四级冲刺笔记Word文档格式.docx

四级冲刺笔记Word文档格式.docx

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D）ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being

同义替换：

1、changing=removing

2、unhealthy=bad

3、behaviors=livinghabits

intermsof…=whenitcomesto…关于……；

当谈及……的时候，就……

例2：

Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom（limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel）thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey’re“doingsomething.”ConsidertheKyotoProtocol（京都议定书）.Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn’t.Butithasn’treducedCO2emissions（upabout25%since1990）,andmanysignatories（签字国）didn’tadopttoughenoughtohittheir2008-2012targets.

Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,______.

A）politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation

B）fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse

C）reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming

D）internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems

1、signatories=nations

2、didn’t=few

3、policies=measures

4、tohittheir2008-2012targets=limitenergyuse

alittle/afew少量

little/few否定

例3：

Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand（缕）ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.

Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery?

A）One’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.

B）Aperson’shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived

C）Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.

偷换概念（identify不等于trackthemovements）

D）Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.

1、determine=reveal

2、whereapersonhaslived=wheretheyhavelived

3、roughly=may

例4：

Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandamapoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.

Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofrainsystems.

WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch?

A）Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.

1、showing=of

2、produce=constructed

B）Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.（不符合题干要求）

1、Acollectionof=collected

2、65=various

C）Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.

D）Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.

D）Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.

例5：

ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,”saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardultimatelypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist（活动家）whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:

fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.

WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?

A）Thepoliticalcorrectness.

B）Theirabilitytoraisefunds.

C）Theirfameinacademiccircles.

D）Theiradministrativeexperience.

2、个人观点

Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.“Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:

itiscalledprematuredeath.”

WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?

A）Theymayincreasepublicexpenses.

B）Theywillsavemoneyinthelongrun.

C）Theymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmen.

D）Theywillenablementoliveaslongaswomen.

cheaper=savemoney

Dunnsaysalotoftheseyoungpeoplearenevergoingtogetoutfromundertheircreditcarddebt.“Manypeopleareborrowingoncreditcardssoheavilythatpayoffratesattheselevelsarenotsufficienttorecovertheircreditcarddebtbytheendoftheirlife,whichcouldhavelossimplicationsforthecreditcardissuingbanks.”

WhatdoesLuciaDunnthinkmightberiskforthecreditcardissuingbanks?

A）Theygobankruptasaresultofover-lending.

B）Theyloselargenumbersoftheirregularclients.

C）Theirclientsleavetheirdebtsunpaidupondeath.

D）Theirinterestrateshavetobereducednowandthen.

1、clients=manypeople

2、arenotsufficienttorecovertheircreditcard=unpaid

3、bytheendoftheirlife=upondeath

3、因果关系

From2003to2050,theworld’spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions（mainly,CO2）willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat’stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld’spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse’slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.

Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof______.

A）economicgrowth

B）thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoor

C）wastefuluseofenergy

D）therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology

Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:

youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics,youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis—typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomen1andaremorelikelytodrinkandsmoke2—butperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor3.

Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?

A）mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomen.（不符合题干要求，不是重要原因）

B）mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomen.

C）menaren’tascautionsaswomeninfaceofdanger.

D）menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldiseases.

gotothedoctor=seekmedicalcare

In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane—thearealeastsubjecttoimpact—fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells（起落架舱）.Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,（whichwereneveractuallyblack）,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.

Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?

A）Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythattime.

B）Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.

C）Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.

D）Theearlymodelsdidn'

tprovidetheneededdata.

failedtowithstand=gotdamaged

Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurs.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.

Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.

Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?

A）Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.

B）Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.

C）Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.

D）Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable.

bringsinhugeprofits=salivate（垂涎）overtheprofits

In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane—thearealeastsubjecttoimpact—fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells（起落架舱）.Thesameyear,theFederalAviation