语言学概论考试重点选择填空判断Word下载.docx

1、36.Saussure took a （n）_A_ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a _ point of view. A. sociologicalpsychological B. psychologicalsociological C. applied pragmatic D.semantic and linguistic 37. According to F. de Saussure, _C_ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the

2、 members of a speech community.A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language 38. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _B_ and meanings. A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas 39. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situatio

3、ns of the speaker. This feature is called_A_, A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission40.The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through _D_, rather than by instinct. A. learning B. teaching C. books D. both A and B Chapter 235 Of all

4、 the speech organs, the _C_ is/ are the most flexible. A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords 36The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _A_ sounds. A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal 37_B_ is a voiced alveolar stop. A. /z/ B. /d/ C. /k/ D./b/ 38The assimilation rule

5、assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _D_. A. identical B. same C. exactly alike D. similar 39Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _A_. A.

6、 in phonemic contrast B. in complementary distribution C. the allophone D. minimal pair 40The sound /f/ is _D_. A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodental fricative 41. A _C_ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue

7、 maintaining the highest position. A. back B. central C. front D. middle 42. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called C_. A. phonetic components B. immediate constituents C.

8、 suprasegmental features D. semantic features 43. A（n） _D_ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features. A. phone B. sound C. allophone D. phoneme 44 The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments

9、 are called the _D_ of that phoneme. A. phones B. sounds C. phonemes D. allophones Chapter 321. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a（n） _D_. A. bound morpheme B. bound formC. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 22. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are s

10、old. This indicates that the meaning of a compound _D_.A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.23. The part of speech of the compounds is generally deter

11、mined by the part of speech of _B_.A. the first element B. the second elementC. either the first or the second element D. both the first and the second elements.24. _B_ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. F

12、ree morphemes B. Bound morphemes C. Bound words D. Words25. _C_ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A. Syntax B.Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme26.The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _C_. A. lexical B. morphemi

13、c C. grammatical D. semantic 27. Bound morphemes are those that _D_. A. have to be used independently B. can not be combined with other morphemes C. can either be free or bound D. have to be combined with other morphemes. 28. _A_ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of

14、speech of the original word. A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes 29. _ B_ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences 30. “-s” in the word “books” is _C_. A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional

15、 affix D. a root Chapter 425. A sentence is considered _D_ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers. A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical 26. A _D_ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A.

16、coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinator 27. Phrase structure rules have _A_ properties. A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional 28. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _D_. A. how words and phrases form sentences. B. what constitutes the grammaticality of

17、strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. All of the above. 29. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _A_. A. transformational rules B. generative rules C. phrase structure rules D. x-bar theory 30. The theory of case condition accounts for the

18、 fact that _A_. A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase C. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions D. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary. 31. The sentence structure is _D_. A. only linear B. Only hi

19、erarchical C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical 32. The syntactic rules of any language are _C_ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite 33. The _D_ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.A. lexical B. morphological C. linguistic D. combination

20、al 34._B_ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. A. Generative（可生性） B. Transformational（转换性） C. X-bar D. Phrase structure Chapter 521. The naming theory is advanced by _A_. A. Plato B. Bloomfield C. Geoffrey Leech D. Firth 22. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” Thi

21、s statement represents _B_. A. the conceptualist概念论者 view B. contexutalism C. the naming theory D.behaviourism 行为主义22. 23. 23. Which of the following is not true?A. Sense is concerned with the inherent固有的，内在的 meaning of the linguistic form. B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the lingu

22、istic form. C. Sense is abstract and de-contextualized. D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in. 24. “Can I borrow your bike?” _D_ “ You have a bike.” A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes 25. _B_ is a way in which the meaning of

23、 a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. A. Predication analysis B. Componential analysis C. Phonemic analysis D. Grammatical analysis 26. “alive” and “dead” are _C_. A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above 27. _A

24、_ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. A. Reference B. Concept C. Semantics D. Sense 28. _C_ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. A. Polysemy B. Synonymy C. Homonymy D. Hyponymy29. Words th

25、at are close in meaning are called _D_. A. homonyms B. polysemy C. hyponyms D. synonyms 30. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _A_. A. grammatical rules B. selectional restrictions C. semantic rules D. semantic features Chapter 625. _A_ does not study meaning in isolation, but in contex

26、t. A. Pragmatics B. Semantics C. Sense relation D. Concept 26. The meaning of language was considered as something _C_ in traditional semantics语义学. A. Contextual上下文的 B. Behaviouristic行动主义的 C. intrinsic 固有的 D. logical 27. What essentially distinguishes semantics语义学 and pragmatics语用学 is whether in the

27、 study of meaning _D_ is considered. A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage实际使用 D. context 28. A sentence is a _B_ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation孤立. 26. A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. mental D. conceptual 29. If we think of a sentence as what people actua

28、lly utter完全的，彻底的 in the course of communication, it becomes a（n） _C_. A. constative B. directive C. utterance D. expressive 30. Which of the following is true? B A. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences. B. Some utterances言论 cannot be restored to complete sentences. C. No utterances can take the form of sentences. D. All utterances can be restored to complete