语言学概论考试重点选择填空判断Word下载.docx
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36.Saussuretooka(n)___A_______viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.
A.sociological…psychologicalB.psychological…sociological
C.applied…pragmaticD.semanticandlinguistic
37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,_C___referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.Language
38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_______B__andmeanings.
A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas
39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled___A______,
A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibilityD.culturaltransmission
40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough_D__,ratherthanbyinstinct.
A.learningB.teachingC.booksD.bothAandB
Chapter2
35.Ofallthespeechorgans,the___C____is/arethemostflexible.
A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords
36.Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare__A__sounds.
A.voicelessB.voicedC.vowelD.consonantal
37.____B______isavoicedalveolarstop.
A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/
38.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones___D_________.
A.identicalB.sameC.exactlyalikeD.similar39.Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe_____A______.
A.inphonemiccontrastB.incomplementarydistribution
C.theallophoneD.minimalpair
40.Thesound/f/is_______D__________.
A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarstop
C.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricative
41.A__C__vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.
A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle
42.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.ThephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledC____.
A.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituentsC.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures43.A(n)______D_____isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.
A.phoneB.soundC.allophoneD.phoneme
44.Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe_D___ofthatphoneme.
A.phonesB.soundsC.phonemesD.allophones
Chapter3
21.Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa(n)____D__.
A.boundmorphemeB.boundform
C.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme
22.Thecompoundword“bookstore”istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompound______D____.
A.isthesumtotalofthemeaningofitscomponents
B.canalwaysbeworkedoutbylookingatthemeaningsofmorphemes
C.isthesameasthemeaningofafreephrase.
D.Noneoftheabove.
23.Thepartofspeechofthecompoundsisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechof___B_______.
A.thefirstelementB.thesecondelement
C.eitherthefirstorthesecondelementD.boththefirstandthesecondelements.
24.___B____arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.
A.FreemorphemesB.BoundmorphemesC.BoundwordsD.Words
25._____C____isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
A.SyntaxB.GrammarC.MorphologyD.Morpheme
26.Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis___C___.
A.lexicalB.morphemicC.grammaticalD.semantic
27.Boundmorphemesarethosethat_____D______.
A.havetobeusedindependentlyB.cannotbecombinedwithothermorphemes
C.caneitherbefreeorboundD.havetobecombinedwithothermorphemes.
28.___A_modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.
A.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.RootsD.Affixes
29.____B____areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.
A.WordsB.MorphemesC.PhonemesD.Sentences
30.“-s”intheword“books”is__C_____.
A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.aroot
Chapter4
25.Asentenceisconsidered__D__whenitdoesnotconformtothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.
A.rightB.wrongC.grammaticalD.ungrammatical
26.A____D______intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.
A.coordinatorB.particleC.prepositionD.subordinator
27.Phrasestructureruleshave_A___properties.
A.recursiveB.grammaticalC.socialD.functional
28.Phrasestructurerulesallowustobetterunderstand___D__________.
A.howwordsandphrasesformsentences.
B.whatconstitutesthegrammaticalityofstringsofwords
C.howpeopleproduceandrecognizepossiblesentences
D.Alloftheabove.
29.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalled___A_____.
A.transformationalrulesB.generativerulesC.phrasestructurerulesD.x-bartheory
30.Thetheoryofcaseconditionaccountsforthefactthat____A______.
A.nounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.
B.nounphrasescanbeusedtomodifyanothernounphrase
C.nounphrasecanbeusedinadverbialpositions
D.nounphrasecanbemovedtoanyplaceifnecessary.
31.Thesentencestructureis_____D___.
A.onlylinearB.OnlyhierarchicalC.complexD.bothlinearandhierarchical
32.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare_C_innumber.
A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite
33.The_____D___rulesaretherulesthatgroupwordsandphrasestoformgrammaticalsentences.
A.lexicalB.morphologicalC.linguisticD.combinational
34.______B_rulesmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.
A.Generative(可生性)B.Transformational(转换性)C.X-barD.Phrasestructure
Chapter5
21.Thenamingtheoryisadvancedby__A______.
A.PlatoB.BloomfieldC.GeoffreyLeechD.Firth
22.“Weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.”Thisstatementrepresents____B___.
A.theconceptualist概念论者viewB.contexutalismC.thenamingtheoryD.behaviourism行为主义
22.
23.
23.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
A.Senseisconcernedwiththeinherent固有的,内在的meaningofthelinguisticform.
B.Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.
C.Senseisabstractandde-contextualized.
D.Senseistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompilersarenotinterestedin.
24.“CanIborrowyourbike?
”_____D__“Youhaveabike.”
A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes
25._______B____isawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.
A.PredicationanalysisB.ComponentialanalysisC.PhonemicanalysisD.Grammaticalanalysis
26.“alive”and“dead”are______C________.
A.gradableantonymsB.relationaloppositesC.complementaryantonymsD.Noneoftheabove
27.____A_____dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.
A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SemanticsD.Sense
28.______C_____referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.A.PolysemyB.SynonymyC.HomonymyD.Hyponymy
29.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled_______D_______.
A.homonymsB.polysemyC.hyponymsD.synonyms
30.Thegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedby___A____.
A.grammaticalrulesB.selectionalrestrictionsC.semanticrulesD.semanticfeatures
Chapter6
25.__A_______doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.A.PragmaticsB.SemanticsC.SenserelationD.Concept
26.Themeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething___C____intraditionalsemantics语义学.
A.Contextual上下文的B.Behaviouristic行动主义的C.intrinsic固有的D.logical27.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemantics语义学andpragmatics语用学iswhetherinthestudyofmeaning__D_______isconsidered.
A.referenceB.speechactC.practicalusage实际使用D.context
28.Asentenceisa___B______concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation孤立.
26.A.pragmaticB.grammaticalC.mentalD.conceptual29.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutter完全的,彻底的inthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa(n)__C_______.
A.constativeB.directiveC.utteranceD.expressive
30.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
B
A.Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.
B.Someutterances言论cannotberestoredtocompletesentences.
C.Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.
D.Allutterancescanberestoredtocomplete