，层次分明，每段谈论一个问题，中心明确，大多段落有中心句。

3．选项简明扼要，主要以词数不多的短语或句子呈现。

有一项为多余选项，并且个别选项之间有交叉重叠的部分，这就需要学生能够抓住主要信息或关键词语，对其进行区别辨析。

答题步骤

1．细读选项，抓关键信息点

六选五的答案选项只多出一项，并且给出的都是短语或句子，我们可以通过阅读选项，把选项中的关键词汇（名词，动词，形容词和副词等）标记出来，从而方便找出各段落和选项的匹配点。

2．通读全文，理清各段落间逻辑关系

通读全文，理清各段落之间的关系。

阅读时要特别注意文章有没有标题，以及利用各段的首句和尾句抓住段落大意。

3．分析易混段落及选项，确定答案

有时个别选项和段落之间有一定的关联，甚至不容易区分。

这时我们就应详细分析相关选项使其不同点无限扩大，同时可以回归文章主题。

4．复查匹配信息，确保无误

如果时间允许，可将所选的项目与段落再次进行对比、匹配，检查和避免一些疏漏和错误之处。

技法指导

1．阅读各段落时一定要抓住关键句，千万不要把注意力过多地放在一些生词上，应注意整体理解，同时注意各句之间的并列、转折、递进等关系。

2．先易后难，逐个解决

做此题时，由于其文体特点及考试的要求，考生可以先处理比较容易的段落，不必按部就班，拘泥于文章的段落顺序。

3．选一个划一个，减少干扰。

同时可以缩小后面题的选择范围，提高做题的速度和准确性。

误区警示

（2012陕西省《考试说明》所附信息匹配样题）

根据短文内容，从下框的A～F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。

选项中有一项为多余项。

A．Acarefulanalysisbiologically

B．Whatisglobalwarming？

C．Solutiontotheterrifyingresult

D．Greaterdangerofextinction

E．Manyshockingthingswerefound.

F．Ashockingreport

61．

Theearthisgettingwarmer.Peopleburncoal，oilandgasandthisproducescarbondioxide，methane（沼气）andnitrousoxide.Thesegases，called“greenhousegases”，preventtheheatofthesunfromleavingtheearth'

supperatmosphereandthismakestheearthwarmer.

62．

Afewweeksagoagroupofscientistsproducedareportaboutglobalwarmingandthenaturalworld.Theywantedtofindoutifglobalwarmingwasdangerousforplantsandanimals.Accordingtowhattheyfound，thescientistssaythatduringthenext50yearsabout25%oflandanimalsandplantswillbecomeextinct（灭绝）．Morethanamillionplantandanimalspecies（物种）willbeextinctby2050.

63．

Morethan10%ofallplantsandanimalswillbecomeextinct.Itistoolatetosavemanyplantsandanimalsbecauseofthegreenhousegasesthatarealreadyintheatmosphere.Butthescientistssayifwecontrolgreenhousegasesnow，wecouldsavemanymoreplantsandanimalsfromextinction.

64．

Thescientistsstudiedsomeregionsoftheworldwithaveryrichbiology.TheseregionswereEurope，Australia，CentralandSouthAmerica，andSouthAfrica.Theirstudiesshowedthatspecieslivinginmountainousareashadabetterchanceofsurvivalbecausetheycouldmoveuphill，togetcooler.Inflatareas，suchasdeserts，plantsandanimalswouldhavetomoveaverylongdistancetogetcooler，sotheyareingreaterdangerofextinction.

65．

Thescientistsfoundthathalfofthe24speciesofbutterfliestheystudiedinAustraliawouldsoonbecomeextinct.60%ofthespeciesintheKrugerNationalParkinSouthAfricawouldalsodieout，andmorethan100%ofthe300SouthAfricaplantspeciestheystudiedwouldalsobecomeextinct.OneoftheplantsindangerofextinctionisthenationalflowerofSouthAfrica，theKingProtea.Theystudied163treespeciesintheCerradoregionofBrazilandfoundthat70wouldbecomeextinct.Manyoftheplantsandtreesthatliveinthisregionlivenowhereelseintheworld.InMexico，theystudied1,870speciesandfoundthatmorethan30%ofthesewereindangerofextinction.

答案：

BFCAE

错混辨析：

1．关键信息点词汇理解失误

62．F　首先要看到本段第一句话中的“report”一词可知本段介绍报告，接着文中提到一些数据，由这些数据可知，这是一个令人（shocking）震惊的报告，所以本段的主旨大意与F项匹配。

D项有干扰，由于段落中出现了“dangerous”和“extinct”这两个词汇，而D项“Greaterdangerofextinction”（灭绝的巨大危险）中有和本段重合的词汇。

但本段并未提及到具体的危险。

2．个别段落理解以偏概全

64．A　本段第一句就讲到有关生物方面的研究，再看看后面的研究报告中的分析，就可以断定本段的主旨大意是A项。

本题易误选D项，虽然D项出现在本段最后一句，但不能概括本段的主旨。

65．E　快速浏览最后一段，可以发现里面有大量数据，而这些数据正是反映全球变暖所引起的物种大灭绝的可怕事实，所以本段主旨大意应该是E项。

如果不细心思考，很可能会选D项，原因是最后一段中多次出现“extinct”和“extinction”。

西安八校联考）

A．Thelocationofthegreenbuilding

B．Theattitudeoftheauthortothegreenbuilding

C．Greenbuildingswillbecomepopularinthefuture.

D．Thedefinitionofagreenbuilding

E．Thedevelopmentofthegreenbuilding

F．Theexampleofagreenbuilding

Thesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuildingcanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses，factories，andoffices.Agreenbuildingmeans“reducingtheimpact（影响）ofthebuildingontheland”，TarynHolowkaoftheU．S.GreenBuildingCouncilinWashington，D.C.，said.

AccordingtoHolowaka，buildingsaccountfor65percentofthetotalU．S.electricityuse.Butgreenbuildingscanreduceenergyandwateruse.Also，thebuildingsareoftenlocatednearpublictransportationsuchasbusesandsubways，sothatpeoplecandrivetheircarsless.Thatcouldbegoodfortheenvironment，becausecarsuselotsofgasandgiveoffpollution.Greenbuildingsareoftenbuiltondevelopedland，sothatthebuildingsdon'

tdestroyforests.

MaryDettlingisaprojectmanagerforthebuildingthatputtheseideasintoaction.TheSolairehasbeencalledthecountry'

sfirstgreenhighrisebuilding.AccordingtoDettling，“We'

vereducedourenergyus