综合英语二课文上册Word格式.docx

综合英语二课文上册Word格式.docx

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theonlythingIeverlearnedinschoolaboutNapoleonswasthat 

theUnitedStatesmadeaLouisianaPurchasefromhim（Onaplanetwheresome95%oftheinhabitantsarenotAmericans,theonlyhistorythatwasthoughtworthteachingwasAmericanhistory.）Inspelling,grammar,thefundamentalsofmath,andothervitalsubjects,myteachersdidaprettygoodjob.Butthere'

snomuchelseIwishthey'

dtaughtus.

2.Perhapsallthedeficiencieshavesincebeenrectified.Itseemstometherearemanythings（oftenmoreamatterofattitudeandperceptionthanthesimplememorizationoffacts）thattheschoolsshouldteach——thingsthattrulywouldbeusefulinlaterlife,usefulinmakingastrongercountryandabetterworld,butusefulalsoinmakingpeoplehappier.Humanbeingsenjoylearning.That'

soneofthefewthingsthatwedobetterthantheotherspeciesonourplanet.Everystudentshouldregularyexperiencethe"

Aha!

"

——whensomethingyouneverunderstood,orsomethingyouneverknewwasmysterybecomesclear.

3.Sohere'

smylist:

Pickadifficultthingandlearnitwell

4.TheGreekphilosopherSocratessaidthiswasoneofthegreatestofhumanjoys,anditis.Whileyoulearnalittlebitaboutmanysubjects,makesureyoulearnagreatdealaboutoneortwo.Ithardlymatterswhatthesubjectis,aslongasitdeeplyinterestsyou,andyouplaceitinitsbroaderhumancontext.Afteryouteachyourselfonesubject,youbecomemuchmoreconfidentaboutyourabilitytoteachyourselfanother.Yougraduallyfindyou'

veacquiredakeyskill.Theworldischangingsorapidlythatyoumustcontinuetoteachyourselfthroughoutyourlife.Butdon'

tgettrappedbythefirstsubjectthatinterestsyou,orthefirstthingyoufindyourselfgoodat.Theworldisfullofwonders,andsomeofthemwedon'

tdiscoveruntilwe'

reallgrowup.Mostofthem.sadly,weneverdiscover.

Don'

tbeafraid 

toask"

stupid"

questions.

5.Manyapparentlynaiveinquirieslikewhygrassisgreen,orwhytheSunisround,orwhyweneed55.000nuclearweaponsintheworld——arereallydeepquestions.Theanswerscanbeagatewaytorealinsights.It'

salsoimportanttoknow,aswellasyoucan,whatitisthatyoudon'

tknow,andaskingquestionsistheway.Toask"

questionsrequirescourageonthepartoftheaskerandknowledgeandpatienceonthepartoftheanswerer.Anddon'

tconfineyourlearningtoschoolwork.Discussideasindepthwithfriends.It'

smuchbravertoaskquestionsevenwhenthere'

saprospectofridiculethantosuppressyourquestionsandbecomedeadened

totheworldaroundyou.

Listencarefully.

6.Manyconversationsareakindofcompetitionthatrarelyleadstodiscoveryoneitherside.Whenpeoplearetalking,don'

tspendthetimethinkingaboutwhatyou'

regoingtosaynext.Instead,trytounderstandwhatthey'

resaying,whatexperienceisbehindtheirremarks,whatyoucanlearnfromoraboutthem.Olderpeoplehavegrownupinaworldverydifferentfromyours,oneyoumaynotknowverywell.They.andpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountryandfromothernations,haveimportantperspectivesthatcanenrichyourlife.

Everybodymakesmistakes

7.Everybody'

sunderstandingisincomplete.Beopentocorrection,andlearntocorrectyourownmistakes.Theonlyembarrassmentisinnotlearningfromyourmistakes.

Knowyourplanet

8.It'

stheonlyonewehave.Learnhowitworks.We'

rechangingtheatmosphere,thesurface,thewatersoftheEarth,oftenforsomeshort-termadvantagewhenthelong-termimplicationsareunknown.Thecitizensofanycountryshouldhaveatleastsomethingtosayaboutthedirectioninwhichwe'

regoing.Ifwedon'

tunderstandtheissues,weabandonthefuture.

Scienceandtechnology.

9.Youcan'

tknowyourplanetunlessyouknowsomethingaboutscienceandtechnology.Schoolsciencecourses,Iremember,concentratedontheunimportantpartsofscience,leavingthemajorinsightsalmostuntouched.Thegreatdiscoveriesinmodernsciencearealsogreatdiscoveriesofthehumanspirit.Forexample,Copernicusshowedthat——farfrombeingthecenteroftheuniverse,aboutwhichtheSun,theMoon,theplanets,andthestarsrevolvedinclockwisehomage——theEarthisjustoneofmanysmallworlds.Thisisadeflationofourpretensions,tobesure,butitisalsotheopeninguptoourviewofavastandawesomeuniverse.EveryhighschoolgraduateshouldhavesomeideaoftheinsightsofCopernicus,Newton,Darwin,Freud,andEinstein.（Einstein'

sspecialtheoryofrelativity,farfrombeingobscureandexceptionallydifficult,canbeunderstoodinitsbasicswithnomorethanfirst-yearalgebra,andthenotionofarowboatinarivergoingupstreamanddownstream.）

tspendyourlifewatchingTV.

10.YouknowwhatI'

mTalkingabout.

Culture.

11.Gainsomeexposuretothegreatworksofliturature,artandmusic.Ifsuchaworkishundredsorthousandsofyearsoldandisstilladmired,thereisprobablysomethingtoit. 

Likealldeepexperiences,itmaytakealittleworkonyourparttodiscoverwhatallthefussisabout.Butonceyoumaketheeffort,yourlifehaschanged;

you'

veacquiredasourceofenjoymentandexcitementfortherestofyourdays.Inaworldastightlyconnectedasoursis,don'

trestrictyourattentiontoAmericanorwesternculture.Learnhowandwhatpeopleelsewherethink.Learnsomethingoftheirhistory,theirreligion,theirviewpoints.

Compassion

12.Manypeoplebelievethatweliveinanextraordinarilyselfishtime.Butthereisahollowness,alonelinessthatcomesfromlivingonlyforyourself.Humansarecapableofgreatmutualcompassion,loveandtenderness.Thesefeelings,however,needencouragementtogrow.

13.Lookatthedelightaone-ortwo-yearoldtakesinlearning,andyouseehowpowerfulisthehumanwilltolearn.Ourpassiontounderstandtheuniverseandourcompassionforothersjointlyprovidethechiefhopeforthehumanrace.

Lessontwo 

--HerosandCulturalIcons

GrayGoshgarian

IfyouwereaskedtolisttenAmericanheroesandheroines,youwouldprobablynamesomeorallofthefollowing:

GeorgeWashington,AbrahamLincoln,DanielBoone,MartinLutherKingJr.,AmeliaEarhart,SusanB.Anthony,JacquelineKennedyOnassis,HelenKeller,ElizabethCadyStanton,andRosaParks.Ifnextyouwereaskedtolistpeoplewhoaregenerallyadmiredbysociety,whosomehowseembiggerthanlife,youmightcomeupwithanentirelydifferentlist.Youmight,infact,namepeoplewhoarecelebratedfortheirwealthandglamourratherthantheirachievementsandmoralstrengthofcharacter.Andyouwouldnotbealone,becausepollstershavefoundthatpeopletodaydonotchoosepoliticalleaderswhoshapehistoryfortheir“MostAdmired”list,butrathermovieandtelevisioncelebrities,fashionmodels,professionalathletes,andevencomicbookandcartooncharacters.Inshortmediaicons.

Bydefinition,heroesandheroinesaremenandwomendistinguishedbyuncommoncourage,achievements,andself-sacrificemademostofternforthebenefitofothers---thenarepeopleagainstwhomwemeasureothers.Theyaremenandwomenrecognizedforshapingournation’sconsciousnessanddevelopmentaswellasthelivesofthosewhoadmirethem.Yet,somepeoplesaythatoursisanagewheretrueheroesandheroinesarehardtocomeby,wheretheveryidealofheroismissomethingbeyondus---anartifactofthepast.SomemaintainthatbecausetheColdWarisoverandbecauseAmericaisatpeaceourageisessentiallyandunheroicone.Furthermore,theoverallcrimerateisdown,povertyhasbeeneasedbyastrongandgrowingeconomy,andadvancescontinuetobemadeinmedicalscience.Consequently,bereftofculturalheroes,wehavelatchedontoculturalicons—mediasuperstarssuchasactors,actresses,sportscelebrities,televisionpersonalities,andpeoplewhoaresimplyfamousforbeingfamous.

Culturaliconsarehardertodefine,butweknowthemwhenweseethem.Theyarepeoplewhomanagetotranscendcelebrity,whoarelegendary,whosomehowmanagetobecomemythic.Butwhatmakessomefiguresiconsandothersmerecelebrities?

That’shardtoanswer.Inpart,theirliveshavethequalityofastory.Forinstance,thebeautifulyoungDianaSpencerwhoat19marriedaprince,boreaking,renouncedmarriageandthethrone,anddiedatthemomentshefoundtruelove.Goodlookscertainlyhelp.Sodoesaspecialindefinablecharisma,withthehelpofthemedia.Butnothingbecomesaniconmorethanatragicandearlydeath---suchasMartinLutherKingJr.,JohnF.Kennedy,andPrincessDiana.

BeingSomebody

DonnaWoolfolkCross

Onehundredyearsago,peoplebecamefamousforwhattheyhadachieved.MenlikeJ.P.Morgan,E.H.HarrimanandJayGouldwereallnotableachievers.SowereThomasEdison,MarkTwain,andSusanB.Anthony.

Theiraccomplishmentsarestillevidentinourownday.Today’scelebrities,however,oftendonotbecomeknownforanyenduringachievement.Thepeoplewemostadmiretodayareusuallythosewhoaremosthighlypublicizedbythemedia.

In1981,aGalluppollrevealed