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PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
AGrassrootsRemedy
Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.
Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.
Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:
familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(多动症).Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;
thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.
AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.
Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.
Mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;
theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.
Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:
nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.
OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.
Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.
Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.
DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.
Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:
notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.
Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals(哺乳动物).Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.
Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.
Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld
Walk:
Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.
Sit:
Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat’snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.
Drink:
Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;
thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:
talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.
Learn:
Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:
andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.
Travel:
Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:
bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:
forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.Whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief?
[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.
[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.
[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.
[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.
2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?
[A]Personalfreedom.
[B]Thingsthatarenatural.
[C]Urbansurroundings.
[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.
3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?
[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.
[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.
[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.
[D]NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.
4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________.
[A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience
[B]aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife
[C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood
[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying
5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?
[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.
[B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.
[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.
[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.
6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?
[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[C]Theyareabletolivelonger.
[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]Theybecomegood-humoured.
7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat________.
[A]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother
[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople
[C]accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence
[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged
8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe________________________.
9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout________________________.
10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek_________________withthenaturalworld.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.[C]Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.
[B]Shecan’tstandthehotweather.[D]SheenjoysstayinginWashington.
12.[A]Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.
[B]Whatherjobprospectsare.
[C]Whatthecustomers’feedbackis.
[D]Thedirector’sopinionofherwork.
13.[A]Combinehertrainingwithdieting.
[B]Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.
[C]Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.
[D]Includeweightliftingintheprogram.
14.[A]Whenshewillreturnhome.
[B]Whethershecangobyherself.
[C]Whethershecantravelbyair.
[D]Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.
15.[A]