高二英语备课组个案②春晖中学首页Word文档下载推荐.docx
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that,one是指同名称的另一样东西(同类异物);
it指同名称的同一个事物(同类同物)。
它们的复数分别是those,ones,them。
that替代特指可数或不可数名词,后常有of短语作修饰。
one替代前面句子中重复出现的可数名词。
it,one,that替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子,这种题型在历届高考中屡见不鲜。
例如:
①Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave____.(NMET1995)
A.itB.thoseC.themD.one
②Fewpleasurescanequal____ofacooldrinkonahotday.(NMET1999)
A.someB.anyC.thatD.those
2.在两个句中,当两个人或两件事情的情况或意思完全相同,第二个分句常用neither,nor,so,either,too引出,出现省略,其中neither,nor,so还同时引导倒装,表示“也不……”“也……”。
Susanhasgainedpromotion(晋升)recently.____and____.
A.soshewas;
soyouhave
B.soshehas;
sohaveyou
C.sohasshe;
D.sohasshe;
soyouare
3.that引导的宾语从句省略时,可以省略从句的一部分,用so代替从句。
可以用此类结构的动词有:
believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell等。
—Doyouthinkit'
sgoingtorainovertheweekend?
—____.(NMET1994)
A.Idon'
tbelieveitB.Idon'
tbelieve
C.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot
Ibelievenot即Idon'
tbelievethatit'
sgoingtorainovertheweekend.上述动词,肯定回答是:
主语+动词+so;
否定回答有两种:
主语+动词+not或主语+助动词否定形式+动词+so,但“hope”否定回答只能说sb.hopenot,不能说sb.don'
thopeso.又:
I’mafraidnot.如:
—Doestheconcertbeginat8:
00?
—Hetoldmeso(=Hetoldmethatitdid so).so也可代替appear,seem等引导的主语从句。
如:
—Hashelosthiskeys?
—Itseemsso.
Itseemsso相当于Itseemsthathehaslostthiskeys.
二、简单省略
1.简单句中的省略
1)省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略;
其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。
(1)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.
(2)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.
(3)(It)Doesn’tmatter.
(4)(I)Begyourpardon.
2)省略主谓或主谓语的一部分
(1)(Thereis)Nosmoking.
(2)(Isthere)Anythingwrong?
(3)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?
(4)What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?
(5)Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?
=Whydon’tyousayhellotohim?
3)省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态,则须在之后加上be或have:
(1)–Areyougoingthere?
--Yes,I’dliketo(gothere).
(2)Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance).
(3)–Areyouanengineer?
--No,butIwanttobe.
(4)–Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.--Well,heoughttohave.
4)省略表语
(1)–Areyouthirsty?
--Yes,Iam(thirsty).
(2)Hisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister(lazy).
5)同时省略几个成分
(1)Let’smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.
(2)–-Haveyoufinishedyourwork?
---(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.
2.主从复合句中的省略
1)主句中有一些成分被省略
(1)(I’m)Sorrytohearyouareill.
(2)(It’sa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.
2)主句中有一些相同成分被省略
(1)–Ishecomingbacktonight?
--Ithinkso.
(2)–Shemustbebusynow?
--Ifso,shecan’tgowithus.
(3)–Isshefeelingbettertoday?
--I’mafraidnot.
(4)–Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?
--Iguessnot.
这种用法常见的有:
Howso?
Whyso?
Isthatso?
Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isuppose/believe/hopenot.
3.并列句中的省略
两个并列句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
(1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.
(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.
(3)Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.
4.其他省略
1)连词的that省略
宾语从句中常省略连词that,但也有不能省略的情况。
2)在某些状语从句中,从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可省去“主语+be”部分
(1)When(hewas)stillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.
(2)Shetriedherbestthough(shewas)ratherpoorinhealth.
(3)If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.
(4)If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.
3)不定式符号to的省略
(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的to.
Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.
(2)help当“帮助”讲时,后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带.
Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.
Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.
(3)介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to.
Theboydidnothingbutplay.
(4)某些使役动词(let,make,have)及感官动词(see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等)后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。
Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.
Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.
Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.
Weweremadetowork12hoursaday.
(5)主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。
Allwecandonowis(to)wait.
(6)find当“发现”讲时,后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。
Wefoundhim(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.
但如果是不定式tobe,则不能省略。
Shefoundhimtobedishonest.
4)连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但后面的语序有变化。
(1)WereIyou,Iwoulddotheworkbetter.
(2)Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?
5)主句和从句各有一些成分省略。
Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).
4.关系代词/副词的省略
(1)在定语从句中,that/which在从句中作宾语时可省略
(2).that在定语从句中作补足语时可省略.
Heisnottheman(that)heusedtobe.
Sheisall(that)ateachershouldbe.
(3).由and,but,or连接,第一个可省略,后面的不能省略。
Thisisthebook(which)IreadyesterdayandwhichIfindveryinteresting.
(4)当先行词是reason.引导定语从句的why,that也可省略。
Thereason(why/that)hefailedwashislaziness.
(5)当先行词是way,引导定语从句的inwhich/that可以省略
Theway(inwhich/that)thesecomradeslookatproblemsiswrong.
(6)当先行词是time,引导定语从句的when/that可以省略
Thesecondtime(that)Isawhimwasin1980.
StepThree:
NMET
1.----Alice,whydidn'
tyoucomeyesterday?
----I____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.
A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did
would只表示过去将来时,表示客观上看一定要发生的事,
而begoingto则侧重强调主观打算做某事.
2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto
应引起注意的是用不定式做宾补的动词,千万别把宾语丢掉,此外某些形容词,如afraid,glad,happy,bewilling用法相同。
----WouldyougotovisittheGreatWallwithus?
----Yes,I'
mgladto.
3.(NMET'
96)Howbeautifullyshesings!
Ihaveneverheard______before.
A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoice
C.thebestvoiceD.abettervoice
4.Ratherthan____onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET1994)
A.ride;
rideB.riding;
ride
C.ride;
torideD.toride;
riding
5.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.(NMET1998)
A.growB.grew
C.wasgrowingD.togrow
状语从句中的省略。
①Theresearchissodesignedthatonce____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)
A.beginsB.havingbegun
C.beginningD.begun
②If____thesametreatmentagain,he'
ssuretogetwell.(上海1998)
A.givingB.give
C.givenD.beinggiven
(1)在状语从句中,如果谓语动词是be,主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it,主谓均可省。
①时间状语从句:
Pleasecomehereassoonas(itis)possible.
②条件状语从句:
Shewon'
tcometothepartyunless(sheis)invited.
③地点状语从句:
Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(itis)necessary.
④方式状语从句:
Iwonderwhyhedidn'
tdoas(hewas)toldto.
⑤比较状语从句:
Itismuchcoldertodaythan(itwas)yesterday.
⑥让步状语从句:
Though(theywere)tired,theywentonworking.
(2)状语从句省略主语时,后边用现在分词表示该动作与被省略的主语是主动关系,用过去分词表示两者之间是被动关系。
Becarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.
Once(heis)burnt,achilddarenottouchthefireagain.
3.根据上下文省略,考查疑问句及其省略回答,看下面一组高考题。
1)特殊疑问句的省略回答
①—Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.
—Why____?
Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.(NMET2003)
A.himB.heC.ID.me
②—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?
---____herbicycles.(上海1997)
A.AsshelostB.Lost
C.LosingD.Becauseoflosing
2)含情态动词的一般疑问句的省略回答
①—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?
—Yes,you____.(上海1998)
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
②“Willyoustayforlunch?
”“Sorry,____.
Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.”(NMET1999)
A.Imustn'
tB.Ican'
t
C.Ineedn'
tD.Iwon'